scholarly journals Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water and river water in the Werribee Basin, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Barker-Reid ◽  
Ellen M. Fox ◽  
Robert Faggian
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water used for irrigation in the Werribee River Basin, Australia, including river water and reclaimed effluent water (reclaimed water). Samples of reclaimed water, collected over a one-year period, were screened for the occurrence of ARGs using PCR detection assays. The presence of ARGs in the reclaimed water samples were contrasted with that of water samples taken from the Werribee River Basin, collected over the same time period, from five points selected for varying levels of urban and agricultural impact. Of the 54 river water samples collected, 2 (4%), 2 (4%), 0 and 0 were positive for methicillin, sulfonamide, gentamicin and vancomycin-resistant genes, respectively, while 6 of 11 reclaimed water samples were positive for methicillin (9%) and sulfonamide (45%). The presence/absence of ARGs did not appear to correlate with other measured water quality parameters. The low detection of ARGs in river water indicates that, regardless of its poor quality, the river has not yet been severely contaminated with ARGs. The greater prevalence of ARGs in reclaimed water indicates that this important agricultural water source will need to be monitored into the future.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Three Rivers in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Chenyu Li ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Zhuosong Cao ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract Background: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become an important public health problem. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to analyze the composition of ARGs in certain original habitats of northeast China, comprising three different rivers and riverbank soils of the Heilongjiang River, Tumen River, and Yalu River. Results: Twenty types of ARG were detected in every water sample. The major ARGs were multidrug resistance genes, at approximately 0.5 copies/16s rRNA, accounting for 57.5% of the total ARG abundance. The abundance of multidrug, bacitracin, beta-lactam, macrolide‑lincosamide‑streptogramin, sulfonamide, fosmidomycin, and polymyxin resistance genes covered 96.9% of the total ARG abundance. No significant ecological boundary of ARG diversity was observed. The compositions of the resistance genes in the three rivers were very similar to each other, and 92.1% of ARG subtypes were shared by all water samples. Except for vancomycin resistance genes, almost all ARGs in riverbank soils were detected in the river water. About 31.05% ARGs were carried by Pseudomonas. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria carrying resistance genes were mainly related to diarrhea and respiratory infections. Multidrug and beta-lactam resistance genes correlated positively with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), indicating a potential risk of diffusion.Conclusions: The composition of ARGs in three different rivers was similar, indicating that climate played an important role in ARG occurrence. ARG subtypes in river water were almost completely the same as those in riverbank soil. ARGs had no significant geographical distribution characteristics. Many ARGs were carried by human pathogenic bacteria related to human diarrhea and respiratory infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas caviae. In general, our results provide a valuable dataset of river water ARG distribution in northeast China. The related ecological geography distribution characteristics should be further explored.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Environmental Bacteria from an Oxytetracycline Production Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Receiving River

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3444-3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Receiving River

ABSTRACT We characterized the bacterial populations in surface water receiving effluent from an oxytetracycline (OTC) production plant. Additional sampling sites included the receiving river water 5 km upstream and 20 km downstream from the discharge point. High levels of OTC were found in the wastewater (WW), and the antibiotic was still detectable in river water downstream (RWD), with undetectable levels in river water upstream (RWU). A total of 341 bacterial strains were isolated using nonselective media, with the majority being identified as Gammaproteobacteria. The MICs were determined for 10 antibiotics representing seven different classes of antibiotics, and the corresponding values were significantly higher for the WW and RWD isolates than for the RWU isolates. Almost all bacteria (97%) from the WW and RWD samples demonstrated multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, while in RWU samples, these were less frequent (28%). The WW and RWD isolates were analyzed for the presence of 23 tetracycline (tet) resistance genes. The majority of isolates (94.2% and 95.4% in WW and RWD, respectively) harbored the corresponding genes, with tet(A) being the most common (67.0%), followed by tet(W), tet(C), tet(J), tet(L), tet(D), tet(Y), and tet(K) (in the range between 21.0% and 40.6%). Class I integrons were detected in the majority of WW and RWD isolates (97.4% and 86.2%, respectively) but were not associated with the tet genes. We hypothesize that the strong selective pressure imposed by a high concentration of OTC contributes to the wide dissemination of tetracycline resistance genes and other antibiotic resistance genes, possibly through mobile genetic elements.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sediments Between Urban and Rural of the Liaohe River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangshui Na ◽  
Keyu Zhang ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Ruijing Li ◽  
Shuaichen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Liaohe River ◽  
Liaohe River Basin

