Overview of the Anaerobic Toxicity Caused by Organic Forest Industry Wastewater Pollutants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
J. A. Field ◽  
S. Kortekaas ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Wood Resin ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
Bioassay Data ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants ◽  
Pulping Liquors ◽  
The Impact

Numerous types of organic environmental pollutants are encountered in forest industry effluents which potentially could inhibit consortia of anaerobic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to collect anaerobic bioassay data from the literature to better estimate the impact of these pollutants on anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. The most important methanogenic inhibitors in forest industry wastewaters are wood resin, chlorophenols and tannins. These compounds account for toxicity in alkaline pulping liquors, bleaching effluents and debarking wastewaters, respectively. Adaptation to chlorophenol toxicity can be expected since they are eventually degraded in anaerobic systems. Wood resin compounds, on the other hand, are not biodegraded anaerobically and therefore their toxicity is persistent. Toxicity in forest industry wastewaters does not necessarily preclude anaerobic treatment. A variety of techniques can be employed to diminish inhibition, such as dilution and detoxification treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Mark W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Load Management ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The forest industry tends to plan, and model transportation costs based on the potential payload benefits of increased legal gross vehicle weight (GVW) by deploying different configurations, while payload benefits of a configuration can be significantly influenced by the vehicle design tare weight. Through this research the relative benefit of increased legal GVW of different configurations is compared across Australia over a 13-year period from 2006 to 2019, by examining data collected post operation across multiple operations. This approach is intended to offer realistic insight to real operations not influenced by observation and thus reflect long-term operating behaviour. The inclusion of the three most common configuration classes in Australian forestry over a 13-year period has also allowed the exploration of load management between configurations and potential trends over time. When considering the legal GVW and the tare weight impacts across the fleets, the semi-trailer has an 8 t payload disadvantage compared to B-Doubles and 19.6 t disadvantage compared to road trains.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization Sustainable Forest Supply Chain Considering Discount in Transportation System and Supplier Selection under Uncertainty

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Komeyl Baghizadeh ◽  
Dominik Zimon ◽  
Luay Jum’a
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Tactical Decisions ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Forest Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades, the forest industry has been growingly expanded due to economic conditions, climate changes, environmental and energy policies, and intense demand changes. Thus, appropriate planning is required to improve this industry. To achieve economic, social and environmental goals, a supply chain network is designed based on a multi-period and multi-product Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model in which the objective is to maximize the profit, minimize detrimental environmental effects, improve social effects, and minimize the number of lost demands. In addition, to improve forest industry planning, strategic and tactical decisions have been implemented throughout the supply chain for all facilities, suppliers and machinery. These decisions significantly help to improve processes and product flows and to meet customers’ needs. In addition, because of the presence of uncertainty in some parameters, the proposed model was formulated and optimized under uncertainty using the hybrid robust possibilistic programming (HRPP-II) approach. The -constraint technique was used to solve the multi-objective model, and the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method was utilized to solve the model of more complex dimensions. A case study in Northern Iran was conducted to assess the efficiency of the suggested approach. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of important parameters on objective functions. The results of this study show that increasing the working hours of machines instead of increasing their number, increasing the capacity of some facilities instead of establishing new facilities and expanding the transport fleet has a significant impact on achieving predetermined goals.

scholarly journals Impact of Vitamin B12on Formation of the Tetrachloroethene Reductive Dehalogenase in Desulfitobacterium hafniense Strain Y51

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 8025-8032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Reinhold ◽  
Martin Westermann ◽  
Jana Seifert ◽  
Martin von Bergen ◽  
Torsten Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenase ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Desulfitobacterium Hafniense ◽  
Pce Dehalogenase ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTCorrinoids are essential cofactors of reductive dehalogenases in anaerobic bacteria. Microorganisms mediating reductive dechlorination as part of their energy metabolism are either capable ofde novocorrinoid biosynthesis (e.g.,Desulfitobacteriumspp.) or dependent on exogenous vitamin B12(e.g.,Dehalococcoidesspp.). In this study, the impact of exogenous vitamin B12(cyanocobalamin) and of tetrachloroethene (PCE) on the synthesis and the subcellular localization of the reductive PCE dehalogenase was investigated in the Gram-positiveDesulfitobacterium hafniensestrain Y51, a bacterium able to synthesize corrinoidsde novo. PCE-depleted cells grown for several subcultivation steps on fumarate as an alternative electron acceptor lost the tetrachloroethene-reductive dehalogenase (PceA) activity by the transposition of thepcegene cluster. In the absence of vitamin B12, a gradual decrease of the PceA activity and protein amount was observed; after 5 subcultivation steps with 10% inoculum, more than 90% of the enzyme activity and of the PceA protein was lost. In the presence of vitamin B12, a significant delay in the decrease of the PceA activity with an ∼90% loss after 20 subcultivation steps was observed. This corresponded to the decrease in thepceAgene level, indicating that exogenous vitamin B12hampered the transposition of thepcegene cluster. In the absence or presence of exogenous vitamin B12, the intracellular corrinoid level decreased in fumarate-grown cells and the PceA precursor formed catalytically inactive, corrinoid-free multiprotein aggregates. The data indicate that exogenous vitamin B12is not incorporated into the PceA precursor, even though it affects the transposition of thepcegene cluster.

