scholarly journals Recycling of forestry waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
E Yakovleva ◽  
E Titova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article examines the current state of wood waste recycling in the interests of ensuring sustainable development and minimizing the impact on climate change. Classification of wood waste based on the stage of the life cycle of a wood product has been carried out. The problem of organization of wood waste disposal and processing is relevant both directly in the forest industry and in the process of using wood since this leads to the preservation of primary wood material and significantly reduces the volume of deforestation. During the study methods of wood waste recycling and options for complex recycling have been identified. A wood waste recycling scheme which includes such stages as collecting wood waste, deep wood processing and involvement in secondary circulation has been developed. An econometric analysis of correlation between current environmental costs and indicators of economic activity associated with the use of wood waste on innovative basis has been carried out. It has been concluded that there is a tight relationship between the costs of environmental protection and the selected factors. The research results can be used in the development of wood waste recycling schemes by various economic entities of timber and woodworking sectors.

Analysis of Externalities of Economic Activity of the Enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Dmytro V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Impact

The problems of research of internalities and externalities with the further development of the general classification of externalities of economic activity of the enterprise are defined. The influence of negative and positive externalities on society and enterprise is considered. The concept of negative externalities differs from transaction costs. It is noted that transaction costs can be reflected in cash and can be offset by market inclusion in the price of the products, but this is not possible for externalities. It is emphasized that the purpose of economic activity of any enterprise is to exceed the positive externalities over the negative and achieve the maximum difference between them. The different time duration of the impact of the enterprise on third parties is given. The sign of externalities on the scale of action is emphasized. The externalities of the enterprise are considered in their essence according to the principles of sustainable development, highlighting economic, social and environmental externalities. It is emphasized that economic externalities can arise in the course of the whole business cycle of full-fledged work of all parts of the enterprise. In contrast to economic, social externalities affect people both within the enterprise, that is workers and citizens of the society in which the enterprise operates. And when it comes to environmental externalities, the mediator between the source and recipient of externalities is the environment. Externalities are distinguished according to the means of accounting and the degree of influence on the subject of perception. The necessity of regulation of externalities through internalization and actions of the enterprise with the help of state and market instruments is substantiated. It is emphasized that internalization is the transformation of negative externalities into positive ones in terms of convergence of marginal costs and benefits of the enterprise to marginal social costs and utility.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Economic Activity in the Rural Area of Region 2 South - East

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Daniela – Lavinia Balasan ◽  
Dragoş Horia Buhociu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

When we talk about economic development, we can refer to improve the standard of living and the prosperity of the population. This is due by increasing per capita income. In order to analyze economic activity, severe indicators must be studied, namely productivity, economic growth rate, labour force share, gross domestic product. In order to carry out as accurate an analysis as possible, it is required to discover the bottlenecks and problems that Region 2 South East makes and to develop a set of reservations and indications leading to the reduction and, why not, the removal of negative aspects. The main purpose of this work is to achieve a strategic plan by studying the current state and the impact of the economic system in recent times in all its forms, with a view to the development of the countryside of Region 2 South – East. I set out to create a website based on the advice of small rural entrepreneurs that evolves gathering information in realistically identifying all the strengths and concentrating them in the region’s potential innovation.

