scholarly journals Species- and age-dependent distribution of retinol and α-tocopherol in the Canidae family during the cold season

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Baishnikova ◽  
Tatiana Ilyina ◽  
Viktor Ilyukha ◽  
Konstantin Tirronen
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blue Fox

Vitamins A and E are known as nutrients involved in metabolic processes and facilitating the adaptation of animals. The metabolism of these vitamins is closely related to lipid metabolism, which has seasonal variations in animals inhabiting northern latitudes. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the cold season (October to February) in tissues of Canidae species that have different ecological characteristics: the blue fox (Vulpes syn. Alopex lagopus), silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), their interspecific hybrids (Vulpes×Vulpes), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and grey wolf (Canis lupus). In addition, age-related differences in the levels of these vitamins were determined. Results showed the distribution of retinol and α-tocopherol in the body of the canids was similar, with larger amounts being found in the liver and kidney cortex, which play a regulatory role in the metabolism of these nutrients. The higher retinol level in the liver of wolves and interspecific hybrids of blue fox and silver fox, as compared to the retinol level in the liver of other species, might be species-specific and could also be attributed to dietary differences. The blue fox and raccoon dog both have a higher capacity for α-tocopherol accumulation in the cold season, apparently due to their ability to store substantial fat reserves. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were generally higher in the tissues of mature animals.

scholarly journals Pineal Gland Morphology in Relation to Age and Season in Three Canidae Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kalinina ◽  
Viktor Ilyukha ◽  
Lyudmila Uzenbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Reticular Fibers ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Blue Fox ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological features of the pineal gland in three closely related Canidae species (raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834; silver fox, Vulpes vulpes L., 1758; and blue fox, Vulpes lagopus L., 1758) of different ages during the breeding (spring) and nonbreeding (winter) periods. Materials and Methods Histological analysis of the pineal glands of canids was performed. Results The morphological changes in the pineal gland detected in the current study are either age-associated, including increase in the reticular fibers and vascularization in the studied species, as well as increase in the amount of the protruding septae in the blue fox, or seasonally related, including an increase in the number and size of blood vessels. The present work reported two types of pigments: lipofuscin (primarily in the silver fox) and melanin (primarily in the raccoon dog and in the blue fox). The pineal gland in the blue fox is characterized by the ability to form corpora arenacea. Conclusions The present study provides the first insight into the morphological changes of the pineal gland in three closely related Canidae species of different ages during the breeding (spring) and nonbreeding (winter) periods, and showed some species-specific features of gland morphology. The aspects concerning the biogenesis of the calcium concretions and the factors influencing the accumulation of pigments need further investigation.

scholarly journals Comparison of the antioxidant system response to melatonin implant in raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 641-646
Author(s):  
Svetlana SERGINA ◽  
Irina BAISHNIKOVA ◽  
Viktor ILYUKHA ◽  
Marcin LIS ◽  
Stanislaw LAPINSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
System Response ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Silver Fox

Effects of Seasonality and Fasting on the Body Mass and Plasma Growth Hormone Concentrations of the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the Blue Fox (Alopex lagopus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Mari Mustonen ◽  
Petteri Nieminen ◽  
Heikki Hyvärinen ◽  
Juha Asikainen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Blue Fox ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Growth hormone (G H ) promotes growth and endochondral ossification, but it is also important in the response to fasting due to its effects of increasing gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. In this study eleven raccoon dogs and blue foxes were followed for six months and their body mass and GH levels were measured. In November half of the animals of both species were put to a three-week fast. There were no significant differences in the GH levels between the animals of different ages and the subadults and adults both had quite low GH levels in the summer. Fasting had no effect on the GH levels of the raccoon dogs, but the fasting blue foxes had lower GH concentrations than the controls in Nov 16th. The control blue foxes experienced a significant increase in the GH levels in early November and the fasting blue foxes in late November. The GH concentrations of all the raccoon dogs rose in early December. As fasting did not cause an elevation in the GH levels but the concentrations increased with decreasing temperature and shortening daylength, the autumnal GH secretion of these species could be regulated by endogenous seasonal rhythms entrained by exogenous Zeitgebers such as temperature or photoperiod. The autumnal increase of GH levels contributes to the response to fasting as an adaptation to survive the winter months with inadequate nutrition. The raccoon dog which spends the coldest part of the winter in winter sleep seems to be better adapted to a total fast than the actively wintering blue fox.

