Failed Res Publica Restituta 1948: The Origins of Changes in the Basic Principle of the USSR's State System in the Soviet Political Discourse of the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (001) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Aleksey NIKANDROV
Cicero ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Malcolm Schofield

This chapter documents the role of appeals to the liberty of the people in Roman political discourse, as evidenced in the writings of Sallust and Livy as well as Cicero’s. Liberty’s relation to contested notions of equality is discussed at length, particularly as it is explored in Livy and in On the commonwealth. Finally, the chapter turns to On the commonwealth’s conception of popular sovereignty: of the res publica as the property of the people, over which it must be able to exercise rights of ownership, if political liberty is to be secured and maintained.


The semantic field of political discourse is based on the opposition of «ours – theirs» which content varies depending on the state system and the power regime. Post-perestroika discourse has undergone fundamental transformations associated with the breakdown of previous semantic links and the subsequent building of new ones. The study is devoted to understanding the ideological system of the post-perestroika period. Within the media-political discourse (on the material of collecting samples from daily newspaper «Izvestia», 1992) the interrelationship of two thematic groups of ideologemes is analyzed: integrative ideologemes and disintegrative ideologemes. The descriptive method, methods of linguo-cognitive and linguo-ideological analysis, as well as quantitative methods are used in this article. We characterized the system of integrative and disintegrative ideologemes that were developed in the early post-perestroika period. Ideologemes are described in accordance with Russian linguist O.S.Issers’s classification. The significance of integrative and disintegrative ideologemes in the early post-perestroika discourse is universal and relevant to each world ideological picture in order to distinguish internal and external state images of «ours – theirs».


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Martin Eisinger ◽  
Graham Neray
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Ye. Yi. Bidaibekov ◽  
V. V. Grinshkun ◽  
S. N. Koneva

The article deals with computer graphics tasks related to the activities of the future informatics teacher in conditions of fundamentalization of education. Training of future informatics teachers in the context of the fundamentalization of education requires them to know the range of tasks related to computer graphics and the skills to solve them. In order to enhance the fundamental component of computer graphics, methods are proposed that rely on interprandial communications, as well as on in-depth training of computer graphics. In the course of reasoning, the authors come to the conclusion that the content of computer graphics should be enriched with mathematical foundations of computer graphics and as a result update the content of the computer graphics course with machine graphics algorithms. The basic principle of selecting the content of the course offered is the principle of the fundamentalization of education. Since the scope of application of computer graphics is extensive, in our opinion, the system of tasks and tasks on computer graphics is the most interesting. A feature of this system is the orientation towards solving fundamental problems of computer graphics. It was also revealed during the study that it is possible to reduce the tasks of the proposed system to a certain sequence of stages. The application of stages for a certain type of tasks affects the methods of solving them. Thus, the fundamental training of future informatics teachers in computer graphics requires them to know these stages and methods of solving fundamental computer graphics tasks.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Akihiko Shimizu

This essay explores the discourse of law that constitutes the controversial apprehension of Cicero's issuing of the ultimate decree of the Senate (senatus consultum ultimum) in Catiline. The play juxtaposes the struggle of Cicero, whose moral character and legitimacy are at stake in regards to the extra-legal uses of espionage, with the supposedly mischievous Catilinarians who appear to observe legal procedures more carefully throughout their plot. To mitigate this ambivalence, the play defends Cicero's actions by depicting the way in which Cicero establishes the rhetoric of public counsel to convince the citizens of his legitimacy in his unprecedented dealing with Catiline. To understand the contemporaneousness of Catiline, I will explore the way the play integrates the early modern discourses of counsel and the legal maxim of ‘better to suffer an inconvenience than mischief,’ suggesting Jonson's subtle sensibility towards King James's legal reformation which aimed to establish and deploy monarchical authority in the state of emergency (such as the Gunpowder Plot of 1605). The play's climactic trial scene highlights the display of the collected evidence, such as hand-written letters and the testimonies obtained through Cicero's spies, the Allbroges, as proof of Catiline's mischievous character. I argue that the tactical negotiating skills of the virtuous and vicious characters rely heavily on the effective use of rhetoric exemplified by both the political discourse of classical Rome and the legal discourse of Tudor and Jacobean England.


2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muhammad al-Shami

In Islamic law judgements on any human action are usually evaluated in terms of the intention involved. Accordingly, the rules of substantive issues have to be accommodated under the basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The understanding of these principles by the juristic scholar is highly rewarding because it will lead the muftī to the right path in deriving legal opinions from the original sources. The basic principle of Islamic jurisprudence, which stipulates that ‘all actions depend on intentions,’ has played an important role in the construction of Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, this rule has a special place in the theory of Islamic legal contract. So what is the effect of intention in the validity of human actions and legal contracts? It is known that pure intention has significant effects on spiritual worship and legal contracts of transaction. It also gives guidance for earning rewards from Almighty Allah. This article concentrates on the effect of intention in perpetual worship, the concept of action and intention in Islamic legal works, the kind of contract with all its components, and the jurists' views on the effects of intention in human action and legal contract along with their discussion and counter-arguments.


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