Desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. You ◽  
J. C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Water System ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Effects Of Ph

A study was conducted to assess the desorptive behavior of chlorophenols in contaminated soils. Two soils spiked with three types of chlorophenols, i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP), respectively, were examined. The effects of pH, methanol, surfactants, and soil properties were investigated. Amount of three chlorophenols desorbed from soils increased with increasing pH. Deprotonated chlorophenols were more mobile than their conjugate acids. When methanol was added to the soil-water system, the amount of chlorophenols desorbed increased. The desorption of PCP was enhanced in the presence of anionic surfactant, SDS. However, when non-ionic surfactant, TX-100, was present, the desorption of PCP decreased. The effects of pH and surfactants on desorptive behavior of chlorophenols were most significant on PCP. Generally, the amount of chlorophenol adsorption deceased in the order PCP > TCP > DCP. Hydrophobic interaction was found to be the major driving force of adsorption reactions. It was therefore proposed that hydrophobicity of chlorophenols is an important factor controlling their desorptive behavior.

Biotic and Abiotic Disappearance of Four PAH Compounds from Flooded Soil under Various Redox Conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leduc ◽  
R. Samson ◽  
B. Al-Bashir ◽  
J. Al-Hawari ◽  
T. Cseh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Water System ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Mixing Intensity ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Disappearance Kinetics

Biotic and abiotic disappearance, mainly in terms of biodegradation and volatilisation respectively, of flooded soil contaminated with acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorene and anthracene, was studied in erlenmeyer flasks and in bench-scale bioreactors. The erlenmeyer experiments were conducted under four different redox conditions. Disappearance kinetics followed zero order. Under aerobic and denitrifying environments, biodegradation of all four compounds occurred; the rates observed ranged from 0.38 to 0.53 ppm/day for the aerobic environment and from 0.29 to 0.35 ppm/day for the denitrifying one. However, no significant biodegradation occurred under the sulphate-reducing nor methanogenic environments. Aerobic abiotic losses were very significant; the ratio of the volatilisation to the biodegradation rates ranged from 2.4 to 3.6. The ratio of the aerobic to the denitrifying volatilisation rates ranged from 5.0 to 10.1. In the light of these results, the denitrifying environment was chosen for a further experiment to investigate the performance of a bench-scale bioreactor. Results showed that by enlarging the scale of the bioreactor approximately 8 times and simultaneously reducing the mixing intensity of the soil/water system, the biodegradation rates remained virtually unchanged. This study suggests that the denitrifying environment could play an important role in the development of an effective, economical and environmentally safe decontamination technology for treating PAH-contaminated soils.

Study of the desorption of linuron from soils to water enhanced by the addition of an anionic surfactant to soil–water system

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 3110-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Sánchez-Martı́n ◽  
M.S. Rodrı́guez-Cruz ◽  
M. Sánchez-Camazano
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Water System

Formation of Organic Iodine Supplied as Iodide in a Soil−Water System in Chiba, Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2086-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko S. Shimamoto ◽  
Yoshio Takahashi ◽  
Yasuko Terada
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Organic Iodine

Soil properties controlling Zn speciation and fractionation in contaminated soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (18) ◽  
pp. 5256-5272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Jacquat ◽  
Andreas Voegelin ◽  
Ruben Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Zn Speciation

scholarly journals Soil-Related Sustainable Development Goals: Four Concepts to Make Land Degradation Neutrality and Restoration Work

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Keesstra ◽  
Gerben Mol ◽  
Jan de Leeuw ◽  
Joop Okx ◽  
Co Molenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Water System ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Awareness Raising

In the effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to food, health, water, and climate, an increase in pressure on land is highly likely. To avoid further land degradation and promote land restoration, multifunctional use of land is needed within the boundaries of the soil-water system. In addition, awareness-raising, a change in stakeholders’ attitudes, and a change in economics are essential. The attainment of a balance between the economy, society, and the biosphere calls for a holistic approach. In this paper, we introduce four concepts that we consider to be conducive to realizing LDN in a more integrated way: systems thinking, connectivity, nature-based solutions, and regenerative economics. We illustrate the application of these concepts through three examples in agricultural settings. Systems thinking lies at the base of the three others, stressing feedback loops but also delayed responses. Their simultaneous use will result in more robust solutions, which are sustainable from an environmental, societal, and economic point of view. Solutions also need to take into account the level of scale (global, national, regional, local), stakeholders’ interests and culture, and the availability and boundaries of financial and natural capital. Furthermore, sustainable solutions need to embed short-term management in long-term landscape planning. In conclusion, paradigm shifts are needed. First, it is necessary to move from excessive exploitation in combination with environmental protection, to sustainable use and management of the soil-water system. To accomplish this, new business models in robust economic systems are needed based on environmental systems thinking; an approach that integrates environmental, social, and economic interests. Second, it is necessary to shift from a “system follows function” approach towards a “function follows system” one. Only by making the transition towards integrated solutions based on a socio-economical-ecological systems analysis, using concepts such as nature-based solutions, do we stand a chance to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality by 2030. To make these paradigm shifts, awareness-raising in relation to a different type of governance, economy and landscape and land-use planning and management is needed.

scholarly journals Using Multivariate Geostatistics to Assess Patterns of Spatial Dependence of Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity and Selected Soil Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glécio Machado Siqueira ◽  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Montserrat Valcárcel Armesto ◽  
Ênio Farias França e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Multivariate Geostatistics ◽  
Northwestern Spain

The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was continuously recorded in three successive dates using electromagnetic induction in horizontal (ECa-H) and vertical (ECa-V) dipole modes at a 6 ha plot located in Northwestern Spain. One of the ECadata sets was used to devise an optimized sampling scheme consisting of 40 points. Soil was sampled at the 0.0–0.3 m depth, in these 40 points, and analyzed for sand, silt, and clay content; gravimetric water content; and electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste. Coefficients of correlation between ECaand gravimetric soil water content (0.685 for ECa-V and 0.649 for ECa-H) were higher than those between ECaand clay content (ranging from 0.197 to 0.495, when different ECarecording dates were taken into account). Ordinary and universal kriging have been used to assess the patterns of spatial variability of the ECadata sets recorded at successive dates and the analyzed soil properties. Ordinary and universal cokriging methods have improved the estimation of gravimetric soil water content using the data of ECaas secondary variable with respect to the use of ordinary kriging.

scholarly journals Arsenic speciation in soil-water system and their uptake by rice (Oryza sativa)

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-290
Author(s):  
P. Kumarathilaka ◽  
J. Bundschuh ◽  
S. Seneweera ◽  
A.A. Meharg
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Water System
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