Analysis of flushing-path effects in water-distribution networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-745
Author(s):  
I. H. Hyun ◽  
S. Khishigjargal ◽  
Y. W. Chang ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
S. Dockko
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Water Amount

The unidirectional and conventional flushing methods are compared in this study and the water amount and flow velocity at junctions within an EPANET water distribution network are compared. In the unidirectional method, the necessary flow and water pressure for the minimum flow velocity for flushing become greater when pipe diameter exceeds a certain value. Therefore, the maximum length of flushable pipeline decreases. The velocity in a pipeline is not highly dependent on the number of open hydrants; in contrast, the velocity in a pipeline after conventional flushing increases with the number of open hydrants. The hydrant discharge flow is smaller in unidirectional flushing than in conventional flushing. However, the percentage of velocities above 1.0 m/s or 1.5 m/s in a flow is relatively higher in conventional flushing when multiple hydrants are open concurrently. Moreover, preplanning or choice of an exact target area is more necessary for unidirectional flushing than for conventional flushing. In this research, a flushing path that can generate optimum effects with less hydrant discharge flow can be observed when conventional and unidirectional flushing processes are applied to specific components in advance.

scholarly journals Optimizing Water Age and Pressure in Drinking Water Distribution Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kourbasis ◽  
Menelaos Patelis ◽  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Simulation And Optimization

Water distribution networks suffer from high levels of water losses due to leaks and breaks, mainly due to high operating pressure. One of the most well-known methods to reduce water losses is pressure management. However, when the operating pressure in a water distribution network reduces, the time the water stays within the network (called water age) increases. Increased water age means deteriorated water quality. In this paper, water pressure in relation to water age is addressed in a water distribution network in Greece. Using simulation and optimization tools, the optimum solution is found to reduce water age and operating pressure at the same time. In addition, District Metered Areas are formed and water age is optimized.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals Proposal of optimal operation strategy applied to water distribution network with statistical approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Fernando Das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
André Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Antonio Tosta dos Reis ◽  
Claudio Lindemberg de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Computational Optimization ◽  
Depth Analysis

 Inefficiency of sanitation companies’ operation procedures threatens the population’s future supplies. Thus, it is essential to increase water and energy efficiency in order to meet future demand. Optimization techniques are important tools for the analysis of complex problems, as in distribution networks for supply. Currently, genetic algorithms are recognized by their application in literature. In this regard, an optimization model of water distribution network is proposed, using genetic algorithms. The difference in this research is a methodology based on in-depth analysis of results, using statistics and the design of experimental tools and software. The proposed technique was applied to a theoretical network developed for the study. Preliminary simulations were accomplished using EPANET, representing the main causes of water and energy inefficiency in Brazilian sanitation companies. Some parameters were changed in applying this model, such as reservoir level, pipe diameter, pumping pressures, and valve-closing percentage. These values were established by the design of experimental techniques. As output, we obtained the equation of response surface, optimized, which resulted in values of established hydraulic parameters. From these data, the obtained parameters in computational optimization algorithms were applied, resulting in losses of 26.61%, improvement of 16.19 p.p. with regard to the network without optimization, establishing an operational strategy involving three pumps and a pressure-reducing valve.  We conclude that the association of optimization and the planning of experimental techniques constitutes an encouraging method to deal with the complexity of water-distribution network optimization.

scholarly journals Appraisal of water quality indices for service reservoirs in water distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Nyirenda ◽  
T. T. Tanyimboh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

Abstract The use of water quality indices to aggregate pollution loads in rivers has been widely studied, with researchers using various sub-indices and aggregation methods. These have been used to combine various quality variables at a sampling point in a river into an overall water quality index to compare the state of water quality in different river reaches. Service reservoirs in a water distribution network, like rivers, have complex mixing mechanisms, are subjected to various water quality variables and are variably sized and sited. Water quality indices and the relevant sub-indices are formulated here and applied to service reservoirs within a water distribution network. This is in an attempt to compare holistically the performance of service reservoirs in solutions of optimisation algorithms with regards to water quality.

scholarly journals A Framework for Identifying the Critical Region in Water Distribution Network for Reinforcement Strategy from Preparation Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9247
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Zhang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Yuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Network Disruption ◽  
Critical Regions

Water distribution networks (WDNs), an interconnected collection of hydraulic control elements, are susceptible to a small disturbance that may induce unbalancing flows within a WDN and trigger large-scale losses and secondary failures. Identifying critical regions in a water distribution network (WDN) to formulate a scientific reinforcement strategy is significant for improving the resilience when network disruption occurs. This paper proposes a framework that identifies critical regions within WDNs, based on the three metrics that integrate the characteristics of WDNs with an external service function; the criticality of urban function zones, nodal supply water level and water shortage. Then, the identified critical regions are reinforced to minimize service loss due to disruptions. The framework was applied for a WDN in Dalian, China, as a case study. The results showed the framework efficiently identified critical regions required for effective WDN reinforcements. In addition, this study shows that the attributes of urban function zones play an important role in the distribution of water shortage and service loss of each region.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network through Advanced Modelling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Chatzivasili ◽  
Katerina Papadimitriou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Model ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Student’S T

Water pressure management in a water distribution network (WDN) is a key component applied to achieve desirable water quality as well as a trouble-free operation of the network. This paper presents a hybrid, two-stage approach, to provide optimal separation of a WDN into District Metered Areas (DMAs), improving both water age and pressure. The first stage aims to divide the WDN into smaller areas via the Geometric Partitioning method, which is based on Recursive Coordinate Bisection (RCB). Subsequently, the Student’s t-mixture model (SMM) is applied to each area, providing an optimal placement of isolation valves and separating the network in DMAs. The model is evaluated on a realistic network generated through Watergems and is compared against one variation of it implemented, including the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) as well as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach, obtaining impressive performance. The implementation of both stages was deployed in a MATLAB environment through the Epanet toolkit. The proposed system is very promising, especially for large size WDNs due to the decreased running time and noteworthy reduction of pressure and water age.

scholarly journals Sensor placement for leak detection and location in water distribution networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sarrate ◽  
J. Blesa ◽  
F. Nejjari ◽  
J. Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Leak Detection And Location

The performance of a leak detection and location algorithm depends on the set of measurements that are available in the network. This work presents an optimization strategy that maximizes the leak diagnosability performance of the network. The goal is to characterize and determine a sensor configuration that guarantees a maximum degree of diagnosability while the sensor configuration cost satisfies a budgetary constraint. To efficiently handle the complexity of the distribution network an efficient branch and bound search strategy based on a structural model is used. However, in order to reduce even more the size and the complexity of the problem the present work proposes to combine this methodology with clustering techniques. The strategy developed in this work is successfully applied to determine the optimal set of pressure sensors that should be installed in a District Metered Area in the Barcelona water distribution network.

Study on Safety Evaluation Method for Water Distribution Networks Based on LS-SVM

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5003-5008
Author(s):  
Zhi Tao Wang ◽  
Jing Yu Su ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Svm Model

To evaluate the security of urban water distribution network, one model based on LS-SVM was put forth. On the basis of summary and analysis of influential factors for urban water distribution network security, a set of indexes used in the evaluation model above was constructed. The nonlinear mapping between the water distribution networks security classification and its conditions were learned from the finite samples and a water distribution network example was simulated using this model. In addition, the BP ANN model was used to simulate the same example. Through the analysis of the result of the actual security level, the security level acquired by the LS-SVM model and BP ANN model, it may be found that the result acquired by the LS-SVM model has high accuracy, and may used in actual engineering.

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