Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of surface water quality of Fuji River Basin, Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrestha ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Different multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate temporal and spatial variations of surface water-quality of Fuji river basin using data sets of 8 years monitoring at 13 different sites. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped thirteen sampling sites into three clusters i.e. relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) sites based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principal component analysis/factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to discharge and temperature (natural), organic pollution (point sources) in LP areas; organic pollution (point sources) and nutrients (non point sources) in MP areas; and organic pollution and nutrients (point sources) in HP areas. The discriminant analysis showed that six water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen) account for most of the expected temporal variations whereas seven water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen and ammonical nitrogen) account for most of the expected spatial variations in surface water quality of Fuji river basin.

scholarly journals Surface water quality assessment using hybrid multivariate statistical analysis and geographic information system based on integrated water quality index model for Maozhou River Basin, Guangdong, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Huiqing Yu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
Jing Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Evaluation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Water Quality Status

Abstract The river is a vital component of the water ecosystem in both urban and rural regions. However, its rapidly increasing pollutants are posing a severe threat for water ecosystem security. Using Multivariate statistical technique and Integrated water quality index model (IWQI) to evaluate surface water quality and its spatial distribution based on Geographic information system (GIS). This combinatorial model have been proved to be a feasible tool for evaluating surface water quality at large-scale basin. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of surface water quality, which were determined monthly from samples collected in the Maozhou River Basin Guangdong Province, China from 2018 to 2020. The results demonstrated that the surface water quality status of in the Maozhou River Basin has been steadily improved during the study period. The surface water quality of 82.17% of monitoring site reached the water quality target of function zones (surface water quality of the class V standards), with the IWQI values ranging from 12.118 to 3.650. By the end of 2019, black-odorous water in Maozhou River basin has disappeared from our sight. By 2020, the water quality status of the Maozhou River Basin has been steadily maintained at “Medium and good” level, and the main background pollutants for the water quality target of function zones is NH3-N. However, the some area in which the surface water quality still need to further improve is estuary and southwest tributary in the basin. This finding calls for further efforts to improve surface water quality and to properly deal with various sources of pollution in the watershed. It is concluded that this combined surface water quality evaluation model is more efficient and reasonable for surface water quality evaluation at a larger scale. It can provide scientific foundation for the water ecosystem management and planning in efficiently managing and evaluating surface water quality at river or basin scales.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal analysis of the surface water quality of the Pará River Basin through statistical techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Josiani Cordova de Oliveira ◽  
Kelly Prado Maia ◽  
Nara Linhares Borges de Castro ◽  
Sílvia Maria Alves Corrêa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
The Impact

Water quality issues are a growing concern due to the the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. This paper evaluates and compares the surface water quality of the ten sub-basins of the Pará River, located in the São Francisco River Basin, Minas Gerais, and evaluates the impact of seasonality and the compliance with the current limits of state legislation. The surface water quality monitoring database of the Institute of Water Management of Minas Gerais (Igam) was used, and 18 parameters were analyzed from a historical series from 2008 to 2016, totaling 16,651 observations. First, the descriptive statistics of the parameters were calculated, considering each sub-basin separately. Then, for the temporal and spatial analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical tests were applied, followed by the multiple comparison test, with an alpha level of 5%, due to the asymmetric behavior of the data. Thus, it was possible to compare water quality of the sub-basins in rainy and dry seasons and to identify which parameters were responsible for the greater degradation. In the compliance analysis to the current limits of state legislation, it was identified that all of the sub-basins were out of the specified range for at least one of the evaluated parameters. Finally, the seasonality analysis exposed significant differences in the parameters of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total suspended solids, total solids and water temperature, where it was shown that there was a worsening of water quality in the rainy season for most sub-basins.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam Using Water Quality Index and Statistical Approaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Giao ◽  
Phan Kim Anh ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted to spatiotemporally analyze the quality, location and critical water variables influencing water quality using water monitoring data from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Dong Thap province in 2019. The water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2−), nitrate (N-NO3−), ammonium (N-NH4+), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (P-PO43−), chloride (Cl−), oil and grease, sulfate (SO42−), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were collected at 58 locations with the frequency of four times per year (February, May, August, and November). These parameters were compared with national technical regulation on surface water quality—QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated and spatially presented by geographical information system (GIS) tool. Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the correlation among water quality parameters, group and reduce the sampling sites, and identify key parameters and potential water pollution sources. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the significant concerns impairing the water quality. Water quality was assessed from poor to medium levels by WQI analysis. CA suggested that the current monitoring locations could be reduced from 58 sites to 43 sites which can be saved the total monitoring budget up to 25.85%. PCA showed that temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2−, TN, P-PO43−, coliforms, and E. coli were the key water parameters influencing water quality in Dong Thap province’s canals and rivers; thus, these parameters should be monitored annually. The water pollution sources were possibly hydrological conditions, water runoff, riverbank erosion, domestic and urban activities, and industrial and agricultural discharges. Significantly, the municipal and agricultural wastes could be decisive factors to the change of surface water quality in the study area. Further studies need to focus on identifying sources of water pollution for implementing appropriate water management strategies.

scholarly journals EVALUATING SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND WATER MONITORING PARAMETERS IN THE TIEN RIVER, VIETNAMESE MEKONG DELTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Thanh Giao Nguyen ◽  
Vo Quang Minh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

