Groundwater recharge with municipal effluent: Dan Region Reclamation Project, Israel

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kanarek ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Aquifer System

The Dan Region Project is the largest water reclamation scheme in Israel which provides for collection, treatment, groundwater recharge and reuse of municipal wastewater from Tel-Aviv metropolitan area and several other neighboring municipalities. The project serves a total population of about 1.3 million with an average municipal wastewater flow of 270,000 cu.m/d. The special recharge-recovery method developed and practiced successfully in the Dan Region Project is rather a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) which should be considered as an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment process. SAT consists of controlled passage of effluent through the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, mainly for purification purposes, as well as for seasonal and multiannual storage. The recharge operation is carried out by means of spreading basins which are surrounding by adequately spaced recovery wells which permit separating the recharge zone from the rest of the aquifer. The major purification processes occurring in the soil aquifer system are: slow-sand filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, biological degradation, nitrification, denitrification and disinfection. Water quality control in the recharge zone is virtually complete and the very high quality of reclaimed water obtained after SAT is suitable for a variety of non potable uses especially for unrestricted agricultural irrigation. During the last five years, about 400 million cu.m of reclaimed water was supplied for unrestricted irrigation to the south of the country.

Municipal Wastewater Reuse via Soil Aquifer Treatment for Non-Potable Purposes

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kanarek ◽  
A. Aharoni ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Very High

Groundwater recharge for wastewater reuse developed and practiced successfully in the Dan Region Project is rather a soil aquifer treatmemt (SAT) system which should be considered as an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment process. SAT consists of controlled passage of effluent through the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, mainly for purification purposes. The recharge operation is carried out by means of spreading basins which are surrounded by adequately spaced recovery wells which permit segregation of the recharge zone from the rest of the aquifer. A very high quality of reclaimed water is obtained after SAT which is suitable for a variety of non-potable uses such as unrestricted agricultural uses, industrial uses, non-potable municipal uses and recreational uses.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant model

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Paweł Król ◽  
Alberto Gallina ◽  
Michał Lubieniecki ◽  
Tadeusz Uhl ◽  
Tadeusz Żaba
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
The Relationship

Waste management is a crucial process to keep the environment in wholesome conditions. The environmental impact of solid waste and wastewater is reduced through construction of appropriate disposal installations. The objective of wastewater treatment in biological reactors is to control the process of biomaterial growth by aerating the sewage content. The process is complex, as depending on a plenty of parameters. In the last decades an effective numerical model, called the Activated Sludge Model (ASM), has been proposed for describing the biological process. The ASM is implemented in the Benchmark Simulation Model (BSM) that simulates the whole wastewater treatment process. The most important parameters in ASM are the kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients. The former describes rate-concentration dependence. The latter characterises the relationship between the components of chemical reactions taking place in the cleaning process. Above parameters are determined by on-site calibration and their importance is relevant during the development of numeric models. This paper aims to examine the influence of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters on the wastewater treatment process of a plant in Płaszów, Kraków. The analysis is carried out by a sample-based numerical procedure. It highlights the ASM parameters playing a major role in the treatment process. Results obtained from the analysis are important for future validation and optimisation processes.

The long-term performance of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) for effluent reuse

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Idelovitch ◽  
N. Icekson-Tal ◽  
O. Avraham ◽  
M. Michail
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Adsorption ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Effluent Reuse

An innovative scheme of groundwater recharge for wastewater effluent reuse has been practiced on a large scale in the Dan Region Project in Israel since 1977. The system, referred to as SAT (for Soil Aquifer Treatment), provides advanced treatment prior to effluent reuse for unrestricted irrigation. A major study recently carried out consisted of a comprehensive analysis of the water quality data available in the recharged effluent (before SAT), as well as in observation wells and recovery wells (after SAT). The results obtained with respect to suspended solids, organics and nutrients (nitrogen compounds and phosphorus) are presented and discussed. The main processes occurring in the soil-aquifer system, which are responsible for the removal of the above contaminants are filtration through the upper soil layer, organic matter biodegradation and adsorption, ammonia adsorption and biological nitirification-denitrification, and chemical precipitation and adsorption of phosphorus. The findings of the study have provided valuable information on the above processes and their interaction, and have demonstrated that the SAT system should be considered an attractive method for effluent reuse in areas where hydrogeological conditions are suitable for groundwater recharge via spreading basins.

