EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauf Bhutta ◽  
M.H. Rahber Bhatti ◽  
Ahmad Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Safe Control

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.

scholarly journals Seleksi Cendawan Endofit Untuk Menghambat Infeksi Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dewi Novina Sukapiring ◽  
Nurliana Nurliana
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura penting di Indonesia. Infeksi cendawan patogen terbawa benih merupakan salah satu kendala yang menyebabkan rendahnya produksi cabai. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai umumnya adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Drechslera hawiinesis, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, dan F. solani yang dapat menjadi sumber inokulum utama penyebab penyakit di lapangan. Salah satu pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan endofit. Cendawan endofit telah diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan metabolit cendawan endofit yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah isolasi cendawan endofit dari tanaman cabai dan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai, seleksi cendawan endofit dengan uji patogenisitas dan uji penghambatan cendawan endofit terhadap cendawan patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 dari 42 isolat cendawan endofit yang diperoleh berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai yaitu CECL 19 dan CECL 38.

scholarly journals Microflora fúngica de sementes de milho em ambientes de armazenamento

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida de Souza Tanaka ◽  
Jocely Andreuccetti Maeda ◽  
Isabel Helena de Almeida Zeituni Plazas
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Cephalosporium Acremonium ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum

Durante o armazenamento, vários fungos podem permanecer associados às sementes de milho, causando deterioração ou se mantendo viáveis, infectando posteriormente a plântula. Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a sobrevivência de fungos associados às sementes de milho durante 12 meses de armazenamento, em câmara fria (14ºC; 40% UR) e em ambiente não controlado. Observaram-se com maior freqüência os fungos de campo Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris maydis, Cephalosporium acremonium, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium moniliforme e Rhizoctonia solani, além de Rhizopus spp. e Trichoderma spp., cuja sobrevivência decresceu ao longo do armazenamento, de modo muito mais acentuado em condição de ambiente não controlado, em comparação à câmara fria. Aspergillus e Penicillium tiveram suas incidências aumentadas ao longo do período, principalmente em ambiente não controlado. Nessa condição, a sobrevivência de Fusarium moniliforme foi reduzida gradativamente até o final dos doze meses; comparativamente, em câmara fria, a viabilidade do fungo foi menos afetada. Bipolaris maydis manteve-se viável na maioria dos lotes, durante todo o armazenamento em câmara fria; em ambiente não controlado, o fungo sobreviveu durante quatro a dez meses, dependendo do lote avaliado. O armazenamento em ambiente não controlado, embora tenha provocado a redução do inóculo de F. moniliforme e outros fungos importantes, poderia acelerar o processo de deterioração das sementes. Em câmara fria, por outro lado, a viabilidade dos fungos é favorecida, comprometendo a qualidade sanitária das sementes.

scholarly journals Mycoflora associated with two species of Liliaceae in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Najmun Naher
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
New Record ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Colletotrichum Orbiculare ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium

A total of nine fungi were isolated from two ornamental angiosperms, namely Hemerocallis fulva L. and Pancratium verecundum Ant. belong to Liliaceae. Three species of fungi were found to be associated with the leaf of Hemerocallis fulva. The fungi were Colletotrichum capsici, (Syd.) Bull. & Bisby, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. Ex Fr.) and Glomerella montana (Sacc.)v Arx & E. Muller. Six species of fungi, namely Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont.) Arex., Curvularia clavata Jain, Fusarium solani (Mort.) Sacc., Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon and Maubol and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid were found to be associated with P. verecundum. Among the fungal species Glomerella montana is new record for Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(1): 39-46, 2013 (January)

Mycoflora associated with diseased rice grains in Bangladesh and their pathogenic potentiality

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 932-940
Author(s):  
Pranami Chowdhury ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Hasna Hena Begum ◽  
Md Abul Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aspergillus Clavatus ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Fifty six spotted rice grain samples of four commercially cultivated rice varieties namely BRRI 28, 29, Kalijira and Pajam were collected from 14 different districts of Bangladesh. Forty rice samples (Hybrid 2,3,4, BR7,11,12,14,16,22,23,25,26and BRRI28 to BRRI 55) were also collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute at Joydevpur. Twenty-fivespecies of fungi belonging to 15 genera were associated with these rice varieties. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A.niger, A. ochraceus, A.oryzae, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, C. lunata var. aeria, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Microdochium oryzae, Nigrospora oryzae, Penicillium spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Sarocladium oryzae and Trichoderma viride. Amongst these fungi nine i.e. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Drechsler aoryzae Breda de Haan (Subramanian and Jain), Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., Microdochium oryzae (Hashloka and Yokogi) Sam. and Hal., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. and Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams and D. Hawks were found to be pathogenic to rice seeds. The most predominant fungus was D. oryzae which was followed by A. flavus and the least incidence was observed in case of F. solani and P. guepinni. Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 932-940, 2021 (January)

VCS-Tornasol: cultivar de sorgo blanco forrajero para el estado de Sinaloa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1827-1831
Author(s):  
Tomas Moreno Gallegos ◽  
Claudia María Melgoza Villagómez ◽  
Luis Alberto Hernández Espinal ◽  
Jesús Asunción López Guzmán ◽  
Jesús Martin Moreno Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

