scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES OF SOME RICE VARIETIES (ORYZA SATIVA L.) TREATED WITH XRAYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-425
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Karakter morfologi akar sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada padi lokal Superwin (Root-morphological characters as water-deficit indicators in local rice Superwin)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Claudya Torey ◽  
Song Ai Nio ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Susan M Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Rice Varieties

Abstrak Evaluasi karakter morfologi akar telah dilakukan untuk menentukan karakter morfologi akar yang potensial sebagai indikator adanya kekurangan air pada padi (Oryza sativa L.) di antara panjang akar, volume akar, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, rasio akar:tajuk dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman. Eksperimen ini dilakukan di rumah kaca dan menggunakan 2 varietas padi (Superwin dan IR 64) pada fase vegetatif  yang ditumbuhkan pada media tanah di polybag dengan perlakuan kekeringan (tidak disirami selama 14 hari) dan disirami sampai kapasitas lapang (kontrol). Panjang akar dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman dapat dijadikan indikator kekurangan air pada padi Superwin dan IR 64. Superwin yang merupakan padi sawah dapat dipertimbangkan untuk ditanam di lahan kering. Kata kunci: indikator, kekeringan, morfologi akar Abstract Root-morphological characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to determine the potential characters as water-deficit indicators among the length, volume, fresh weight, dry weight, ratio root:shoot and ratio root length:plant height. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse using 2 rice varieties (cv. Superwin and IR 64) grown in the soil mixture at the vegetative phase. The treatments in this experiment were water deficit (without water for 14 days) and well-watered (watering until field capacity). The root length and ratio root length:plant height were potential as water- deficit indicators in Superwin dan IR 64. The upland rice, Superwin, should be considered to be cultivated in the water limited area. Keywords: drought, indicator, root morphology

scholarly journals Development of a Diversity Panel for Traditional Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)Accessions/Varieties in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Somaratne ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Traditional Rice

Oryza sativa L. varieties grown in Sri Lanka from ancient times to the middle of the last century are known as traditional rice varieties and a collection of over 2000 traditional rice accessions conserved at Gene Bank, Plant Genetics Resource Center (PGRC), Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Farmers preferred traditional rice varieties for their adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and are an important component of the biodiversity of Sri Lanka. A detailed understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of traditional rice varieties is essential for the effective utilization of rice genetic resources and identification of potential parents possessing valuable genetic traits for future crop improvement in rice breeding programmes. The objective of the present study was phenotypic and molecular characterization of one hundred (100) traditional rice accession/varieties collected from PGRC, Sri Lanka and identification of a broad diversity panel for these traditional rice accessions/varieties. Rice varieties were grown in a plant house following Randomized Complete Block design with 4 replicates and 5 plants per each replicate. Thirty-two (32) agro-morphological characters were observed. Green leaves of rice varieties were individually collected from 20 day-old seedlings for gDNA extraction using Plant genomic DNA kit followed by the CTAB protocol. Thirty‐three microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeat – SSR) primer pairs were used to assay genetic variation. DNA amplification was carried out using a thermal cycler and PCR products were subjected to fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistical analyses were performed to access the variation of agro-morphological characters among rice varieties. Data were subjected to cluster analysis (CA) to examine the grouping tendencies and supplemented with Multidimensional scaling (MDS) to explore the procedural differences in the outcome. CA and MDS produced seven (07) groups which were further analyzed using Classification and Regression Analysis (CART) to extract the diagnostic agro-morphological features. Based on CART result, groups of rice varieties were characterized by lemma–palea color, presence or absence of awn, seedling height, and flag-leaf angle. Traditional rice accessions/varieties represent distant clusters on agro-morphological features. Molecular analyses revealed, all 33 loci displayed polymorphism (66.7-96.9 %) among 100 traditional rice accessions/varieties with a total of 387 alleles identified with an average of 11.72 alleles per accession. AMOVA results showed that 34% of the variation distributed among accessions/varieties, 59% of among individuals and 7% within individual indicating a comparatively high level of genetic differentiation among individuals of selected rice accessions/varieties. Structure analysis results illustrated that all 100 accessions/varieties were genetically structured into fifteen well-separated groups, high ΔK peak was recorded at K=15, K= 5, K= 19 and K= 2 respectively. UPGMA analysis based on Jaccard's similarity separated the accessions into five (5) major clusters. A cophenetic correlation with r=0.786 strongly supported the clustering pattern of UPGMA dendrogram. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) also confirmed the UPGMA clusters. The genetic diversity information obtained will be useful in efficient use of Sri Lankan rice germplasm collection in breeding programmes. This information will also be useful in management of in situ and ex situ germplasm collections in conservation programs for traditional rice varieties.

Diversity among different populations of a locally common rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace from north-western Indian Himalayas

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
I. S. Bisht ◽  
K. V. Bhat ◽  
P. S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Environmental Adaptations ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
On Farm

Genetic structure of five populations of a locally common rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace Jaulia from parts of Uttarakhand state of India was studied using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers. Of these, four populations were on-farm managed, assembled from different niche environments, and one population was conserved ex situ and represented static conservation. The 16 STMS primer pairs fully differentiated the inter- and intrapopulation diversity. A total of 72 alleles were recorded with a mean of 4.5 alleles per locus. Population wise, the total number of alleles ranged from 21 to 41, with maximum number of alleles for population IC 548358 and minimum number of alleles for population IC 100051 representing static conservation. A greater number of alleles specific to populations under farmer management could be recorded. Changes in yield parameters also seemed to be affected under farmer management besides other environmental adaptations for qualitative morphological characters. The marker diversity using STMS primer pairs indicates the genetic differentiation among populations resulting from joint effects of several evolutionary forces operating within the historical and biological context of the crop landrace. The variations in adaptations, on the other hand, indicate the degree to which populations are adapted to their environments and their potential for continued performance or as donors of characters in plant breeding. Both biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment are involved.

Breeding for Improving Human Nutrition and Grain Quality through Biofortification of Traditional Land Races and Improved Cultivars in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
P. Savitha ◽  
R. Usha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which belongs to the family poaceae, is the life and the prince among cereals as this unique grain helps to sustain two thirds of the world's population. India have traditionally been used or rice cultivation due to availability of water and conductive soil (Nadesa panic). Rice was grown in 155.30 million hectares and around 600 million tonnes of rice harvested each year globally. About 114 countries produce rice with China and India supporting 50 per cent of total production. India stands first in area under cultivation (41.85 mha) and ranks second in production, where as China ranks first in production with just half of the area. India's production is 89.13 million tonnes with a productivity of 2130 kg/ha. Among the rice producing states of India, Tamil Nadu ranks sixth in production (6.53 million tonnes) and second in productivity of 3918 kg/ha with an area of 20.16 lakh ha (Season and Crop Report, 2012). Local farmers in such farming systems retain the traditional varieties based on their knowledge of the quality of the rice varieties and their adaptation to varying agro-ecological situations created by diverse seasons and land situations (Tapasi das & Ashesh Kumar Das, 2014). Among the major micronutrient deficiencies common in rice consuming countries, iron and zinc deficiencies (“hidden hunger”), affect over three billion people worldwide, mostly in developing countries (Welch & Graham, 2004).

Proline and carbohydrate metabolism in rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) under various drought and recovery conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Cong Dien ◽  
Thieu Thi Phong Thu ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Varieties
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