NDBEPR PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN SBRs: REDUCTION OF EXTERNAL CARBON-SOURCE AND OXYGEN SUPPLY

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Demuynck ◽  
Peter Vanrolleghem ◽  
Carine Mingneau ◽  
Jan Liessens ◽  
Willy Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

In SBR plants for nutrient removal it is often necessary to add supplementary rbCOD during the anoxic phase to obtain complete nitrogen removal. In addition to the aeration, this supply of high-quality BOD is a non-negligible part in the operating costs. Because of the complexity of the bighly interconnected biological processes a heuristic approach for process optimization is hardly possible. Therefore the Nitrification Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) model of Wentzel et al. and a numerical optimization a1goritbm were used to optimize SBR time scheduling, i.e. minimize both effluent concentrations and operating costs. It was found that a sequence of short aerobic/anoxic phases appears to be better than the usual sequence (one aerobic phase followed by one anoxic phase). This result was validated on a 500 I scale SBR. The optimized process saves up to 50% on extra BOD supply and up to 30% on aeration time. Moreover, it was shown that these cost savings were not at the expense of the phosphorus removal efficiency or the nitrification rate. From an additional numerical optimization it was seen that the ideal SBR time scheduling may depend on the loading. Therefore. a control strategy hased on OUR and ORP measurements is proposed.

Green Synthesis and Enhanced CO2 Capture Performance of Perfluorinated Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 and MIL-140 Topology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Anna Donnadio ◽  
Mariolino Carta ◽  
Claudio Sangregorio ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cerium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Adsorbed Solution ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

Reaction of cerium ammonium nitrate and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid in water afforded two new metal-organic frameworks with UiO-66 [F4_UiO-66(Ce)] and MIL-140 [F4_MIL-140A(Ce)] topologies. The two compounds can be obtained in the same experimental conditions, just by varying the amount of acetic acid used as crystallization modulator in the synthesis. Both F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) feature pores with size < 8 Å, which classifies them as ultramicroporous. Combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that both compounds contain a small amount of Ce(III), which is preferentially accumulated near the surface of the crystallites. The CO<sub>2</sub> sorption properties of F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) were investigated, finding that they perform better than their Zr-based analogues. F4_MIL-140A(Ce) displays an unusual S-shaped isotherm with steep uptake increase at pressure < 0.2 bar at 298 K. This makes F4_MIL-140A(Ce) exceptionally selective for CO<sub>2</sub> over N<sub>2</sub>: the calculated selectivity, according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory for a 0.15:0.85 mixture at 1 bar and 293 K, is higher than 1900, amongst the highest ever reported for metal-organic frameworks. The calculated isosteric heat of CO<sub>2 </sub>adsorption is in the range of 38-40 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, indicating a strong physisorptive character.

Economic and environmental optimization of phosphorus removal

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clauson-Kaas ◽  
T. Sander Poulsen ◽  
B. Neergaard-Jacobsen ◽  
T. Guildal ◽  
C. Thirsing
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Operational Cost

Do operating costs conform to environmental impact after introduction of charges on discharge of wastewater? A study on optimization of phosphorus removal at two Danish wastewater removal plants shows that this is actually the case. By measurement of inlet and outlet concentrations and of chemicals added it was possible to determine the relationships between chemical dosing and phosphorus discharge and thus calculate the operational cost and environmental impact of different dosing/discharge levels.

scholarly journals PERANAN KOPERASI SEBAGAI BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI PANCASILA DI ERA DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Wiwi Warsiati ◽  
Tiris Sudartono ◽  
Riana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cooperative Governance

The role of cooperatives on the economy in Indonesia is still low due to low performance and cooperative governance not based on good cooperative governance. Cooperatives find it difficult to develop because they are unable to keep up with changes in the digital era. Pancasila economics was explored and built on the values adopted in Indonesian society which put forward the principles of humanity, nationalism, and cooperative democracy demanded to make a transformation so as not to be left behind by members and society. The Kopti cooperative consists of entrepreneurs who know tempeh has the potential to make changes because the quality of human resources is better than other cooperatives. Cooperatives must build creative and innovative characters for cooperative mobilizers through education and training. Cooperative in the digital era by implementing Information Networks, e-commerce online stores that have advantages such as Cost Savings, Potential Income, Extensive sales, Ease in targeting customers, Facilitating the process when orders increase Keywords: cooperatives, digital era

scholarly journals Results from a Psychology OER pilot program: faculty and student perceptions, cost savings, and academic outcomes

Open Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Juliana Magro ◽  
Sara V Tabaei
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Open Textbooks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pedagogical Changes ◽  
Better Than

This case study describes the library’s experience of collaborating with an undergraduate Psychology Department at Touro College to integrate open textbooks into their program. We discuss the pedagogical changes as well as explore the impact of Open Educational Resources (OER) on students’ savings, their academic outcomes and perceptions of OER. Furthermore, we highlight the successes and shortcomings in having the library as a central OER partner. To measure the results, we surveyed students and conducted a faculty survey and a focus group, in addition to analyzing the students’ final grades. This pilot program delivered strong results. The students’ perception was very positive, and faculty’s opinions on the textbooks used were mixed. Some professors felt that the textbook lacked important content, but because of its openness, they added their own content to the book. Students enrolled in OER courses performed better than those enrolled in the same courses using a commercial textbook.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN SISTEM BARCODE UNTUK MENDUKUNG PAPERLESS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEUNTUNGAN FINANSIAL DAN OPERASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Danny Ong
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Business World ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Financial Cycle ◽  
World Today ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Physical Paper

The use of physical paper in the business world today has become a consideration as a waste that can affect the company's financial cycle. The saving of using documents without using physical paper is one way to reduce the company's operating costs, especially for companies that have offices and also some factories in running their businesses. The operational process of non-physical documents is supported by the use of barcodes so that the use of paper is very minimal and management can reduce the company's operational costs to the maximum. This study aims to make observations and analysis of barcode usage related to the effectiveness and efficiency in terms of employee performance and especially financial savings. The results of the study show that in terms of operational expenses of the company that there are benefits of cost savings on physical paper purchases and also employee performance is quite significantly increased in carrying out daily operations because entering data can be done semi-automatically.

