Biodegradation of Wool Scouring Effluent on a Laboratory Scale

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2101-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Oellermann ◽  
T. Ronen ◽  
V. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Mixed Systems

A continuously fed, sequential anaerobic-aerobic-aerobic reactor system was used to treat wool scouring effluent. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the anaerobic reactor was reduced from 30500 mg/ℓ to 3000-5000 mg/ℓ. In the first aerobic reactor this was further reduced to 1200-1800 mg COD/l. The final discharge from the second aerobic reactor had a COD of 500-1000 mg/ℓ at a hydraulic retention time of 2-3 d. Nitrification was erratic but sufficient to reduce the ammonia-N to levels of 20 mg/ℓ and less. Mixed liquor suspended solids and volatile suspended solids could be maintained at sufficiently high levels in completely mixed systems and efficient biomass retention in the aerobic rotating biological contactor resulted in an overall removal of 98.4% COD.

scholarly journals Effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated constructed wetlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Pires da Silva ◽  
Gabriela Barbosa da Costa ◽  
João Gabriel Thomaz Queluz ◽  
Marcelo Loureiro Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Intermittent Aeration

   This study evaluated the effect of hydraulic retention time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal in an intermittently aerated constructed wetlands. Two horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands were used: one without aeration and the other aerated intermittently (1 hour with aeration/7 hours without aeration). Both systems were evaluated treating domestic wastewater produced synthetically. The flow rate into the two CWs was 8.6 L day-1 having a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. The results show that the intermittently aerated constructed wetland were highly efficient in removing COD (98.25%), TN (83.60%) and total phosphorus (78.10%), while the non-aerated constructed wetland showed lower efficiencies in the removal of COD (93.89%), TN (48.60%) and total phosphorus (58.66). These results indicate, therefore, that intermittent aeration allows the simultaneous occurrence of nitrification and denitrification processes, improving the removal of TN in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. In addition, the use of intermittent aeration also improves the performance of constructed wetlands in removing COD and total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Efektivitas IPAL portabel sebagai alternatif pengelolaan limbah cair domestik

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Ika Bagus Priyambada ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand

Di Indonesia, selain sebagai saluran air alamiah, sungai sering pula digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan air limbah kegiatan rumah tangga (domestik). Penggunaan teknologi yang efisien dan alami merupakan solusi sederhana dan murah untuk mengolah air limbah domestik dengan sistem desentralisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengolah air limbah domestik menggunakan IPAL portabel dengan dimensi kecil, sehingga aplikatif untuk skala rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Lingkungan, Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Universitas Diponegoro selama 3 bulan. Metode penelitian menggunakan IPAL portabel untuk mengolah air limbah domestik skala rumah tangga dengan sistem kontinu. Limbah domestik berasal dari kantin kampus Universitas Diponegoro. IPAL portabel menggunakan sistem kombinasi anaerob-aerob yang dilengkapi dengan bak penampung limbah awal, bak penangkap lemak dan bak efluen. Waktu tinggal hidrolis atau Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) dilakukan pada 3 variasi yaitu 4 jam, 8 jam dan 12 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi amoniak mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HRT 12 jam dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 60%. Konsentrasi awal sebesar 40,99 mg/l turun menjadi 16,4 mg/l. Konsentrasi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan minyak & lemak juga mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HRT 12 jam, masing-masing turun sebesar 71% dan 91% dari konsentrasi awal. IPAL portabel ini paling efektif dalam menyisihkan minyak & lemak.

Treatment of Domestic Strength Wastewater with Anaerobic Hybrid Reactors

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Droste ◽  
S.R. Guiot ◽  
S.S. Gorur ◽  
K.J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Solids Retention Time ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Hybrid Reactors

Abstract Anaerobic treatment of dilute synthetic wastewater (300-1,000 mg chemical oxygen demand/L using laboratory upflow sludge blanket filter reactors with and without effluent recycle is described. Treatment of dilute synthetic wastewater at hydraulic retention times less than 1 and 2 h in reactors without and with recycle, respectively, resulted in biomass washout as the solids retention time decreased to less than 12 d. Reseeding would be required to operate at these critical hydraulic retention times for extended periods. Treatment of dilute synthetic wastewater at hydraulic retention times between 3-12 h resulted in soluble COD removal efficiencies between 84-95% treating 300 mg COD/L. At a 3 h hydraulic retention time, solids retention time of 80 d and stable reactor biomass concentrations of 25 g volatile suspended solids/L were maintained.

