Optimization of hybrid coagulation-ultrafiltration process for potable water treatment using response surface methodology

Abstract In order to optimize the operating conditions for a combined polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation/flocculation and ultrafiltration process for treating potable water, the main, second order and interaction effects of PACl dose and flocculation retention time (FRT) on permeate turbidity, UV254 and membrane permeability were investigated using a 100 kDa hollow fiber membrane operated in the dead-end mode. A multilevel factorial design was used to determine the relevant ranges of the two factors for optimization. A 22 central composite design (CCD) was then used to develop mathematical correlation models for the optimum operating conditions. The main effect of PACl dose was the most significant factor on all the responses. For permeability, both the main effect of FRT and FRT–PACl dose interactions were found to be insignificant. The optimum PACl dose and FRT for the feed water were 20 mg/L and 14 min, respectively. Corresponding permeate turbidity, UV254 and permeability were 0.15 ± 0.01 NTU, 0.003 ± 0.001 cm−1 and 62.0 ± 9.52 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1, respectively. Experimental validation runs confirmed the reliability of the predicted optimal conditions thus implying that CCD models can be used to predict/optimize the quality and quantity of permeate from hybrid coagulation–ultrafiltration systems for potable water treatment.

Download Full-text

OTTER mathematical process simulation of potable water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2002.0012 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Head ◽

D. Shepherd ◽

G. Butt ◽

G. Buck

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Process Simulation ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Potable Water ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Water Area ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Process Plant ◽

Mathematical Process ◽

Potable Water Treatment

Process modelling has been used for many years in the chemical engineering field and more recently has become well established for as a tool for analysing and optimising the performance of wastewater treatment works. In the clean water area, models are routinely used for simulating distribution networks. In contrast, however, the use of modelling tools on potable water treatment works is relatively new and has yet to become well established. A range of tools have been suggested, including artificial neural networks, computational fluid dynamics and process simulation. WRc have developed a dynamic simulation package for predicting the performance of water treatment works, via models of individual processes. The software has a range of uses, including process and works optimisation, operational decision support, as a design aid and for training engineers and operators. The models are dynamic so that they predict the response of the treatment works to changes in flow, raw water quality and process operating conditions. The software has been used in a wide variety of applications, including optimising process plant operation to minimise cost and to investigate the reasons why a treatment works failed to meet its design criteria at the maximum design throughput.

Download Full-text

Determination of natural radionuclides in waste generated in the potable water treatment plants of the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco- Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences ◽

10.15392/bjrs.v7i2a.763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2A) ◽

Author(s):

Adriana Muniz De Almeida Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Potable Water ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

The United States ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Potable Water Treatment

The water purification procedure aims to obtain a product appropriate for human consumption, minimizing the presence of contaminants and toxic substances present in the water. Among these contaminants, some radionuclides of natural origin, such as uranium, thorium and their descendants, have been identified. Studies have shown that the stages of purification are quite effective in removing the radionuclides contained in water. The removal is due to co-precipitation of the radionuclides with the suspended materials and the precipitated material is accumulated and characterized as a Technologically Concentrated Natural Occurrence Radioactive Material (TENORM) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This residue can present significant levels of radioactivity and, when discarded in the environment without any treatment, can generate a problem of environmental impact and a risk to the health of the population. In this way, some gamma emitters of the series of U, Th and the K-40 were determined in the residues generated at the Potable Water Treatment Plants – PWTPs in six municipalities of Pernambuco. The results obtain corroborate the classification of the residues generated in the PWTPs as concentrators of the radioactive components contained in the water supplied to the system and reinforce the need for the release to the environment, which is the usual way of disposal of this waste, to be carried out only after considering the radiological protection standards established.

Download Full-text

Preloading of GAC by natural organic matter in potable water treatment systems: Mechanisms, effects and design considerations

Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—AQUA ◽

10.2166/aqua.2004.0037 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 469-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Walter J. Weber

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Potable Water ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Potable Water Treatment

Download Full-text

A CFD-based simulation study of a large scale flocculation tank for potable water treatment

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.032 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (1) ◽

pp. 208-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

K. Samaras ◽

A. Zouboulis ◽

T. Karapantsios ◽

M. Kostoglou

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Large Scale ◽

Potable Water ◽

Potable Water Treatment

Download Full-text

Dissolved air flotation in drinking water production

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0453 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 9-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. Schofield

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Potable Water ◽

Water Production ◽

Process Technology ◽

Dissolved Air Flotation ◽

Drinking Water Production ◽

Air Flotation ◽

Potable Water Treatment ◽

Dissolved Air

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) has become increasingly important in the field of potable water treatment, as a preferred option for treating upland and stored lowland waters. This paper outlines the development of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in potable water treatment, the benefits and disadvantages and the recent advances that has taken the process technology from an art to a science.

Download Full-text