Nuptiality Status in West Bengal: A Demographic Appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Avijit Roy ◽  
Pradip Chouhan
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Harmful Effects

The present study deals with nuptiality pattern, probability of marriage and age at first marriage in different districts of West Bengal (India). The crude marriage rate was higher in Hugli district, while East Mednipur occupied top position in different district of West Bengal with regarding to general marriage rate. Hajnal’s Singulated Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) was used to find out the mean age at marriage and marriage probability was estimated by construction of nuptiality table based on the census data (2011). The study revealed that the SMAM is 23 years in the state, while Murshidabad constitutes lower SMAM (21.7 years). The study also found that the marriage probability was 5 times higher among females (10-14 years) as compared to males. Awareness should be increased to reduce the harmful effects of marriage at a lower age. Policy makers and government should pay special attention to rural and marginalized communities by providing them economic benefits.

scholarly journals Differentials in Female Age at Marriage in Pakistan: Have they Changed or Not?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Aneel Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Age at marriage is an important factor to study the marriage patterns of a country because of strong relationship between age at first marriage and childbearing. In this study, effects of one major socio-cultural factor female education and place of residence have been illustrated. The present study attempted to find differentials in female age at marriage in Pakistan since Pakistan has begun to face early demographic transition since 90’s. The investigation of differentials in female age at marriage in this study is generally based on data analysis of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006-07. While comparative analysis also discussed in a separate section with findings of PDHS, 2012-13. The age at first marriage of women lived in major urban areas seemed to carry with them the influence of the urban lifestyle and are also influenced by the educational enrollment opportunities.

Age at marriage in Sri Lanka: stabilizing or declining?

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Age At First Marriage

SummaryOver the last four decades in Sri Lanka, age at first marriage for males increased marginally, and for females it rose considerably, but there has been no recent increase in female age at marriage. Among the younger cohorts, estimated ages at which some married indeed show a declining mean age at marriage. Coale-McNeil estimates indicate that there is no real decline in female age at marriage in Sri Lanka. Marriages were delayed as a result of economie hardship or increased mortality to the mid-1970s, but once the overall economy improved after 1977, more marriages took place. Female age at marriage in Sri Lanka remained slightly below 24 years, the age which is anticipated by younger cohorts, and this level is likely to persist for some time.

The age of Roman Girls at Marriage: Some Reconsiderations

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 28-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent D. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Types

The age at which girls tend to marry is one of the most important factors in determining the overall rates of fertility in a given population, and hence its general demographic profile. It also affects a whole range of social institutions of reproduction, above all the ‘shape’ of the family, the relationships between the mother and her children, between husband and wife, and the ways in which property can be redistributed through inheritance. It is the simple and restricted purpose of this paper to re-examine the data that have hitherto been used to determine the age at marriage of girls in Roman society. For the purposes of this study, ‘Roman society’ is defined as the conglomerate of urban-centred communities that developed in Europe west of the Adriatic, as well as in the lands of the Danubian Basin. It is conceded that family types and modes of family formation in the eastern parts of the empire were different from those in the west, and therefore require separate analysis. In performing this task, the analysis presented here also attempts to demonstrate the highly specific nature of the set of data employed in the ‘age-at-marriage’ debate, and to question its relevance to the age at first marriage of most girls in the western Roman empire. Having demonstrated the limited validity of these data, I shall then suggest another method that might usefully be employed to approach the problem. Finally, to complete the argument, a series of hypotheses will be advanced that seek to link the range and modes of age at first marriage of girls of various status groups and classes to other social and economic factors in the Roman world.

scholarly journals Correlates and Consequences of Delayed Marriage in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Abdul Shukur Abdullah ◽  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Irwan Nadzif Mahpul ◽  
Nur Airena Aireen Azman ◽  
Rosdiana Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification Analysis ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Cross Tabulation

This paper aims to examine the correlates of age at first marriage and the consequences of late marriage. Data for this paper were drawn from the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Simple cross-tabulation and multiple classification analysis were used for the analysis. Age at marriage of women varied across socio-economic groups. Among the ethnic groups, the Other Bumiputera entered marriage earliest, followed by the Malays, Indians and Chinese. Age at marriage was positively associated with urbanisation, educational level, and women’s autonomy in marriage. The assumption of modern norms and ideas, and escalating cost of marriage are important determinants of marriage postponement. Late marriage has a direct impact on demographic outcomes, resulting in ultra-low fertility for some groups of the population. Marriage postponement has positive socio-economic outcomes for individuals. However, postponing marriage beyond the prime reproductive age may result in some reproductive health problems.

scholarly journals Patterns of first marriage in Finland and Hungary: a comparative study

1992 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Magdolna Csernák
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Difference

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature and background of the difference between the nuptiality pattern in Finland and Hungary and to contribute to better understanding of the demographic behavior. The emphasis is on the first marriage. Historically, Finland belongs to the countries characterized by the European pattern while Hungary followed the so called Eastern European pattern. Even if the both patterns have come closer to each other there are still differences between them which is seen, especially, in the age at marriage and the total First marriage rate. The author presents the marriage trends by using both period and cohort measures. In order to analyze the changes in the age structure and the intensity of the first marriage, the classical life table method was applied to cohorts born between 1945 and 1970. The birth cohorts are supposed to be closed, not influenced by migration or mortality. For Finland projective probabilities are computed on the bases of cohort first marriage rates, for Hungary conventional probabilities are used.

