Chemical process wastewater treatment by attached cultures under anoxic conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Delanghe ◽  
J. Roussy ◽  
E. Guibal ◽  
P. Le Cloirec
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Nitrate Consumption ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The anoxic biodegradation of organic carbon in industrial wastewaters was studied on pilot plants with attached bacteria. The process involved submerged granular filters with expanded glass balls as packing material. The two wastewaters which were investigated came from a wine-produce industry and a chemical industry. The nitrate requirements were studied on a semi-batch pilot plant. The nitrate consumption was found to be about 0.7 - 0.9 g N-NO3·g−1TOC for the organic carbon removal from the wine-produce industry wastewater. The influence of the volumetric load, Cv, on the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal was studied on a continuous-flow pilot plant. High removal yields of 90 % and more were obtained with volumetric loads up to 2 kg TOC.m−3.d−1 with the wine-produce industry wastewater. However 80 % TOC removal was obtained for a maximum volumetric load of 0.2 kg TOC.m−3.d−1 with the chemical industry wastewater. The difference between the two wastewaters might be due to the different degradation kinetics and/or biodegradability of their organic compounds. Nitrite concentrations were negligible throughout the study.

Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Degradation Using Doped TiO2 Functionalized Zeolite Photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ihos ◽  
Corneliu Bogatu ◽  
Carmen Lazau ◽  
Florica Manea ◽  
Rodica Pode
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compound

The aim of this study was the investigation of photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds using doped TiO2 functionalized zeolite photocatalyst. Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that represents a biorefractory micropollutant, was chosen as model of pharmaceutically active compound. The photocatalyst was Z-TiO2-Ag. The concentration of DCF in the working solutions was 10 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and of photocatalyst 1 g/L in any experiments. The process was monitored by recording the UV spectra of the treated solutions and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. The UV spectra analysis and TOC removal proved that along the advanced degradation of DCF also a mineralization process occurred. The carried out research provided useful information envisaging the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents by photocatalysis.

scholarly journals Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Božena Šoltysová ◽  
Martin Danilovič
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Difference

Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the SoilChanges of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil organic carbon were observed on gleyic Fluvisols (locality Milhostov) at the following crops: grain maize (2005), spring barley (2006), winter wheat (2007), soya (2008), grain maize (2009). The experiment was realized at three soil tillage technologies: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0-0.15 m; 0.15-0.30 m; 0.30-0.45 m). The ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen was also calculated.Soil tillage affects significantly the content of total nitrogen in soil. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant. The balance showed that the content of total nitrogen decreased at reduced tillage by 5.2 rel.%, at no-tillage by 5.1 rel.% and at conventional tillage by 0.7 rel.%.Similarly, the content of organic matter in the soil was significantly affected by soil tillage. The content of soil organic carbon found at the end of the research period was lower by 4.1 rel.% at reduced tillage, by 4.8 rel.% at no-tillage and by 4.9 rel.% at conventional tillage compared with initial stage. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant.Less significant relationship was found between the soil tillage and the content of available phosphorus. The balance showed that the content of available phosphorus was increased at reduced tillage (by 4.1 rel.%) and was decreased at no-tillage (by 9.5 rel.%) and at conventional tillage (by 3.3 rel.%).Tillage did not significantly affect the content of available potassium in the soil.

Biodegradation of Organic Substances by Biological Activated Carbon – Simulation of Bacterial Activity on Granular Activated Carbon

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Tojo ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

Biodegradation of organic substances by attached bacteria on biological activated carbon (BAC) was studied to clarify the advantages of granular activated carbon (GAC) as support media over conventional media without adsorption capacity with regard to biodegradation activity and community structure of attached bacteria. Anthracite (AN) was used as reference support medium without adsorbability. Low molecular organic substances with different biodegradability and adsorbability (phenol, glucose, benzoic acid and m-aminobenzoic acid) were fed into completely mixed BAC and AN reactors. The rate of biodegradation by BAC reactors fed with biodegradable organic substances was approximately 3 times as high as that by AN reactors. The difference in adsorbability of organic substances onto GAC had little effects on the rate of biodegradation. The structure of GAC with micro and macro pores did not provide better habitat for attached bacteria with regard to the size of population in comparison with anthracite without pores. The rates of biodegradation per attached bacteria for biodegradable organic substances in the BAC reactors were from 1.7 to 4.9 times higher than those in the AN reactors. GAC, as a bacterial support media, stimulated the biodegradation activity of each bacteria without increase in their population and probably with little change in their species composition. Although the number of attached bacteria on BAC was not different significantly from that on anthracite, m-aminobenzoic acid with low biodegradability was degraded only by the GAC reactor.

scholarly journals Concentrations and Loads of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in Urban Stormwater Runoff

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kalev ◽  
Gurpal S. Toor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
High Concentrations

Urban landscapes are significant contributors of organic carbon (OC) in receiving waters, where elevated levels of OC limit the light availability, increase the transport of pollutants, and result in high costs of potable water treatment. Our objective in this study was to investigate the concentrations, fractions (dissolved and particulate), and loads of OC in a residential catchment (3.89 ha drainage area) located in Florida, United States. The outlet of the stormwater pipe draining the residential catchment was instrumented with an automated sampler, a flowmeter, and a rain gauge. The rainfall and runoff samples collected over 25 storm events during the 2016 wet season (June to September) were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC), with particulate OC (POC) calculated as the difference between TOC and DOC. Mean concentration of DOC was 2.3 ± 1.7 mg L−1 and POC was 0.3 ± 0.3 mg L−1 in the rainfall, whereas DOC was 10.5 ± 6.20 mg L−1 and POC was 2.00 ± 4.05 mg L−1 in the stormwater runoff. Concentrations of DOC were higher during the rising limb of the hydrograph in 15 out of 25 storm events, suggesting flushing of DOC, with an increase in the amount of runoff, from the landscape sources in the residential catchment. The estimated total export of OC during the 2016 wet season was 66.0 kg ha−1, of which DOC was 56.9 kg ha−1 (86.2% of TOC), and POC was 9.1 kg ha−1 (13.8% of TOC). High concentrations and loads of OC, especially DOC, in the stormwater runoff imply that residential catchments in urban watersheds are hot-spots of DOC influx to water bodies. Reducing DOC transport in the urban landscapes is complex and require identifying the origin of DOC and then using site-specific targeted approaches to mitigate DOC loss.