Fate and mass balances of triclosan (TCS), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tribromobisphenol A (tri-BBPA) during the municipal wastewater treatment process

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry McPhedran ◽  
Rajesh Seth ◽  
Min Song ◽  
Shaogang Chu ◽  
Robert J. Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Detroit River

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) are impacted by down-the-drain influents of anthropogenic chemicals. These chemicals are in consumer products and include the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and antimicrobial triclosan (TCS). Characterization of the distribution of TBBPA, TCS and the TBBPA product tribromobisphenol A (tri-BBPA) was determined at five stages along the treatment process of a typical Canadian MWTP facility. Overall, the TCS concentrations for both liquid (influents, primary effluents and final effluents (FEs)) and solid samples (primary and waste activated sludges) were similar to reported ranges in the literature. In contrast to TCS, both TBBPA and tri-BBPA concentrations were scarcely available in the literature. The TBBPA concentrations were within literature ranges for both influents and sludges, while the tri-BBPA sludge concentrations were markedly higher than a single available previous study. Mass balances for TCS, TBBPA and tri-BBPA indicated 7, 9 and 42%, respectively, of each chemical remaining in the FEs. The resultant annual mass loadings into the Detroit River were estimated to be 3.3 kg, 6.57 g, and 21.5 g for TCS, TBBPA and tri-BBPA, respectively.

Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defang Ma ◽  
Baoyu Gao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Qinyan Yue ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting

A hybrid process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) and powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC/MBR, was used for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The roles of chlorine dose, contact time, pH and bromide in trihalomethane (THM) formation and speciation during chlorination of the reclaimed water were investigated. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) yield exponentially increased to maximum with increasing chlorine dose (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.98). Prolonging substrate chlorine contact time significantly promoted TTHM formation. Less than 40% of THMs formed in the first 24 h, indicating that the PAC/MBR effluent organic matters were mostly composed of slow-reacting precursors. Increasing pH and bromide concentration facilitated THM formation. Higher chlorine dose and contact time enhanced chloro-THM formation. The bromo-THM formation was favored at near neutral condition. Despite the variation of chlorine dose, contact time and pH, the yield of THM species in order was usually CHCl3 > CHBrCl2 > CHBr2Cl > CHBr3. However, THM speciation shifted from chlorinated species to brominated species with increasing bromide concentration.

On-line microwave total solids sensoring in sewage characterization

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291-1297
Author(s):  
H. Poutiainen ◽  
S. Laitinen ◽  
P. Juntunen ◽  
H. Heinonen-Tanski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
On Line

We describe a novel application for a microwave on-line sensor to measure the total solids (TS) load entering a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) from slaughterhouse sewage and some sanitary wastewaters. Measuring this kind of wastewater stream is very challenging, because it contains a high, but varying organic load with nitrogen, phosphorus and microorganisms. The reliability of the measured signal was studied by comparison with laboratory analyses and a correlation is presented of TS-value with other parameters that are typically followed in a wastewater treatment process. The results suggest that on-line microwave sensoring could be used to monitor total solids in wastewater influent. Our results show that the on-line microwave sensor and laboratory reference analyses give similar results with a good correlation between the two techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the total solids values correlate well with conductivity, total nitrogen and BOD7 values but not with phosphorus, pH and temperature.

scholarly journals Municipal wastewater treatment plants as pathogen removal systems and as a contamination source of noroviruses and Enterococcus faecalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Wen A. Cheng ◽  
Frances E. Lucy ◽  
Michael A. Broaders ◽  
Sergey E. Mastitsky ◽  
Chien-Hsien Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Final Effluent

Municipal wastewater treatment plants play a crucial role in reducing the microbial and pathogen load of human wastes before the end-products are discharged to surface waters (final effluent) or land spread (biosolids). This study investigated the occurrence frequency of noroviruses, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in influent, final effluent and biosolids from four secondary wastewater treatment plants in northwestern Ireland (plants A–D) and observed the seasonal and spatial variation of the plant treatment efficiencies in the pathogen removals. It was noted that norovirus genogroup II was more resistant to the treatment processes than the norovirus genogroup I and other active viral particles, especially those in the discharge effluents. The percolating biofilm system at plant D resulted in better effluent quality than in the extended aerated activated sludge systems (plants A and B); primary biosolids produced at plant D may pose a higher health risk to the locals. The spread of norovirus genogroup II into the environment, irrespective of the wastewater treatment process, coincides with its national clinical predominance over norovirus genogroup I. This study provides important evidence that municipal wastewater treatment plants not only achieve pathogen removal but can also be the source of environmental pathogen contamination.

A health risk assessment of reclaimed municipal wastewater for industrial and miscellaneous use

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Wu ◽  
Y. D. Huang ◽  
K. E. Hsu ◽  
Y. H. Wang ◽  
H. H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

The study evaluated the safety of reclaimed water using health risk assessment and biotoxicity tests. The reclaimed water was produced from reverse osmosis and used in industrial and miscellaneous purposes. The health risk assessment was conducted based on the concentrations of detectable pollutants in reclaimed water in a hypothetical scenario. The estimated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are lower than the generally accepted level. Biotoxicity evaluation included three genotoxicity tests, a chronic toxicity test using medaka fishes, and a subchronic toxicity test using mice. The reclaimed water is not genetically toxic, and does not cause significant chronic effects on these model organisms. These results confirm the safety of using reclaimed water from municipal wastewater treatment plants.

Biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment: Proposing a classification scheme

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1686-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Joss ◽  
Sebastian Zabczynski ◽  
Anke Göbel ◽  
Burkhard Hoffmann ◽  
Dirk Löffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment
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