Abstract Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) are considered to be emerging pollutants related to human activities. The rapid development of global urbanization has expanded human activities, thereby exacerbating the global human health risks caused by antibiotic resistance genes. The effects of urban and rural environments are multifarious, which makes the source and distribution of ARGs in the environment diversification. Understanding the distribution and spread of ARGs is essential for studying the environmental behavior of ARGs. In this study, the occurrence 296 genes were detected by the high-throughput qPCR technology, and FC value was used to analyze the diversity of ARGs and Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) in sediments between urban and rural areas of the Liaohe River Basin, China. The co-occurrence of MGEs and ARGs was analyzed using network to decipher core genes. A total of 187 ARGs and 10 MGEs were detected in all sediment samples. The average number of genes detected in urban sites is 89 higher than that in rural sites. The high abundance and various types of ARGs and MGEs detected in urban river sediments indicates that the occurrence of urban ARGs is more complex. MGEs were detected high levels and were significantly correlated with the abundance and diversity of ARGs in river sediments providing evidence that MGEs were related to the occurrence and distribution of ARGs and tnpA(tnpA-07, tnpA-01 and tnpA-03) gene were at the key position of co-occurrence of various types of ARGs.

scholarly journals Distribution and Influence on the Microbial Ecological Relationship of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil at a Watershed Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9748
Author(s):  
Yi-Long Hao ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Zu-Fei Xiao ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Ecological Relationship

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in the environment, with previous studies mainly focusing on the terrestrial ecosystem, which is prone to higher antibiotic application. However, the characteristics, distribution pattern, and driving factors of soil ARGs at the macro scale are still unclear. In this study, the soil ARGs, antibiotics, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), soil properties, toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and bacterial community in the Taipu River Basin were analyzed to investigate the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a watershed scale. The results revealed that ARGs were widespread in the soils along the Taipu River, and that ARG profiles varied greatly with different types of land use, but showed regional similarities. The characteristics were mainly determined by antibiotic input and the ARG transmission mediated by MGEs. The order of the contribution of environmental factors to ARG distribution was toxic metals > PAHs > soil properties. Toxic metal pollution was coupled with ARGs through MGE mediation, while PAHs and soil properties were most likely to affect the ARG distribution by shifting the bacterial community. The microbial–ecological relationship changed significantly with the enrichment of ARGs, and its impact may extend to the watershed scale. Transposon IS1247 can be used as an indicator of the ARGs impact on the microbial ecological relationship in the soils of the Taipu River Basin.

scholarly journals Genome-Resolved Metagenomics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Analysis in Reclaimed Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Changzhi Wang ◽  
Pei-Ying Hong
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Metagenomic Data

Water reuse is increasingly pursued to alleviate global water scarcity. However, the wastewater treatment process does not achieve full removal of biological contaminants from wastewater, hence microorganisms and their genetic elements can be disseminated into the reclaimed water distribution systems (RWDS). In this study, reclaimed water samples are investigated via metagenomics to assess their bacterial diversity, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) at both point of entry (POE) and point of use (POU) in 3 RWDS. The number of shared bacterial orders identified by metagenome was higher at the POE than POU among the three sites, indicating that specific conditions in RWDS can cause further differentiation in the microbial communities at the end of the distribution system. Two bacterial orders, namely Rhizobiales and Sphingomonadales, had high replication rates in two of the examined RWDS (i.e., site A and B), and were present in higher relative abundance in POU than at POE. In addition, MAG and ARG relative abundance exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.58) in POU, indicating that bacteria present in POU may have a high incidence of ARG. Specifically, resistance genes associated with efflux pump mechanisms (e.g., adeF and qacH) increased in its relative abundance from POU to POE at two of the RWDS (i.e., site A and B). When correlated with the water quality data that suggests a significantly lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration at site D than the other two RWDS, the metagenomic data suggest that low DOC is needed to maintain the biological stability of reclaimed water along the distribution network.

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