Selection in two segregating populations of sesame under artificial infection of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the pathogenic organisms of gummosis disease of orange tree (Citrus reticulata). The pathogen was identified from the observation of their colony size, shape, colour, mycelium, conidiophore, conidia, hyaline, spore, and appressoria in the PDA culture. The crude chloroform extracts from the organism showed antibacterial activity against a number of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude chloroform extract also showed promising antifungal activity against three species of the genus Aspergillus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sonnie were 128 ?gm, 256 ?gm, 128 ?gm and 64 ?gm/ml respectively. The LD50 (lethal dose) values of the cytotoxicity assay over brine shrimp of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina was found to be 51.79 ?gm/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13378 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):125-133, 2010

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Artificial Infection of the European Eel with Third-Stage Larvae of the NematodeAnguillicola crassus

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health ◽

10.1577/1548-8667(1991)003<0263:aiotee>2.3.co;2 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 263-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. L.M. Haenen ◽

L. Grisez ◽

D. de Charleroy ◽

C. Belpaire ◽

F. Ollevier

Keyword(s):

European Eel ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Third Stage

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Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen, and agro-ecosystem

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2021-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

B. Naseri ◽

M. Gheitury ◽

M. Veisi

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Plant Infection ◽

Pathogen Prevalence ◽

Soil Infestation

SummaryUnderstanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani from root and seed compared to Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than R. solani and M. phaseolina. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.

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RESISTANCE TO MILDEW OF SELECTION FAMILY OF RED CURRANT THE BELAYA POTAPENKO × № 1426-21-80

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/4/38-40 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

O. O. Kalinina ◽

O. D. Golyaeva ◽

O. V. Panfilova ◽

А. V. Pikunova

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Disease Development ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

High Productivity ◽

Local Soil ◽

The Family ◽

Red Currant

Powdery mildew is one of the most harmful fungal diseases that causes economically significant damage to berry plantations. The disease is common in all areas of currant cultivation in the Russian Federation. In this regard, in modern conditions of intensive berry growing, the problem of breeding cultivars that are highly resistant to diseases and pests becomes urgent. Breeders have a difficult task to combine the adaptive potential of the cultivar with its annual high productivity and resistance to biotic environmental factors. When studying the adaptability of introduced cultivars of red currant and selected forms of the Institute to local soil and climate conditions, the following cultivars were identified as sources of economic and useful characteristics and involved in selection: ‘Belaya Potapenko’ as a complex source of resistance powdery mildew and high marketable and taste qualities of berries; SS 1426-21-80 as a source of high productivity and long racemes (raceme length 11-13 cm; up to 20 berries in the raceme). On their base the selection family of red currant has been developed: Belaya Potapenko × ♂SS 1426-21-80. The study of data on the destruction of hybrid seedlings of the selection family by powdery mildew showed that in epiphytotic conditions, the percentage of intensity of the disease development varies over the periods of screening from 0.2% in May to 20.4% in June. Such indicators served as a prerequisite for conducting a comparative test of breeding material in the field under artificial infection with powdery mildew. After artificial infection on the background of epiphytosis, the rate of intensity of the disease development increased slightly and amounted to 35.6% for the family. There were 30 highly resistant seedlings in the family, 10 of which have remained stable and highly resistant since 2018. In these plants we can assume the presence of the so-called field resistance, controlled by polygens, each of which does not give a visible effect of stability, but with different combinations determines one or another of its degree. Highly resistant seedlings will be used in further breeding studies to identify new sources of resistance to powdery mildew.

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Morphological and molecular identification of Macrophomina phaseolina in the pool of pathogens of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) root rot : Screening of fungicides for its control

Research on Crops ◽

10.31830/2348-7542.2020.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Root Rot ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina

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Histology of Infection of Hydrilla verticillata by Macrophomina phaseolina

10.21236/ada242194 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Gary F. Joye ◽

Rex Paul

Keyword(s):

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina

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Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

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EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2001.24.34.77 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (34) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rauf Bhutta ◽

M.H. Rahber Bhatti ◽

Ahmad Iftikhar

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Fusarium Moniliforme ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Fungal Populations ◽

Safe Control

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.

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