México es el cuarto productor mundial de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) con 10% de la producción mundial, 94.3% es para la elaboración de alimentos balanceados para la producción pecuaria. En Sinaloa, 70% del sorgo, se cultiva bajo condiciones de temporal que corresponde al ciclo primavera verano, con rendimientos promedio de 1.29 t ha-1 de grano y 9.54 t ha-1 de forraje verde. En los últimos años se identificó nuevos genotipos con mayor tolerancia a enfermedades que los híbridos comerciales, por ello el programa de mejoramiento genético de sorgo del Campo Experimental Valle de Culiacán liberó la variedad ‘VCS-Tornasol’ que posee mayor tolerancia a: ergot causada por Claviceps african, antracnosis causada por Colletotrichum graminícola, tizón de la panoja causada por Fusarium moniliforme y pudrición carbonosa del tallo causada por Macrophomina phaseolina. Se encuentra inscrita en el Catálogo Nacional de Variedades Vegetales (CNVV) del SINCS con el número SOG-285-231117 y número de título de obtentor 1889. La variedad VCS-Tornasol es de ciclo vegetativo intermedio, tiene una altura de planta de 2.4 m, sus espigas son medianas (24 cm), semicompactas, con buena excersión (30 cm), el grano de color crema o ámbar, de forma circular y semiaplanada, con testa y endospermo cristalinos y de textura media. En ensayos de rendimiento realizados en un período de seis años durante el ciclo primavera-verano bajo temporal, VCS-Tornasol rindió en promedio 3 100 kg ha-1 de grano superando en 9.67% al promedio de tres testigos comerciales, la producción de forraje bajo condiciones de temporal rindió en promedio 39 775 kg ha-1, sobrepasa 49.21% al promedio del testigo comercial.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEED-BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF SUNFLOWER / CONTROL QUÍMICO DE PATÓGENOS DE SEMILLAS EN GIRASOL / MESURES DE DÉFENSE CONTRE LES CHAMPIGNONS PATHOGÈNES DU TOURNESOL TRANSMIS PAR LA SEMENCE

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A Rauf Bhutta ◽  
M.M. Rahber Bhatti ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Ishrat Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYFive fungicides, namely Tecto, Benlate, Bayton, Topsin and Derosal, were evaluated for their effect on seed germination and control of major seed-borne pathogens of sunflower. Two sunflower cultivars, HO-1 and NK-212, naturally infected with important seed-borne fungi were treated with these fungicides at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 g/kg. All the fungicides under study controlled the seed-borne fungi and increased the germination of sunflower seed to various levels. Tecto and Benlate in both cultivars gave better performance in reducing the fungal population and increasing seed germination. Topsin and Derosal also reduced the fungal population at higher dosage but there was no considerable improvement in germination. The use of fungicides at 2.5 g/kg provided almost complete elimination of fungi and 8-10 percent increase in seed germination as compared to the use of fungicides at 2 g/kg.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

Studies on the mycoflora and its control on the seeds of some forest trees. I. Cedrus deodara

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
R. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Cedrus Deodara

By tests using standard moist blotters, potato–dextrose–agar plates, and moist sterilized sand, 26 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from seeds of Cedrus deodara Loud. Most of these fungi were present on seed surfaces and only nine caused deep-seated internal infections. Some of the more common species in different tests were Aspergillus flavus, A. luchuensis, Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium moniliforme, Pénicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae showed differences in pathogenicity to seed germination and seedling development in sterilized and unsterilized soils. Of the nine fungicides tested for the control of the seed-borne fungi, RH-2161, a liquid fungicide, was found to be the most effective. Dithane M-45 was also effective, whereas the remaining seven fungicides were less effective.

Sphingosine-related mycotoxins in plant and animal diseases

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Gilchrist ◽  
Richard M. Bostock ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Aal Toxin ◽  
Aal Toxins ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

The AAL-toxins and fumonisins are a group of chemically related phytotoxic congeners produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively, that also are widespread mycotoxins with important health implications. These mycotoxins, which bear a structural relationship to the sphingoid base, sphingosine, also incite maladies in animals ranging from neoplasms to renal, neural, and hepatic necrosis. A. alternata f. sp. lycopersici causes the Alternaria stem canker disease in tomatoes, while F. moniliforme causes pink ear rot of maize and is associated with post-harvest contamination of many different food staples. These toxins are potent inhibitors of ceramide synthase in plants and animals. Sphingoid bases are mediators of signal transduction leading to neoplasms and necrosis in animals. Significant inhibition of ceramide synthase in microsomal preparations of tomato occurs at 20 nM with an I50 in the range of 35–40 nM for both AAL-toxin, TA, and fumonisin, FB1. In plants, specific alterations of physiological processes associated with cellular response to these toxins appears to be required for cell death. A net decrease in sucrose influx to treated leaves occurs within 4 h of AAL-toxin treatment. Untreated leaves of toxin-resistant and -sensitive isolines of tomato show significant differences in sucrose transport capacity. Exogenous application of sucrose transport inhibitors mimicked AAL-toxin symptoms and enhanced cell death in susceptible lines of tomato. Conversely, the accumulation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACQ occurred in 1 h and increased rapidly during the next 6 h after exposure to AAL-toxin. ACC accumulation is followed by a burst in ethylene within 12 h. Application of specific inhibitors of ethylene synthesis or ethylene action results in a decrease in toxin-induced cell death. These toxins appear to be useful tools for defining biochemical and molecular features common to induced cell death in both plants and animals. Key words: AAL-toxins, fumonisins, mycotoxins, host-selective toxins, Alternaria stem canker, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium moniliforme.

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