Age at Marriage and the Household: A Study of Neo-Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian Forms

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha T. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
First Millennium

This inquiry focuses on one life stage in the life cycle of ancient Babylonia and Assyria of the first millennium B.C., specifically, the age at first marriage for men and women. I will suggest some implications to be drawn for the household and family patterns resulting from probable age at marriage, and identify native terminology employed in reference to the life stage common for first marriage.

scholarly journals Ethnic Fertility Differentials in Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 733-744
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Demand For Children

Pakistan is a country facing relatively high rates of population growth due to high fertility and decline in mortality rates. This is not only depleting scarce resources but also contributing significantly to environmental degradation. It is, therefore, desirable to know; why fertility rates in Pakistan remain high despite the nationwide family planning coverage since 1965? The objective of this study, therefore, is to establish trends and patterns of fertility among different ethnic groups (on the basis of languages spoken) in Pakistan. The study also explores the major reasons for different fertility behaviour. This is because; there are variety of languages spoken throughout the country having distinct norms, traditions and other customs which directly or indirectly influence fertility and fertility related decisions. The study found that the Balochi or Brohi speaking women had the most children, Sindhi and Pushto speaking women are the women with the second highest fertility levels, Punjabis with the lowest and Urdu speaking almost matching them. The study attributes the high fertility levels among some ethnic groups to low level of education, lower age at first marriage, higher demand for children and greater value placed on number of children. It is also found that fertility levels are high among those ethnic groups who have little knowledge and less use of contraceptives. On the basis of findings, study provides guideline to policy-makers, planners and family planning personnel’s for policy formation to facilitate reduction of fertility in particular context and to target specific sub-groups of population.

Historical Intervention, Tradition, and Change: A Study of the Age at Marriage in Gibraltar, 1909–1983

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sawchuk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

ABSTRACT: This article examines the age at first marriage among a series of temporally defined marriage cohorts spanning the period 1909 to 1983 for the civilian inhabitants of the Rock of Gibraltar. The pattern of late marriage among Gibraltarians remained relatively stable until a stage of siege' was imposed by Spain. The reduction in matrimonial age is explored in terms of a host of factors, including a significant rise in the number of women entering the labour force, a reduction in spatially exogamous unions with Spain, and increased feasibility of marriage because of rises in income levels.

COHORT MARRIAGE KINETICS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION, WITH A CASE STUDY OF JAPAN, 1920–1940

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Jianghua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
Marriage Squeeze ◽  
Mate Availability ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Young Females ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Marriage Formation

SummaryThe concept of marriage squeeze expects a positive association between marriage formation and the availability of preferred mates. Previous research to test the hypothesis has had mixed results owing to inconsistent marriage measures, inconsistent age focuses and insufficient attention to migration. This study derives kinetics equations of marriage formation to link cohort age-specific mate availability to migration-adjusted marriage rate/incidence, a measure in contrast to nominal marriage rate. On testing the equations with Japanese census data for 1920–1940, it is found that, in female cohorts, mate availability impacts first marriage rate at the life-course stage from 15–19 to 20–24 years, but not at later stages. Among young females, the decline in mate availability accounted for about 21% of the decline in first marriage rate over the period 1920–1940, when there was a trend towards later but not less marriage in Japan. The study suggests that the flexibility of mate/spouse choice in females varies along the marriageable life course and is more manifest at older ages. At young ages, however, the marriage squeeze hypothesis could hold, presumably because young women are evolutionarily shaped to be choosier, perhaps postponing their marriages when preferred mates are in short supply.

scholarly journals Demystifying the Effects of Age at Marriage and Age at First Birth on Completed Family Size in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkuye Moyo ◽  
Tina Nanyangwe-Moyo ◽  
Xiaochun Qiao ◽  
Jilei Wu ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Completed Family Size

The link between age at marriage and first birth in explaining completed family size is not always direct, due to heterogeneity in circumstances, that compel individual women to marry or initiate childbearing at a particular age. We analyzed data for 1020 women aged 45-49 in 2014 of the 1965-1969 birth cohort from the 2013-14 ZDHS. We fitted a bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression to establish the effect of mother’s age at first marriage and at first birth on completed family size (CFS). Chi-square test of proportions measuring differences in proportions and relative risk ratios (RRR) with confident intervals at 95% are reported. Our results show that the average CFS was 6.7 (95% CI: 6.5 – 6.9) among women completing their reproductive span in 2014 with mean age at first marriage and birth being 18.3 years (95% CI: 18.0 – 18.5) and 18.9 years (95% CI: 18.7 – 19.1) respectively. Women marrying at younger ages and having their first birth at younger ages were more likely (RRR: 0.262; 95% CI:0.126-0.547 and RRR: 0.176; 95% CI:0.068-0.497 respectively) to have higher CFS than their compatriots that initiated both marriage and childbearing at or after age 22. Having no education, being a rural resident and having a medium household wealth all increased the risk of having higher CFS. Women that marry before age 19 have a higher likelihood of having 6 or more children by the end of their reproductive period. The study concludes that apart from a woman’s age at first marriage and first birth, a complex network of factors interact to determined CFS.

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