scholarly journals A review of policy frameworks supporting mountain grasslands in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (51) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Maria Carla Lostrangio ◽  
Marie Clotteau
Keyword(s):  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Mountain Grasslands

scholarly journals Microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling responses to drought and temperature in differently managed mountain grasslands

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Birgit Wild ◽  
Maria Mooshammer ◽  
Mounir Takriti ◽  
Sandra Kienzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Microbial Carbon

The Poverty of Policy: Examining Care Leaving Policy in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 234930032098239
Author(s):  
Anduamlak Molla Takele ◽  
Messay Gebremariam Kotecho ◽  
Philip Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Adult World ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Orphan And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Children In Care

International research consistently shows that young care leavers’ journey from care to emerging adulthood is characterised by adversities such as unemployment, poor academic performance, homelessness, involvement in criminal activities, mental illness and early parenthood. As research evidence points out, such negative outcomes are closely linked with the existence of multiple placements, lack of mentoring, limited connections with significant others, the absence of early preparation to leave care, and a dearth of or inadequate policy frameworks that entitle care leavers to use aftercare support schemes. In order to support care leavers’ transition from care to emerging adulthood, Global North countries have implemented an independent care leaving policy framework that serves as a scaffolding for challenges that would arise from care leavers’ exploration of the adult world upon leaving care. However, such experience in formulation of policy to empower care leavers to be an independent adult is not well developed in countries in Global South due to the infant nature of research on care leaving and a preference for addressing the issues of care leavers in the existing child policy frameworks rather than formulating a special policy that deals with care leaving. The status of Ethiopia in this regard is not different. Existing policy frameworks concerning children have failed to address the needs of Ethiopian care leavers despite the existence of over five million orphan and vulnerable children in the country most of whom are placed in institutional childcare centres. This article presents the case for an independent care leaving policy in Ethiopia to address the multifaceted needs of children in care and improve the care leaving service in the country. Thus, the study will shed light on the state of care leaving policy in the world and lessons for Ethiopia to support Ethiopia’s attempt to serve the most vulnerable children in care by developing its own care leaving policy.

scholarly journals Photoprotective Strategies in Mediterranean High-Mountain Grasslands

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Mountain Plants

Albeit the remarkably high Ultraviolet B loads, high temperatures, and drought stress substantiate the need for efficient photoprotective strategies in Mediterranean high-mountain plants, these remain understudied. Considering the sensitivity of photosystems to extreme conditions, we evaluated an environmental gradient’s weight on the photoprotection of five high-mountain specialists from Central Spain. Diurnal and seasonal variations in chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoids, and xanthophylls in consecutive and climatically contrasting years were taken to evaluate the effect of the impending climate coarsening at the photosystem level. Our results revealed significant differences among species in the xanthophyll cycle functioning, acting either as a continuous photoprotective strategy enhancing photochemistry-steadiness; or prompted only to counteract the cumulative effects of atypically adverse conditions. The lutein cycle’s involvement is inferred from the high lutein content found in all species and elevations, acting as a sustained photoprotective strategy. These findings added to high de-epoxidation state (DEPS) and minor seasonal changes in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, infer the xanthophyll and Lutein cycles are crucial for upkeeping the photosystems’ optimal functioning in these plants heightening their photoprotective capacity during periods of more unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, an atypically dry growing season’s detrimental effect infers the feasible surpassing of stress-thresholds and the precariousness of the communities’ functional diversity under climate change.

scholarly journals Determinants of urban sprawl in Latin America: evidence from Santiago de Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Silva ◽  
Francisco Vergara-Perucich
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