Study on CO2 Emission in the Process of Dealing with Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Jie Qin ◽  
Xun Xue ◽  
Jun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Vanadium Titanium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Titanium Magnetite ◽  
At Home

Situations of the CO2emission in steel industry at home and abroad are introduced in this paper firstly. Then CO2emission is calculated in the RHF—EAF flow for treating V-Ti magnetite according to data from the pilot plant in Pangang Group. Besides, CO2emission of the traditional BF process is calculated as well. The results show that CO2emission is 1427.3kg/t pig iron and 1508.7kg/t for the pilot and BF process, respectively. Otherwise, the difference between the two processes is analyzed and the prospect for the reduction of CO2emission in the iron and steel industry is proposed as well.

Measuring organic carbon in Calcarosols: understanding the pitfalls and complications

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Schmidt ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Therese M. McBeath
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Sulfurous Acid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dry Combustion

The measurement of soil organic carbon (OC) is important for assessing soil condition and improving land management systems, as OC has an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological fertility of soil. The OC contents of Calcarosols often appear high compared with other Australian soil types with similar fertility. This may indicate either systematic overestimation of OC in Calcarosols or the existence of a mechanism of OC stabilisation specific to carbonate-rich soils. This study compares three dry combustion techniques (dry combustion with correction for carbonate-C determined separately, dry combustion following sulfurous acid treatment, and dry combustion following treatment with hydrofluoric acid) and two wet oxidation techniques (Walkley–Black and Heanes) for the measurement of soil OC content, to determine which method is best for Calcarosols. Nine calcareous and nine non-calcareous soils were analysed. Of the methods, dry combustion with carbonate-C correction and dry combustion following sulfurous acid pre-treatment were found to be unsuitable for highly calcareous soils. Dry combustion with carbonate-C correction was unsuccessful primarily due to incomplete conversion of carbonate to CO2 under the combustion conditions used. However, even if this problem could be overcome, the method would still not be suitable for highly calcareous soils since it would involve the measurement of a relatively small value (OC) as the difference of two much larger values (total C and carbonate-C). Sulfurous acid pre-treatment was unsuitable because it did not remove 100% of carbonate present. Although the remaining dry combustion technique (i.e. following hydrofluoric acid treatment) did not have such problems, it did give very different (and much lower) OC estimations than the two wet oxidation techniques for the highly calcareous soils. These results are consistent with carbonate minerals interacting with and stabilising a substantial quantity of soluble OC. This has implications for the way OC levels should be measured and interpreted in Calcarosols, in terms of both fertility and C stabilisation and sequestration.

Textile wastewater treatment and reuse by solar catalysis: results from a pilot plant in Tunisia

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bousselmi ◽  
S.-U. Geissen ◽  
H. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Economic Application ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Textile Factory

Based on results from bench-scale flow-film-reactors (FFR) and aerated cascade photoreactors, a solar catalytic pilot plant has been built at the site of a textile factory. This plant has an illuminated surface area of 50 m2 and is designed for the treatment of 1 m3 h-1 of wastewater. The preliminary results are presented and compared with a bench-scale FFR using textile wastewater and dichloroacetic acid. Equivalent degradation kinetics were obtained and it was demonstrated that the solar catalytic technology is able to remove recalcitrant compounds and color. However, on-site optimization is still necessary for wastewater reuse and for an economic application.

scholarly journals Degradation Kinetics of Geosmin by Biofilm with Organic Carbon as a Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
XIAOWEI TIAN ◽  
MOTOO UTSUMI ◽  
KAZUYA SHIMIZU ◽  
ZHENYA ZHANG ◽  
NORIO SUGIURA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Evaluation of membrane bioreactor performance via residence time distribution: effects of membrane configuration and mixing

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
K. W. Ong ◽  
M. W. D. Brannock ◽  
G. L. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

Unlike conventional wastewater treatment systems that have a single effluent discharge point, membrane bioreactors (MBR) may have multiple extraction points resulting from the location of the membrane element in the reactor. This leads to multiple residence time distributions for an MBR system. One method to characterise the mixing is based on the concept of residence time distribution (RTD). A set of RTDs were generated using the conservative tracer, lithium chloride, for pilot plant MBRs with capacity up to 300 m3/day. Flat sheet and hollow fibre pilot plant MBR systems were operated in parallel on primary effluent collected at the Bedok Water Reclamation Plant in the republic of Singapore. Analysis of the RTD profiles indicated that membrane geometry did not impact on the kinetic conversion associated with nitrification because both MBRs were in well mixed conditions. However, the energy required to achieve perfect mixing with a hollow fibre module MBR, as defined by the velocity gradient, was lower than that with a flat sheet module MBR. The implication is that energy input associated with reactor mixing will depend on the configuration of the membrane. The difference in energy requirements between flat sheets and hollow fibres is such that careful consideration should be given to membrane selection in larger municipal installations.

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