scholarly journals Relations of crimes of different gravity degree in the Criminal code of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Skok ◽  
Inna Shylo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Special Part ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the classification of criminal offenses in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. All the crimes, the responsibility for which are established in the Special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are analyzed and on the basis of this detailed description of crimes of small gravity, crimes of moderate gravity, serious and especially serious crimes is carried out. According to Art. 12 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, depending on the severity of the crimes are divided into crimes of small severity, moderate, serious and especially serious. The legislative classification of crimes was made taking into account the type of punishment (fine and imprisonment), as well as the amount of punishment. This is the norm of the current Criminal Code acquired in accordance with the Law «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Humanization of Liability for Offenses in the Field of Economic Activity» of November 15, 2011 No. 4025-VI. The percentage of different categories of crimes has been analyzed and the impact of the severity of crimes on some criminal liability issues has been determined. A study of the ratio of minor crimes to other categories of crimes showed that minor crimes constitute a fairly significant category of crimes, compared to others, namely 24.9%. In the Special Part of the Criminal Code, there is a «sharp jump» from the category of minor crimes to the category of especially serious crimes, which is connected with the occurrence of especially grave consequences in the qualified criminal offenses.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CLASSIFICATION AND USE OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
O. Podra ◽  
◽  
Natalia Petryshyn ◽  
L. S. Nodzhak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to conduct a systematic study of existing classifications of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity and analysis of the dynamics of the use of specific methods of non-tariff regulation in Ukraine and the world. Design/methodology/approach. The study examined the hypothesis of the lack of a single unified classification of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity on the basis of a study of the most commonly used classifications in Ukraine and in the world, determining their common and distinctive features. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, general scientific methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, formalization, observation, systematization. Findings. It is found out that there are many classifications for non-tariff regulation, but the most common are classifications of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), but the last one is more popular and used for formation of a global database on dynamics of non-tariff regulation measures applying. In addition, the current classification of non-tariff regulation measures of the World Trade Organization deserves attention, it contains up-to-date information on the dynamics of the use of existing and initiated non-tariff regulation measures by WTO members. The hypothesis of the absence of a single unified classification of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity based on a study of the most commonly used classifications in Ukraine and in the world, their common and distinctive features can be considered proven, as evidenced by the results of the study and generalized conclusions. Practical implications. The studied classifications are of great practical importance, as they allow international market participants to monitor the use of non-tariff regulation measures. The hold analysis showed that among all non-tariff regulation measures in 2021, most countries in the world used technical measures related to imports, in particular, sanitary and phytosanitary measures (A) - 29750, technical barriers to trade) - 25772, as well as exports-related measures - 7804, quantitative restrictions - 6438. The same can be said about Ukrainian practice of non-tariff regulation measures usage. Originality/value. It is established that the UNCTAD classification is the most comprehensive and suitable for the purposes of economic analysis. The impact of non-tariff measures on trade as well as on welfare is less clear than the impact of tariff restrictions. On the one hand, non-tariff measures often restrict trade flows, which has a negative impact on welfare. On the other hand, there are a number of non-tariff measures, the application of which contributes to the growth of welfare by ensuring the highest quality of goods offered on the market, which is an independent value for consumers. The use of non-tariff instruments should be treated with caution, as they are not devoid of dualism and may have contradictory consequences, as well as provoke a similar response from partner countries.

scholarly journals The impact of the IASB project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on financial statements – selected issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
Mariusz Karwowski
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infor Mation ◽  
Judg Ments

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to indicate the possible impact of the IASB project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on the presentation and disclosure of infor-mation in financial statements. Methodology/approach: On the one hand, the current state is presented (the basis was the project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’); on the other hand, value judg-ments were formulated regarding the proposed changes. The empirical study, which was based on content analysis, covered entities included in the WIG30. Findings: ‘Better communication in financial reporting’, in particular, IFRS X, will pri-marily affect the choice of the classification of expenses in the operating category of the profit or loss statement, as well as disclosure of management performance measures. Originality/value: The indication of the possible impact of the project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on the presentation and disclosure of information in the financial statements, which is unexplored so far. Keywords: primary financial statements, presentation, notes, disclosure, taxonomy, IFRS.

scholarly journals Estimation of the condition and approaches to the rehabilitation of the geological environment disordered as a result of construction and anthropogenic activities

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1140-1157
Author(s):  
Konstantin L. Chertes ◽  
Alexander M. Shterenberg ◽  
Elena N. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The paper considers the issue of estimation of disordered areas as a result of construction and anthropogenic activities and suggests strategies for solving this problem by the example of the Samara region. Materials and methods. The article applies the generally accepted methods and research conducted by employees of Samara State Technical University. The sources of initial data are reports of state authorities. The subjects of the study are engineering-geological environmental elements, industrial facilities, polluting components and surface and Groundwater bodies. Results. The paper proposes a ranking-system for estimation of disorder areas and classification by areas of economic activity. The article provides the classification of the impact of technological losses of enterprises, the activity of which leads to the disruption of the geological environment. A resource and ecological approach for technogenic deposits of various substances and a strategy for their use and subsequent environmental restoration are proposed. The research presents the results of technogenic deposit 3D simulation as well as approaches to their interpretation. Conclusions. The developed approach and methodological basis for the analysis of the geological system, including the technogenic lens allow evaluating, analyzing, and predicting the migration of human-made lenses formed as a result of construction and economic activity. A resource-based and ecological approach was used for the simultaneous collection of pollutant fluids and the rehabilitation of the geological environment. The article recommends to use 3D digital simulation methods to increase the efficiency of research and predict the number of substances in the depths. The methods apply to human-made deposits, subject to the determination of the ambiance filtration characteristics by water and fluid. It is proposed to use biodegradable surfactants as a method of geological environment rehabilitation. This choice is stipulated by the fact that surfactants allow “washing” the rocks without increasing the burden on the environment. An alternative method is proposed for predicting fluid migration due to the description of the geosystem as a system of forced oscillations. The method allows predicting the periods of the most efficient oil production and designated engineering protection methods.

