Detecting evolution trends in the recorded runoffs from the major rivers in China during 1950–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Q. Wang ◽  
X. L. Yan ◽  
J. Y. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Liu ◽  
J. L. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conservation Projects

Evolution trends as well as abrupt changes in recorded runoffs from the major rivers in China during 1950–2010 were investigated using the Mann–Kendall test and ordered clustering analysis. Results show that the recorded runoff series at ten key hydrometric stations on the major rivers in China are characterized by a general decreasing trend. A significant decrease has occurred at six stations: Yichang, Huayuankou, Guantai, Shixiali, Tieling and Haerbin stations, which are located on the northern major rivers. Abrupt changes in runoff series are detectable for the Yellow River (1986), the Hai River (1965 at Guantai station, 1970 at Shixiali station) and the Liao River (1965). The relationship between runoff and precipitation at these stations is different before and after the abrupt change. Intensive human activities, such as land use change, water conservation projects, water diversion projects and rapid increases in agricultural irrigation, are likely to be among the main causes of the abrupt changes in runoff. Effective strategies for water conservation and adaptation to climate change will be needed to ensure sustainable use of water resources and safeguard economic growth under China's 12th 5-year plan.

Responses of streamflow and sediment load to climate change and human activity in the Upper Yellow River, China: a case of the Ten Great Gullies Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1893-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
He Qing Huang ◽  
Mingan Shao ◽  
Wenyi Yao ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Annual Streamflow ◽  
Pettitt Test ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Yellow River

Soil erosion and land desertification are the most serious environmental problems globally. This study investigated the changes in streamflow and sediment load from 1964 to 2012 in the Ten Great Gullies area of the Upper Yellow River. Tests for gradual trends (Mann–Kendall test) and abrupt changes (Pettitt test) identify that significant declines in streamflow and sediment load occurred in 1997–1998 in two typical gullies. A comparison of climatic variability before and after the change points shows no statistically significant trends in annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Human activities have been very active in the region and during 1990–2010, 146.01 and 197.62 km2 of land were converted, respectively, to forests and grassland, with corresponding increases of 87.56 and 77.05%. In addition, a large number of check dams have been built up in the upper reaches of the ten gullies. These measures were likely responsible for the significant decline in the annual streamflow and sediment load over the last 49 years.

scholarly journals Causes of Variations in Sediment Yield in the Jinghe River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Zhang ◽  
Yizi Shang ◽  
Jinyong Liu ◽  
Jian Fu ◽  
Shitao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Jinghe River Basin ◽  
Jinghe River ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The Jinghe River remains the major sediment source of the Yellow River in China; however, sediment discharge in the Jinghe River has reduced significantly since the 1950s. The objective of this study is to identify the causes of sediment yield variations in the Jinghe River Basin based on soil and water conservation methods and rainfall analyses. The results revealed that soil and water conservation projects were responsible for half of the total sediment reduction; sediment retention due to reservoirs and water diversion projects was responsible for 1.3% of the total reduction. Moreover, the Jinghe River Basin has negligible opportunity to improve its vegetation cover (currently 55% of the basin is covered with lawns and trees), and silt-arrester dams play a smaller role in reducing sediment significantly before they are entirely full. Therefore, new large-scale sediment trapping projects must be implemented across the Jinghe River Basin, where heavy rainfall events are likely to substantially increase in the future, leading to higher sediment discharge.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS ON PERFORMANCE OF THE EMERGENCY NOURISHMENT PROJECT AT WEST BEACH OF BEIDAIHE, CHINA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiong Yang ◽  
Jiabo Zhang ◽  
Cuiping Kuang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Lulu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Large Scale Project

Beach erosion is prevalent on China’s 18,000 km-long coastline, which has been aggravating due to urban development, river-damming and soil and water conservation projects since late 1970s. Beach erosion threatens the health of beaches of bathing places throughout the world. An effective way to defense the beach erosion is beach nourishment. In this paper, the study on an experimental beach nourishment project, which was conducted to provide data and experience for a large-scale project, was detailed. Field survey was conducted to study the performance of the project. Before and after the project, 8 monitoring profiles had been kept measuring along with the berm positions. The beach profile measurement indicates that after a little retreat the beach got relatively equilibrium, while the berm measurement shown a broadened intertidal zone getting stable eventually. In a word, the filled beach was eroded a little but finally got relatively stable in the survey period.