AbstractUrban sprawl has been widely discussed in regard of its economic, political, social and environmental impacts. Consequently, several planning policies have been placed to stop—or at least restrain—sprawling development. However, most of these policies have not been successful at all as anti-sprawl policies partially address only a few determinants of a multifaceted phenomenon. This includes processes of extended suburbanisation, peri-urbanisation and transformation of fringe/belt areas of city-regions. Using as a case study the capital city of Chile—Santiago—thirteen determinants of urban sprawl are identified as interlinked at the point of defining Santiago's sprawling geography as a distinctive space that deserves planning and policy approaches in its own right. Unpacking these determinants and the policy context within which they operate is important to better inform the design and implementation of more comprehensive policy frameworks to manage urban sprawl and its impacts.

scholarly journals The first stage of Australia’s digital transition and its implications for Australian television drama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2110303
Author(s):  
Anna Potter ◽  
Amanda D. Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Policy Reform ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Domestic Drama ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Visibility ◽  
Digital Disruption

This article analyses how digitisation and screen policy reform altered the production of domestic drama and children’s programmes in Australia. Focusing on dynamics that developed before widespread use of streaming services, it maps the disruptions and evolution that digital ‘multi-channels’ caused and how they challenged audiovisual policy frameworks intended to safeguard local television including drama on advertiser-funded broadcasters. The article reveals how the effects of fragmentation undermined commercial television’s business model and eroded investment in scripted content. Shifting policy priorities also brought new support mechanisms for local programmes and led to adjustments to the ABC’s drama funding practices, with significant effects on the form, content, and cultural visibility of Australian drama. This initial stage of digital disruption – spanning roughly 2001–2014 – is often overlooked but is crucial for appreciating the challenges facing Australian television drama production in the 2020s.

scholarly journals Climate Mobility and Development Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stojanov ◽  
Sarah Rosengaertner ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin ◽  
Raphael Nawrotzki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

AbstractDevelopment cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More recently, as concern has risen about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human mobility, development cooperation actors have begun to design projects that intentionally address the drivers of migration, including climate impacts on livelihoods. However, to date, we know little about the development cooperation’s role and function in responding to climate related mobility and migration. As such, the main aim of this paper is to outline the policy frameworks and approaches shaping development cooperation actors’ engagement and to identify areas for further exploration and investment. First, we frame the concept of climate mobility and migration and discuss some applicable policy frameworks that govern the issue from various perspectives; secondly, we review the toolbox of approaches that development cooperation actors bring to climate mobility; and third, we discuss the implications of the current Covid-19 pandemic and identify avenues for the way forward. We conclude that ensuring safe and orderly mobility and the decent reception and long-term inclusion of migrants and displaced persons under conditions of more severe climate hazards, and in the context of rising nationalism and xenophobia, poses significant challenges. Integrated approaches across multiple policy sectors and levels of governance are needed. In addition to resources, development cooperation actors can bring data to help empower the most affected communities and regions and leverage their convening power to foster more coordinated approaches within and across countries.

scholarly journals Factors affecting presence and relative abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a habitat specialist

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Felipe Osuna ◽  
Roger Guevara ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Meyer ◽  
Raúl Alcalá ◽  
Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Patch Occupancy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Volcanic Fields ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Habitat specialists are particularly vulnerable to extinction when habitat conditions are altered. Information on the habitat use of such species is thus important because it provides insight into factors that influence distribution and abundance, which is crucial for conservation. Here, we aimed to identify factors that influence the patterns of presence and abundance of the Endangered volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, a rare leporid with a patchy distribution. Through exhaustive sampling of its range in the Sierra Chichinautzin and Sierra Nevada volcanic fields, Mexico, and using generalized linear models, we found that the probability of patch occupancy was higher where bunchgrass cover exceeded 75%, rock cover exceeded 5%, no cattle grazing was observed and human settlements were at least 7 km away. Patches with greater relative abundance were those with similar characteristics, but located at elevations > 3,600 m, and with rock cover < 15%. Cattle grazing was identified as a major threat to local populations of the volcano rabbit, particularly in the Sierra Chichinautzin. Because of the significance of bunchgrasses for this species, the protection of the mountain grasslands is required in both volcanic fields.

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