Program on Treatment of the Landfill Leachate by Onland Planting Reed (Phragmites)

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2852-2855
Author(s):  
Kun Shi ◽  
Ming Zou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Waste Landfill

The microcosm tests were done to estimated the HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and removal efficiency of reflowing treatment of the landfill leachate collected from Dalian Maoyingzi Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, which contained high levels of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand, 38400 mg/L) and SS (Suspended Solids, 650 mg/L) by the reed constructed wetland located in the south area of Dalian Jiaotong University. The results showed that: (1) The HRT in nature soil cuboids were significant shorter than those in sieved soil cuboids (P<0.01); (2) The removal efficiency among the output water with the trend as follows: Preferential flow (53.9%)<Percolating water (59.2%)<Reflowing water (63.3%); (3) The COD and SS were decreased from 38400 and 650 mg/L to 14080 and 213 mg/L by the way of reflowing with the HSL (Hydraulic Surface Loading) of 0.16 m3/(m2·d) by reflowing (Removal efficiency: COD: 63.3%; SS: 67.3%).

Domestic wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland system planted with rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2376-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwasa Kantawanichkul ◽  
Wanida Duangjaisak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The experiments were conducted in four concrete laboratory scale free water surface constructed wetland units 1 m wide, 1.5 m long and 0.8 m deep. Paddy field soil was added to a depth of 0.4 m and rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were transplanted into the units at a density of 25 plants/m2. Domestic wastewater collected from Chiang Mai University was applied into each unit via two different modes to evaluate suitable conditions for wastewater treatment and rice yield. In the first experiment, the wastewater was fed intermittently (7 h/day) with a hydraulic loading rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm/day. The maximum removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were only 49.1, 58.7, 64.0 and 59.4%, respectively, due to the short hydraulic retention time for the biodegradation of organic substances. In the second experiment, the wastewater in each unit was inundated to a depth of 15 cm for 10, 15, 20 and 25 days in each unit and then drained and re-flooded. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were greater than in the first experiment especially at the 25 day retention time and except for suspended solids met the Thai national effluent standard. The study revealed that apart from wastewater treatment, wastewater can replace natural water to grow rice in the dry season or throughout the year. Moreover, nutrients in wastewater can be a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Rice grain production was 4,700 kg/ha and only 6% less than the production from the conventional paddy field.

Efficiency of Packed Cage RBC System for Treatment of Wastewater Containing Surfactants

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntud Sirianuntapiboon ◽  
Panthong Srikattanaprom
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiencies of a packed cage rotating biological contactor (RBC) system under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16 h declined from 93.90% to 78.58% and 78.61% and 96.27% to 84.83% and 87.93%, respectively, with an increase of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and triton X-100 loading from 0.00 to 1.25 mg/m2·d. Reactor no. 1 of the system changed to anaerobic when the system was operated under an HRT of 8 h with surfactant loading of up to 2.55 mg/m2·d. However, reactor no. 2 of the system was aerobic and the dissolved oxygen was higher than 3.00 mg/L. The study showed that this type of packed cage RBC system could be applied for treating the cosmetic industry wastewater with surfactant loading of up to 2.55 mg/m2·d under an HRT of 8 h.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Hydraulic Retention Time (Hrt) Terhadap Removal Chemical Demand (Cod) Dalam Pengolahan Air Lindi Menggunakan Aerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Elli Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Start Up

Sampah merupakan masalah utama disetiap kota besar di indonesia. Tumpukan sampah menghasilkan air lindi dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Beban organik yang tinggi dan meningkatnya laju alir lindi memerlukan kolam aerasi yang luas untuk mengolah lindi. Salah satu metode pengolahan air lindi yang tepat dan efisien dengan menggunakan proses anaerobik. Anaerobic Fludized Bed Reaktor (AFBR) merupakan salah satu reactor anaerobic dengan efisiensi tinggi. Zeolit digunakan sebagai media imobilisasi bakteri untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan secara anaerobic pada reactor AFBR. Penyesuaian model kinetika dilakukan pada tahap awal menggunakan data reactor fase batch untuk diaplikasikan pada AFBR fase continyu. Model kinetika untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) terhadap removal Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) AFBR dengan zeolit sebagai media imobilisasi. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam tiga fase, yaitu fase batch, fase start-up, dan fase steady state. Fase batch bertujuan untuk menentukan konstanta model kinetika. Fase start-up bertujuan untuk memverifikasi konstanta model yang ditentukan dengan data batch pada AFBR saat masa start up. Fase steady state bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh HRT selama reactor beroperasi. Reaktor AFBR mencapai kondisi steady state tercepat pada HRT 10 dengan removal COD 73,40%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa mikroorganisme tidak mengalami washout bahkan pada laju beban organik yang lebih tinggi sehingga mikroorganisme dapat menstabilkan populasinya. Data menunjukkan bahwa sCOD effluen (SCODeff) lindi TPA Piyungan mencapai nilai terendah pada kisaran 2.000 – 2.500 mg/L, Produksi biogas mengikuti fluktuasi nilai sCODeff. Pada kondisi steady state, nilai ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh HRT.

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