Scale Effects of Sediment-Related Transport of Phosphorus

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bolton ◽  
T. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Stream Type

Sediment and nutrient data from USGS gauged stream sites in New Mexico and from rainfall simulation experiments were compiled and analyzed. Above a suspended sediment concentration of about 500 mg/l, associated concentrations of total phosphorus are highest in overland flow and then progressively decrease from agricultural drains to ephemeral washes to undammed rivers. Within a stream type, sediment-related concentrations of total phosphorus typically differed between larger and smaller basins. Small rivers had higher phosphorus transport per unit of sediment load than larger rivers. Small and medium sized washes had different relationships between phosphorus and sediment than did large and very large washes.

scholarly journals Changes in land-use and their impact on erosion rates and overland flow generation in the Maghreb region

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O.A. Coelho ◽  
A. J.D. Ferreira ◽  
A. Laouina ◽  
A.-K. Boulet ◽  
M. Chaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Erosion Rates

The ongoing intensification of grazing as well as the replacement of traditional land management systems in the Maghreb has brought to the forefront the fundamental role of land-use in determining soil erosion hazard. This paper reports on erosion rates and soil hydrological characteristics of a variety of land uses in Morocco and Tunisia. The results were obtained through rainfall simulation experiments carried out in the field using a portable simulator, following the design of CERDÀ et al. (1997). Traditional land management systems - typically involving a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry - produced the least amounts of overland flow and the lowest soil erosion rates. Over-exploitation of these systems apparently has only minor hydrological and erosional impacts. Heavily grazed, degraded "maquis" shrublands, on the other hand, produced considerable amounts of overland flow. At the plot scale of the rainfall simulation experiments (0.24 m2), the corresponding sediment loads are rather insignificant. Nevertheless, slopes where "maquis" shrublands (which generally have very compacted soils) occur upslope from more erodible soils may present a major erosion hazard.

scholarly journals Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment using rainfall simulation experiments

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Keesstra ◽  
J. Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
A. Novara ◽  
A. Giménez-Morera ◽  
M. Pulido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Straw Mulch

An analysis of total phosphorus transport in river systems

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 91-92 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Verhoff ◽  
D. A. Melfi ◽  
S. M. Yaksich
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
River Systems

Biogeochemical Fluxes across Piedmont Slopes of the Jornada Basin

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athol D. Abrahams ◽  
Melissa Neave
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Basin And Range Province ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Biogeochemical Fluxes ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Jornada Basin ◽  
And Function

This chapter is an overview of recent studies of the movement of water, sediment, and nutrients across a principle piedmont slope, or bajada, of the Jornada Basin. Bajadas are extensive, gently sloping surfaces formed by the coalescence of alluvial fans and are a major landscape component of the basin and range province. Over the past four decades a considerable body of research has elucidated the form and function of alluvial fans (Bull 1977; Blair and McPherson 1994; Harvey 1997), but less attention has been paid to bajadas. In particular, the bajadas most neglected are those where channels converge and diverge at irregular intervals downslope. This type of bajada is found at the base of Summerford Mountain, the northernmost peak of the Doña Ana Mountains on the western edge of the Jornada Basin. For convenience, this bajada is hereafter referred to as the Summerford bajada. The research has involved rainfall simulation experiments on small plots, monitoring of two small watersheds on this bajada, and computer modeling of the processes operating in these watersheds and over the bajada as a whole. A detailed understanding of the hydrology and hydraulics of overland flow on this bajada requires a numerical model of the rainfall-runoff process. The objective of this chapter is to detail the model and draw conclusions from model simulations about hydrologic transports of sediment and nutrients across this bajada. Because these piedmonts are important surfaces in this desert (chapter 2) an understanding of their hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics is crucial to understanding landscape dynamics in the basin and throughout arid regions. Summerford Mountain is a steep-sided, rocky inselberg (i.e., isolated mountain) that rises 380 m above the surrounding bajada to an elevation of 1,780 m. The mountain is composed of monzonite porphyry of Oligocene age (Seager et al. 1976) and has a fringing bajada on its northern and eastern sides. This study focuses on the bajada to the east, which extends 2.5 km to the basin floor at an average gradient of 4%.

Rainfall simulation experiments as a tool for process research in soil science, hydrology, and geomorphology

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-418
Author(s):  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Martin Neumann ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
Tomáš Laburda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Research ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Simulation Experiments

scholarly journals What Discharge Is Required to Remove Silt and Sand Downstream from a Dam? An Adaptive Approach on the Selves River, France

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Loire ◽  
Loïc Grosprêtre ◽  
Jean-René Malavoi ◽  
Olivier Ortiz ◽  
Hervé Piégay
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Operational Tests

An increasing number of scientific studies are tackling the management of discharges downstream of dams for environmental objectives. Such management is generally complex, and experiments are required for proper implementation. This article present the main lessons from a silt sand removal experiment on a bypassed reach of a dam on the Selves River (164 km²), France. Three four-hour operational tests at maximum discharge (10, 15, and 20 m3/s) were carried out in September 2016 to determine the discharge required for transporting as much silt and sand as possible without remobilizing coarser sediments. In September 2017, an additional flow release was performed over 34 h at 15 m3/s. Suspended sediment concentration and water level were recorded throughout the releases. Monitoring at the reach scale was supplemented by morphological measurements. The results demonstrate that a discharge of approximately 10 m3/s enables significant transport of suspended sediments (SS), whereas a discharge of 15 m3/s enables significant sand transport. The results provide operational information on silt and sand transport applicable to other small rivers. This study represents an important contribution to the relatively sparse existing body of literature regarding the effects of water releases and sediment state. Our study also demonstrates that it is possible to successfully undertake water releases in small rivers with an adaptive management approach.

scholarly journals Sediment Load and Suspended Sediment Concentration Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bečvář Martin
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Annual Sediment

Sediment is a natural component of riverine environments and its presence in river systems is essential. However, in many ways and many places river systems and the landscape have been strongly affected by human activities which have destroyed naturally balanced sediment supply and sediment transport within catchments. As a consequence a number of severe environmental problems and failures have been identified, in particular the link between sediments and chemicals is crucial and has become a subject of major scientific interest. Sediment load and sediment concentration are therefore highly important variables that may play a key role in environment quality assessment and help to evaluate the extent of potential adverse impacts. This paper introduces a methodology to predict sediment loads and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in large European river basins. The methodology was developed within an MSc research study that was conducted in order to improve sediment modelling in the GREAT-ER point source pollution river modelling package. Currently GREAT-ER uses suspended sediment concentration of 15 mg/l for all rivers in Europe which is an obvious oversimplification. The basic principle of the methodology to predict sediment concentration is to estimate annual sediment load at the point of interest and the amount of water that transports it. The amount of transported material is then redistributed in that corresponding water volume (using the flow characteristic) which determines sediment concentrations. Across the continent, 44 river basins belonging to major European rivers were investigated. Suspended sediment concentration data were collected from various European basins in order to obtain observed sediment yields. These were then compared against the traditional empiric sediment yield estimators. Three good approaches for sediment yield prediction were introduced based on the comparison. The three approaches were applied to predict annual sediment yields which were consequently translated into suspended sediment concentrations. SSC were predicted at 47 locations widely distributed around Europe. The verification of the methodology was carried out using data from the Czech Republic. Observed SSC were compared against the predicted ones which validated the methodology for SSC prediction.

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