scholarly journals Classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Viktoriia FURSOVA ◽  
Nelia KARATSEVA ◽  
Maryna RUBAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. While providing foreign economic activity, enterprises have many problems, which can lead to loss of their financial stability and even bankruptcy. That is why, especially in periods of crisis it is very important to identify factors that affect the efficiency of foreign economic activity of companies. The purpose of the work is to systematize the modern researches and to improve the classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of economic entities to ensure their sustainable development. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprise. Based on the systematization of the views of the majority of authors, it was determined that today there is no generally accepted classification of factors affecting foreign economic activity. Most researchers divide impacts on foreign economic activity on the external and internal, the difference is only in the number and types of factors. Due to the critical analysis of the modern researches, the authors identified a number of advantages and disadvantages in the classifications of factors affecting foreign economic activity. According to the results of the study, a classification of factors of influence on foreign economic activity is proposed, which contains 5 criteria: source of origin, management capability, type of foreign economic activity, the specificity of the impact, the nature of the impact on foreign economic activity effectiveness. Conclusion. Other classification criteria such as time lag, degree of predictability, coverage, etc. should also be taken into account by management during the formulating a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity enterprises, but these characteristics do not reveal the specifics of foreign economic activity of economic entities. The proposed classification can be the basis for further research, that identified the types of risks of foreign economic activity. The generalization and systematization of the theoretical foundations on this issue is of practical value and will help to identify the main ways of forming an effective strategy for the development of enterprises in foreign markets.

scholarly journals Hvordan kan miljø- og klimahensyn integreres i den økonomiske politik?

Politik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kehlet Berg ◽  
Janek Bligaard Eskildsen ◽  
Jens Villiam Hoff ◽  
Jette Bredahl Jacobsen ◽  
Ole Gravgaard Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Green Gdp ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Reform Model ◽  
The Impact

Through decades, the natural sciences have documented some troubling links between the growing economy and damages to the environment, most prominent of which are global warming and the loss of biodiversity. Recent years have however shown that the road from identifying the problems to action is slow and complicated to navigate: The goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions does not stand alone; rather it is weighed against numerous other policy objectives. This paper first outlines a way of measuring the links between economic activity and the environment: The Green GDP. This measure attempts to measure the environmental damages in the same metric as other economic activity, thus informing us on whether or not economic growth comes at the expense of the environment. Next, the paper introduces a research project aimed at developing the GREEN REFORM model that can simulate the environmental effects of economic policy as well as the impact of environmental policy on the economy. While the Green GDP is an indication of the environmental costs of current and past economic activity, the GREEN REFORM model can be used for evaluation of future scenarios and policy interventions. Finally, the paper presents an analysis of the political barriers to adopting the above-mentioned tools in decision-making in a Danish context. The paper argues that while there is some demand for the tools, there is a potential for significant opposition in the form of political-economy constraints.

Wood Processing Waste—Contamination with Microscopic Fungi and Contents of Selected Bioactive Compounds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rogoziński ◽  
Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek ◽  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Settled Dust

Wood processing work stations constitute an environment producing contaminants affecting air quality in plant production facilities. A significant role among these contaminants is played by spores and hyphae of microscopic fungi. Their presence in respirable and settled dust directly affects health of employees working in those facilities. Moreover, microscopic fungi also interact with the components of wood causing its degradation. In view of the above it was decided to test several elements affecting the quality of ambient air by analysing samples collected from all accessible locations in the plant, where wood waste is accumulated. The samples were tested in terms of their concentrations of ergosterol, total phenolics, antioxidant activity as well as contents of endogenous wood sterols such as desmosterol, cholesterol, lanosterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. Analyses showed that wood waste, despite the varied location and exposure time, is material promoting growth of microscopic fungi. Several significant correlations between the analysed parameters need to be stressed, which made it possible to design the sterol bioconverison mechanism for wood, taking place as a result of growth of microscopic fungi on the wood material.

Activity of enterprises in the wood-based sector under conditions of economic uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mikołajczak ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Leszek Wanat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Impact

Activity of enterprises in the wood-based sector under conditions of economic uncertainty. The state of the epidemic in Poland and the resulting restrictions caused serious disturbances in the economy. Entrepreneurs, conducting business in conditions of economic uncertainty and the threat of a crisis, are looking for various support tools, including adequate government programs. The study attempts to identify and evaluate selected anti-crisis tools, dedicated and possible to be used in the wood-based sector in Poland. The impact of these tools on economic activity was assessed by entrepreneurs, with particular emphasis on the opinions of manufacturers of wooden and cork products, producers of paper and paper products and furniture manufacturers, categorizing industry specializations in accordance with the Polish Classification of Activities. In the comparative analysis, selected economic indicators were used, based on secondary data of public statistics, according to the assessment of the current economic situation and its forecast expressed in the opinion of entrepreneurs. As a result, it was found that despite the ongoing epidemic, entrepreneurs in the wood-based sector relatively often use government support tools, showing moderate optimism under the conditions of economic uncertainty.

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