Gas Turbine Cleaning Upgrade (Compressor Wash)

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Power Recovery ◽  
Blade Loads ◽  
Engine Development

The influence of gas turbine degradation on operating costs is high. Gas turbine cleaning is one of many actions taken for power recovery and is considered preventive maintenance. It is generally performed within the industrial and occasionally within the aero sector. Following a survey about potential for cost reduction in gas turbine operation the cleaning issue appears to be overlooked from an engineering point of view and there is a large potential for efficiency improvements. Engine development with corresponding high blade loads and ever-increasing temperatures require more efficient and careful cleaning methods. Together with emission taxes and environmental regulations, optimized cleaning methods will play an ever-growing role in future gas turbine operation. In order to achieve cost effectiveness regarding hardware, man-hour and consumables a new cleaning method has been evaluated for a standard process. The economic evaluations show that a standardisation of cleaning with the new method would enable the aviation sector to perform engine cleaning on a routine basis as well as the stationary sector to make significant cost savings in equipment purchase and operation.

An enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) control strategy for sequencing batch reactors (SBRs)

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Dassanayake ◽  
R. L. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Past Research ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

A control strategy was developed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Unlike past research that focused on maximizing polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA) formation during the anaerobic period, this study investigated some of the factors that govern aerobic PHA dynamics and its efficient regulation during phosphate (P) uptake. Influent COD, influent P, and the time for aeration were critical factors that governed PHA use and P uptake during aerated react. Unnecessary PHA oxidation (i.e., in the absence of extracellular P) occurred if the time for aerated react exceeded the time required for P uptake. By adjusting the aeration time to that required for P uptake, residual PHA was sustained in the SBR and excess phosphate uptake reaction potential (PRP) was generated for use during transient influent excursions in P. Unlike space oriented systems, the time for react is simply adjusted in the SBR. Because residual PHA is easily maintained once achieved, high influent COD events can be harnessed to increase or sustain excess PRP for management of expected variations in influent P.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF LIGHT QUARK MASSES IN QCD

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 5223-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. DOMINGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Strange Quark ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Light Quark ◽  
Qcd Sum Rules ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

The standard procedure to determine (analytically) the values of the quark masses is to relate QCD two-point functions to experimental data in the framework of QCD sum rules. In the case of the light quark sector, the ideal Green function is the pseudoscalar correlator which involves the quark masses as an overall multiplicative factor. For the past thirty years this method has been affected by systematic uncertainties originating in the hadronic resonance sector, thus limiting the accuracy of the results. Recently, a major breakthrough has been made allowing for a considerable reduction of these systematic uncertainties and leading to light quark masses accurate to better than 8%. This procedure will be described in this talk for the up-, down-, strange-quark masses, after a general introduction to the method of QCD sum rules.

Mixing-rules calculations and AAMD simulations for EOSs of deuterium–xenon mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1404-1408
Author(s):  
Zhencen He ◽  
Zhimin Hu ◽  
Yong Hou ◽  
Jiamin Yang ◽  
Jianmin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Self Consistency ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

We present the calculated equations of state (EOSs) for deuterium–xenon mixtures using mixing rules. Three mixing rules, which are the ideal rule, volume rule, and pressure rule, were used for the calculations, and the thermodynamic self-consistency was evaluated. The volume rule predicts the pressures of mixtures rather accurately, but it fails in the predictions of energies. The pressure ionization has an impact on energy and pressure. Furthermore, the calculated results of the mixing rules were compared with average-atom molecular dynamics (AAMD) simulations, and the pressure rule performs better than the ideal and volume rules over the investigated range.

scholarly journals Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and Interim Therapeutic Restoration: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afnan Saber ◽  
Azza El-Housseiny ◽  
Najlaa Alamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Approach ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

This review discusses the techniques and uses of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and interim therapeutic restoration (ITR) and states the differences between these two approaches. ART and ITR are similar approaches and are performed using the same material, but they differ in the purpose of their use. ART is used in cases when there are obstacles to reaching dental care units and has been proven to have high success rates in primary and permanent dentitions. ITR is used as a temporary restoration that will be replaced with a more definitive one. ITR is used in cases when the ideal dental treatment cannot be performed. Conventional glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) restorative cement (GIC) is the material of choice that has been used for ART and ITR. This is because of its fluoride release properties, including its ability to bond to enamel and dentine, its pulpal biocompatibility, and its ease of manipulation. High-viscosity glass ionomer performed better than low and medium-viscosity glass ionomer in ART. Combining GIC with conditioner, as well as the use of a chemo-mechanical approach, improved the success rate of ART. Both ATR and ITR are acceptable strategies, with success rates comparable to the traditional treatment methods.

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