Assessment of fecal microbiota in farmed silver fox (Vulpes vulpes fulva) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Yongjia Peng ◽  
Zhaoxing Zhang ◽  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Shuncai Li ◽  
Qiumei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Silver Fox

scholarly journals Chromosomal Instability at Fragile Sites in Blue Foxes, Silver Foxes, and Their Interspecific Hybrids

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ◽  
Ewa Wójcik ◽  
Anna Grzesiakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Olga Szeleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Blue Fox ◽  
Chromosomal Fragile Sites ◽  
Karyotypic Variation

A cytogenetic assay based on fragile sites (FS) enables the identification of breaks, chromatid gaps, and deletions. In healthy individuals, the number of these instabilities remains low. Genome stability in these species is affected by Robertsonian translocations in the karyotype of the blue fox and by B chromosomes in the silver fox. The aims of the study were to characterise the karyotype of blue foxes, silver foxes, and their hybrids and to identify chromosomal fragile sites used to evaluate genome stability. The diploid number of A chromosomes in blue foxes ranged from 48 to 50, while the number of B chromosomes in silver foxes varied from one to four, with a constant number of A chromosomes (2n = 34). In interspecific hybrids, both types of karyotypic variation were identified, with the diploid number of A chromosomes ranging from 40 to 44 and the number of B chromosomes varying from 0 to 3. The mean frequency of FS in foxes was 4.06 ± 0.19: 4.61 ± 0.37 in blue foxes, 3.46 ± 0.28 in silver foxes, and 4.12 ± 0.22 in hybrids. A relationship was identified between an increased number of A chromosomes in the karyotype of the hybrids and the frequency of chromosomal breaks. The FS assay was used as a biomarker for the evaluation of genomic stability in the animals in the study.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Spermatozoa of Blue Fox (Alopex lagopus) and Silver Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Andraszek ◽  
Dorota Banaszewska ◽  
Olga Szeleszczuk ◽  
Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ◽  
Anna Grzesiakowska
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Sperm Length ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Shape Indices ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Blue Fox

The results presented in this study are the first such extensive characterization of the sperm morphometry of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and silver fox (Vulpes vulpes), as representatives of the family Canidae. Canine spermatozoa, especially the sperm of farmed foxes, are not often described in studies on reproduction. The aim of the study was a detailed comparison of the morphometric dimensions and shape of the sperm of two fox species: silver fox and blue fox. Semen collected from 10 silver foxes and 10 blue foxes was used for the study. The specimens were stained with silver nitrate. Measurements were performed of the length, width, perimeter, and area of the head; the area of the acrosome and its coverage; the length of the midpiece and its coverage; the length of the tail; and the length of the end piece of the tail. In addition, four head shape indices were calculated: ellipticity, elongation, roughness and regularity. The following values for the morphometric parameters and shape indices were obtained for blue fox and silver fox, respectively: head length—6.72 µm and 6.33 µm; head width—4.54.µm and 4.21 µm; head perimeter—18.11 µm and 17.37 µm; head area—21.94 µm2 and 21.11 µm2; acrosome area—11.50 µm2 and 10.92 µm2; midpiece length—12.85 µm and 12.79 µm; tail end piece length—3.44 µm and 3.28 µm; tail length—65.23 µm and 65.09 µm; acrosome coverage—52.43% and 52.83%; midpiece coverage—19.71% and 19.65%; sperm length—71.95 µm and 71.42 µm; ellipticity—1.49 and 1.52; elongation—0.19 and 0.20; roughness—0.84 and 1.88; regularity—1.09 and 0.99. The significance of differences between species was verified by Tukey’s test at p ≤ 0.05. Statistically significant differences between species were found for the following parameters: head length, width, perimeter and area; acrosome area; tail, end piece, and total sperm length; roughness and regularity. The differences in the size and shape of sperm can be used to establish reference patterns for fox sperm enabling more accurate species identification.

Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Hanlu Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Huazhe Si ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Zhongyuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Blue Fox
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