Mechanisms involved in the impact of engineered nanomaterials on the joint toxicity with environmental pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yaguang Nie ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Joint Toxicity ◽  
The Impact

Fundamental Studies on Hydrogen Production in the Acid-Forming Phase and Its Bacteria in Anaerobic Treatment Processes – The Effects of Solids Retention Time

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michimasa Nakamura ◽  
Hiroshi Kanbe ◽  
Jun'ichiro Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Solids Retention Time ◽  
Solids Retention

Effects of solids retention time (SRT) on hydrogen gas production, glucose degradation and anaerobic bacteria in anaerobic treatment processes were investigated with use of 11,700 mg/l glucose solution as a substrate. Five series of experiments were conducted at 36 ± 1°C. Volatile fatty acids were produced in the order: acetic, n-butyric, propionic and n-valeric with concentration of effluent. Counts of general anaerobic bacteria and acid-forming bacteria in each reactor increased with increasing SRT, and counts of genus Clostridium and sulphate reducing bacteria in the reactor decreased with increasing SRT of the reactor. Gas production rates and gas composition were investigated to obtain information on energy production. Solids retention time increased from 2 to 10 h, hydrogen gas content decreased from 12 to 9%. The kinetic constants such as the microbial decay coefficient (Kd), the maintenance coefficient (m) and the growth yield for microorganisms (YG) were 4.04,41.7 and 0.097 day−1, respectively.

The Dynamics of Electrochemicals and Microbial Populations during Anaerobic Treatment of Human Urine in Soil Microbial Fuel Cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Daily Urine

The dynamics of electrochemicals and microbial populations during anaerobic treatment of human urine in soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were investigated. The experimental MFC was supplemented with daily urine input while the control MFC was without urine. During the treatment process, electrochemical and microbiological parameters in effluent of the urine-supplemented MFC were monitored using standard methods. The pH of the urine increased from 5.70 to 7.16 after 15 days of treatment in the urine supplemented MFC. The concentration of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen and total organic carbon of the urine reduced from 0.76 g/l to 0.07 g/l, 1.91 g/l to 0.17 g/l, 2.24 g/l to 0.09 g/l, 0.14 g/l to 0.003 g/l, 0.08 g/l to 0.00 g/l, 8.25 g/l to 0.74 g/l and 7.10 g/l to 0.53 g/l respectively after 15 days of treatment. Furthermore, Open voltage of the urine supplemented MFC ranged from 5.63 V to 10.34 V while Open voltage of the control ranged from 1.84 V to 5.02 V after 15 days of operation. The population of facultative bacteria (FAB) and strict anaerobic bacteria (SAB) ranged from 64.2 x 104 CFU to 36.2 x 104 CFU and 21.2 x104 CFU to 61.3 x104 CFU respectively with time. The urine supplemented MFC performed significantly (p < 0.05) better than the control with respect to voltage output while significantly reduced concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen and metallic (salt) species were found. Therefore, the soil MFC may be applied as a waste management option to treat human urine while generating electricity before disposal.

Variations spatiales et temporelles du césium-137 et du carbone dans des sédiments du fjord du Saguenay

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbeau ◽  
R. Bougie ◽  
J.-E. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Northern Basin ◽  
Saguenay Fjord ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
The Impact

The accumulation rate of sediments in the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada, established from 137Cs activity measured in 19 cores, varies between > 1.0 cm/year upstream and 0.2 cm/year downstream. Cesium-137 profiles in cores from the northern basin follow that of fallouts on the ground and reflect the impact of a sudden inflow of clay from a major mudslide. However, 137Cs accumulation in the larger basin seems less sensitive to external influences.Carbon content and the C/N ratio are higher upstream than downstream. Based on 137Cs dating, core sections show carbon contents that reflect changes caused by the forest industry over the years. [Journal Translation]

scholarly journals Recycling of forestry waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
E Yakovleva ◽  
E Titova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article examines the current state of wood waste recycling in the interests of ensuring sustainable development and minimizing the impact on climate change. Classification of wood waste based on the stage of the life cycle of a wood product has been carried out. The problem of organization of wood waste disposal and processing is relevant both directly in the forest industry and in the process of using wood since this leads to the preservation of primary wood material and significantly reduces the volume of deforestation. During the study methods of wood waste recycling and options for complex recycling have been identified. A wood waste recycling scheme which includes such stages as collecting wood waste, deep wood processing and involvement in secondary circulation has been developed. An econometric analysis of correlation between current environmental costs and indicators of economic activity associated with the use of wood waste on innovative basis has been carried out. It has been concluded that there is a tight relationship between the costs of environmental protection and the selected factors. The research results can be used in the development of wood waste recycling schemes by various economic entities of timber and woodworking sectors.

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