The study aimed to evaluate the surface water quality of the Tien River and identify water quality parameters to be monitored using the water quality monitoring data in the period of 2011 - 2019. The water samples were collected at five locations from Tan Chau to Cho Moi districts, An Giang province for three times per year (i.e., in March, June, and September). Water quality parameters included temperature (oC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate (NO3--N), orthophosphate (PO43--P), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms. These parameter results were compared with the national technical regulation on surface water quality QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the sources of pollution and the main factors affecting water quality. The results of this study showed that DO concentration was lower and TSS, BOD, PO43--P, coliforms concentrations in the Tien river exceeded QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A1. pH, temperature, and NO3--N values were in accordance with the permitted regulation. The water monitoring parameters were seasonally fluctuated. DO, BOD, TSS, and coliforms concentrations were higher in the rainy season whereas NO3--N and PO43--P were higher in the dry season. The PCA results illustrated that pH, TSS, DO, BOD, PO43--P and coliforms should be included in the monitoring program. Other indicators such as temperature and NO3--N could be considered excluded from the program to save costs. 

scholarly journals Surface Water Pollution Risk From Vietnam Water Quality Index (VN-WQI) in the Ca Mau City, Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngan Ha ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Pham The Vinh ◽  
Tran Thi Van
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Sentinel 2

This paper presents the study of integrating the remote sensing technology with in-situ ground observation for assessing the status of water quality in Ca Mau city through the Vietnam Water Quality Index (VN-WQI). The Sentinel-2 image and in-situ surface water samples were collected on 20 February 2020 for this study. The sample results were then specified by samples’ coordination. Besides, Sentinel-2 imaging was processed by radiometric and atmospheric correction, geometric registration, and extracted pixel spectral values from the sample locations. The multiple linear regressions of seven water quality parameters including BOD5, COD, NH4, PO4, TSS, pH, Coliform with surface water’s pixel spectral values from the satellite images were calculated and used to simulate water quality parameters on the satellite image. They were integrated into the VN-WQI to estimate, classify, and evaluate the general surface water quality of the Ca Mau city. The results show that there is a regressive correlation between measured data and image spectral values, and the simulation also well fits with the data with an acceptable error. The surface water quality of Ca Mau city is heavily polluted with almost all water quality parameters recognized at B1 to above B2 level according to the QCVN08-MT:2015/BTNMT. In terms of VN-WQI, the results also illustrate the low quality of surface water and heavy pollution only used for water transportation, not for domestic use. This approach can be a powerful method in spatially monitoring water quality and supporting environment management.

scholarly journals Impacts of drought on the quality of surface water of the basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 14463-14493
Author(s):  
B. B. Huang ◽  
D. H. Yan ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
B. F. Cheng ◽  
X. H. Cui
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Abstract. Under the background of climate change and human's activities, there has been presenting an increase both in the frequency of droughts and the range of their impacts. Droughts may give rise to a series of resources, environmental and ecological effects, i.e. water shortage, water quality deterioration as well as the decrease in the diversity of aquatic organisms. This paper, above all, identifies the impact mechanism of drought on the surface water quality of the basin, and then systematically studies the laws of generation, transfer, transformation and degradation of pollutants during the drought, finding out that the alternating droughts and floods stage is the critical period during which the surface water quality is affected. Secondly, through employing indoor orthogonality experiments, serving drought degree, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration as the main elements and designing various scenario models, the study inspects the effects of various factors on the nitrogen loss in soil as well as the loss of non-point sources pollution and the leaching rate of nitrogen under the different alternating scenarios of drought and flood. It comes to the conclusion that the various factors and the loss of non-point source pollution are positively correlated, and under the alternating scenarios of drought and flood, there is an exacerbation in the loss of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil, which generates the transfer and transformation mechanisms of non-point source pollution from a micro level. Finally, by employing the data of Nenjiang river basin, the paper assesses the impacts of drought on the surface water quality from a macro level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface water quality and pollution in Lepenica river basin

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milanovic ◽  
Jelena Kovacevic-Majkic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Artificial Lakes

Lepenica river basin is axis of economic and urban development of Sumadija region. However, because of disorderly water regime of Lepenica river and its tributaries, it appears several hydrologic problems on this territory, as example insufficiency of drinking and irrigating water by one cite, and floods and torrents (especially in Kragujevac valley) by other cite. Particular problem is water quality and pollution in river basin. In this paper will be analyzed water quality of Lepenica river and artificial lakes, built in its river basin, according to the data of Republic Hydrometeorologic Institute of Serbia. Also, it will be present polluter cadastre in river basin.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Danube River in Terms of Usual Parameters and Correlation Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Romana Drasovean ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Gigi Constantinescu ◽  
Adrian Circiumaru
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Index Method

In order to determine the water quality of Danube River, in the Galati area, the Water Quality Index was calculated. Water Quality Index is a useful number of overall qualities of water. Galati is a Danube port city located in south-eastern of Romania. Samples were taken from 9 places along the Danube starting with the place where the Siret flows into the Danube to the Profiland Steel Plant. Profiland Steel is a company in Galai whose main activities are: sheet and zinc strips; treatment and coating of metals. The monitoring period was one year, from November 2016 to December 2017. Every month, thirty physical - chemical parameters were investigated. In this study the assessment of surface water quality was determined on the basis of various indicators such as: potassium and calcium ions, nitrites, nitrates, total nitrogen, ammonium, chlorides, total phosphorus, sulphates, cadmium, chrome, copper, lead, iron, zinc, density, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (CCO-Cr), biochemical oxygen demand (CBO5), electrical conductivity, the density of the conductivity, resistivity, pH, salinity, total dissolved solids. The water quality index (WQI) has been calculated by using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. Two types of correlations were developed: Pearson correlation matrix and Spearman correlation.

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