<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kencur (Kaempferia galanga) banyak dimanfaatkan oleh rumah<br />tangga, industri obat maupun makanan serta minuman dan industri rokok<br />kretek. Peningkatan pemakaian simplisia kencur dalam berbagai industri di<br />dalam negeri akan meningkatkan konsumsi simplisia ini, sehingga upaya<br />peningkatan produksi masih perlu dilakukan melalui budidaya, di<br />antaranya dengan penggunaan varietas unggul yang didukung dengan<br />pemupukan yang optimal. Di dalam penelitian ini dikaji respon lima<br />nomor unggul kencur terhadap paket pemupukan organik dan anorganik<br />pada tanah latosol di dataran rendah, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Oktober 2003 sampai Agustus 2004,<br />dengan RAK dalam pola faktorial. Faktor I nomor unggul kencur (V1, V2,<br />V3, V4 dan V5) dan faktor II paket pemupukan (6 paket), diulang 2 kali.<br />Jarak tanam yang digunakan 20 x 20 cm, ukuran petak 4 x 1,2 m. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan, empat nomor unggul kencur (V1, V3, V4, V5),<br />dari lima nomor yang diuji, mempunyai kemampuan untuk menghasilkan<br />rimpang segar dan kering yang sama, dengan kisaran bobot rimpang segar<br />62,27-70,22 g/tanaman dan kisaran bobot rimpang kering 16,95-19,33 g/<br />tanaman. Paket pemupukan yang dianjurkan untuk semua nomor yang<br />diuji adalah pupuk kandang 20 ton/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36 200 kg/ha<br />+ KCl 200 kg/ha, atau pemupukan organik dengan pupuk kandang kerbau<br />40 ton/ha. Respon lima nomor unggul kencur terhadap aplikasi paket<br />pemupukan memberikan mutu dengan hasil yang berbeda, yaitu kadar<br />minyak atsiri V3 (2,03%) tergolong mutu I, sedangkan empat nomor<br />lainnya tergolong mutu II (1,08 -1,97%), dengan hasil minyak atsiri 0,325<br />– 0,466 ml/tanaman. Serapan hara lima nomor unggul kencur terhadap<br />paket teknologi yang diuji memperlihatkan, serapan hara N berkisar antara<br />149,60 – 415,60 mg/tanaman, hara P 41,50 – 112,50 mg/tanaman, hara K<br />236,10 – 571,70 mg/tanaman.<br />Kata kunci : Kencur, Kaempferia galanga, varietas unggul, pemupukan,<br />serapan hara, produksi, mutu</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Response of five galanga promising lines to fertilization<br />India galanga (Kaempferia galanga) is commonly used for<br />household consumption, medicines, food and drink supplement industries<br />as well as cigarette sauce. Increase in demand of this commodity for<br />domestic industries will raise the consumption of symplicia. Therefore,<br />effort in increasing yield of the plant through cultivation technique<br />improvement, i.e. application of superior variety and fertilization, is worth<br />to be accomplished. In this experiment five Galanga promising lines of<br />India galanga were subjected to organic and inorganic fertilizations at<br />low land latosol soil, Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java. Experiment was carried<br />out from October 2003 – August 2004 and arranged in randomized block<br />in factorial design, with two replications. First factor is the promising lines<br />(V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5); factor II is fertilization packages (6 packages).<br />Plot size of 4 x 1.2 m and plant spacing of 20 x 20 cm, were applied. The<br />results showed that four of five tested promising lines yielded the same<br />results of fresh and dry weight of rhizomes ranged from 62.27-70.22<br />g/plant, and the dry weight was 16.95-19.33 g/plant respectively.<br />Fertilization packages of dung manure 20 t/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36<br />200 kg/ha + KCl 200 kg/ha, or organic fertilizer by using dung manure 40<br />ton/ha, are recommended. Application of fertilization package resulted in<br />different response to the plant for their qualities. The essential oil content<br />of promising lines V3 belongs to the first grade of quality (2.03%), while<br />the others are the second one (1.08-1.97%), with the yield of essential oil<br />ranged from 0.325 – 0.466 ml/plant. The nutrients uptake of the promising<br />lines to the applied technology package were 149.60 – 415.60 mg/plant of<br />N, 41.50 – 112.50 mg/plant of P, and 236.10 – 571.70 mg/plant of K<br />nutrients.<br />Key words: Kaempferia galanga , superior variety, fertilization, nutrient<br />up take, yield, quality</p>
EFFECT OF N, P AND CU FERTILIZATION ON ONION YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENTS UPTAKE