Approach of Soil and Water Conservation on Desilting Highland in Typical Irrigation Area from the Lower Yellow River

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3668-3672
Author(s):  
Rui Feng Liu ◽  
Hai Bo Jiang ◽  
Xin Bing Liu ◽  
Liang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Highland Vegetation

Exampled by Weishan irrigated area, the largest irrigation area in the lower basin of Yellow River, this study summarizes the experience of erosion controlling on desilting highland for years and proposes comprehensive control modes including water diversion irrigation management. After taking the engineering measures such as land leveling, soil mulching and land planishing and the vegetation measures such as slope protection by highland vegetation and shelterbelt network, the desilting highland in Weishan irrigation area was overall controlled, soil erosion and ecological environment deterioration have been restrained effectively.

A DEMONSTRATION BUILDING PROJECT: PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY VALUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Mazin Bahho ◽  
Brenda Vale
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Eastern Institute ◽  
Building Project ◽  
Building Practice

ABSTRACT This article explores the relevance of the demonstration project as a strategy for inspiring contemporary building practice in a process towards sustainable building and as a tool for influencing environmental values in the community. The Log Cabin Project in Napier, New Zealand, is a demonstration facility for displaying sustainable building and living practices situated on the campus of the Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT). The project is the refurbishment of an existing structure designed to showcase the sustainable use of material resources, energy and water conservation, and waste-water management. The aim was to investigate the effect visiting a demonstration sustainable building might have on people’s knowledge of and attitude towards sustainability issues, and more specifically whether the methods for making a building more sustainable displayed in the building affected how people thought about their own living environments. In February 2016, five visitor groups, three of EIT students not previously connected with the project, one of EIT staff, and a local environment group were invited to view the project and surveys were conducted both before and after the visit with 126 participants completing both pre- and post-surveys. The research found improved scores after the visit in six of the seven survey measures of environmental knowledge, motives, and intentions, especially in the case of student visitor groups. The results also indicated promising increases in environmental values and concerns for environmental quality after the visit. Correlation between gender and sustainable action was not significant, however there was significant correlation between age and actions intended in the future where engagement was higher among young participant groups. Moreover, although many visitors had previously engaged with at least one pro-environmental activity before visiting the project (90%), 42% made at least one change as a result of the visit. These findings suggest the project was a catalyst for behaviour change. Discussions are centred on the usefulness of demonstration sustainable buildings as tools for fostering environmental protection practices.

scholarly journals Dynamic variations in salinity and potassium grade of a potassium-rich brine deposit in Lop Nor basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Ma ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Tang ◽  
Hui Yan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Underground Brine ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Mining History ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lop Nor

AbstractThe Quaternary Lop Nor playa is the largest production base of potassium sulfate in the world. It has a mining history of more than 10 years, and its share in the Chinese potassium sulfate market is about 50% to-date. In this basin, the high-salinity potassium-rich brines are mainly contained in Middle Pleistocene–Holocene glauberite strata. Based on the monitoring of the underground brine table and geochemical analysis, this study reveals variations in the underground brine table and potassium-bearing grade before and after large-scale mining in the Lop Nor potash deposit. The results showed that the underground brine table and potassium sulfate grade decreased by varying degrees over sub-mineral areas after large-scale mining. The underground brine table declined by 8.5 m, on average, in the Luobei depression, by 6.4 m in the Tenglong platform and by 1.9 m in the Xinqing platform. However, the potassium-bearing grade showed the different trend. The Tenglong platform had the largest decline with average decreases in layers W1, W2 and W3 of 18.2%, 13.0% and 24.8%, respectively. In the Xinqing platform, the average decrease in layersW2 and W3 were 17.4% and 16.0% respectively. The Luobei depression decreases were relatively small (W1, W2 and W3 decreased 4.3%, 4.2% and 3.1%, respectively). This research provides a theoretical basis for the rational development and sustainable use of the potassium-rich brines in the Lop Nor basin.

scholarly journals Effects of water and soil conservation works on runoff and sediment variation in the areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Wei Ying Sun ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jiang Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Soil And Water

The areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River is well known for its severe erosion, high sediment yields. Since 1982 when the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions has been built, the ecological environment has been gradually improved and the amount of sediment and runoff entering the Yellow River has been reduced continuously. Some researchers considered that it was owing to the water and soil conservation works (WSCW), while others believed that it was caused by the rainfall variation, but this has not been quantified for the effect respectively. This paper deals with the effects of WSCW on runoff and sediment variation. The study has been carried out in the Sanchuanhe River watershed, where was listed as one of the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions. The results show that the contribution rate of human activities was 80.2% after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 43.0% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 98.4%, and was 44.8% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). With regard to the influence on runoff reduction in the watershed, the contribution rate of human activities was 62.5% compared with the natural factors after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 28.4% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 69.6%, and was 37.0% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). The results revealed that human activities exerted the largest effects on the sediment reduction and explained 66.6% of the variation in the specific sediment yield. This study suggests that a combination of human activities and rainfall variation effectively reduces runoff and sediment delivery of the Loess Plateau. Generally The runoff reduction and contribution of rainfall variation to runoff reduction in this area were as large as human activities. After many years' harnessing the great benefit have been obtained in water and soil loss control in this watershed.

scholarly journals Relative Contribution of the Xiaolangdi Dam to Runoff Changes in the Lower Yellow River

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Qinghe Zhao ◽  
Shengyan Ding ◽  
Xiaoyu Ji ◽  
Zhendong Hong ◽  
Mengwen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Runoff Changes ◽  
Seasonal Runoff

Human activities are increasingly recognized as having a critical influence on hydrological processes under the warming of the climate, particularly for dam-regulated rivers. To ensure the sustainable management of water resources, it is important to evaluate how dam construction may affect surface runoff. In this study, using Mann–Kendall tests, the double mass curve method, and the Budyko-based elasticity method, the effects of climate change and human activities on annual and seasonal runoff were quantified for the Yellow River basin from 1961–2018; additionally, effects on runoff were assessed after the construction of the Xiaolangdi Dam (XLD, started operation in 2001) on the Yellow River. Both annual and seasonal runoff decreased over time (p < 0.01), due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Abrupt changes in annual, flood season, and non-flood season runoff occurred in 1986, 1989, and 1986, respectively. However, no abrupt changes were seen after the construction of the XLD. Human activities accounted for much of the reduction in runoff, approximately 75–72% annually, 81–86% for the flood season, and 86–90% for the non-flood season. Climate change approximately accounted for the remainder: 18–25% (annually), 14–19% (flood season), and 10–14% (non-flood season). The XLD construction mitigated runoff increases induced by heightened precipitation and reduced potential evapotranspiration during the post-dam period; the XLD accounted for approximately 52% of the runoff reduction both annually and in the non-flood season, and accounted for approximately −32% of the runoff increase in the flood season. In conclusion, this study provides a basic understanding of how dam construction contributes to runoff changes in the context of climate change; this information will be beneficial for the sustainable management of water resources in regulated rivers.

scholarly journals Assessing the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resources in the Bacchiglione basin (Veneto, Italy) with the Mann–Kendall test: suggestions for higher reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Meggiorin ◽  
Giulia Passadore ◽  
Silvia Bertoldo ◽  
Andrea Sottani ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Mann Kendall Test ◽  
Status Assessment

The social, economic, and ecological importance of the aquifer system within the Bacchiglione basin (Veneto, IT) is noteworthy, and there is considerable disagreement among previous studies over its sustainable use. Investigating the long-term quantitative sustainability of the groundwater system, this study presents a statistical methodology that can be applied to similar cases. Using a combination of robust and widely used techniques, we apply the seasonal Mann–Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator to the recorded groundwater level timeseries. The analysis is carried out on a large and heterogeneous proprietary dataset gathering hourly groundwater level timeseries at 79 control points, acquired during the period 2005–2019. The test identifies significant decreasing trends for most of the available records, unlike previous studies on the quantitative status of the same resource which covered the domain investigated here for a slightly different period: 2000–2014. The present study questions the reason for such diverging results by focusing on the method’s accuracy. After carrying out a Fourier analysis on the longest available timeseries, for studies of groundwater status assessment this work suggests applying the Mann–Kendall test to timeseries longer than 20 years (because otherwise the analysis would be affected by interannual periodicities of the water cycle). A further analysis of two 60-year-long monthly timeseries between 1960 and 2020 supports the actual sustainable use of the groundwater resource, the past deployment of the groundwater resources notwithstanding. Results thus prove more reliable, and meaningful inferences on the longterm sustainability of the groundwater system are possible.

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