Development of a Standard Method – Analysis of Compounds Causing Tastes and Odors in Drinking Water

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie C. Young ◽  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Gc Analysis ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Method Analysis

A standard method for analyzing 22 off-flavors in drinking water was developed. It includes chemical analysis - CLSA and SDE coupled with GC-MS, and sensory techniques - FPA and sensory GC analysis. Trans, trans-2,4-Heptadienal, a newly found fishy causing compound, was studied for its detection limit and OTC. Two grassy causing compounds, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexenyl acetate, were also evaluated.

Identification of a Woody-hay Odor-causing Compound in a Drinking Water Supply

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie C. Young ◽  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gil Crozes ◽  
August Bruchet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Gc Analysis ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Odor Descriptors

β-Cyclocitral and geosmin have been identified as the chemicals responsible for causing hay/woody and earthy odors in Lake Winnebago, respectively. Initial identifications of off-flavors were made by the GC-MS with an MS spectral library and sensory-GC analysis and the identifications were confirmed by GC retention time and MS spectral matches to the known standard compounds. A Weber-Fechner plot has been developed for β-cyclocitral and its three odor descriptors, fresh grass, hay/woody, and tobacco-like, which were observed at different concentration ranges.

Colorimetric Determination of Fluoride in Drinking Groundwater using a Polymeric Zirconium Complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Sameer Amereih ◽  
Zaher Barghouthi ◽  
Lamees Majjiad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Zirconium Complex ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Quantitation Limit

A sensitive colorimetric determination of fluoride in drinking water has been developed using a polymeric zirconium complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline as fluoride reagents. The method allowed a reliable determination of fluoride in range of (0.0-1.5) mg L-1. The molar absorptivity of the complex formation is 7695 ± 27 L mol-1 cm-1 at 460 nm. The sensitivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, and percentage recovery for 1.0 mg L-1 fluoride for the proposed method were found to be 0.353 ± 0.013 μg mL-1, 0.1 mg L-1, 0.3 mg L-1, and 101.7 ± 4.1, respectively.

Off-flavor as the consumer's measure of drinking water safety

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Health Related

If consumers detect an off-flavor in their drinking water, they are likely to believe that it probably is not safe. Water utilities will be defeating their best efforts to provide safe drinking water if they only meet health-related regulations and do not provide water that is free of off-flavor problems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current U.S. regulatory environment and discuss how these regulations can adversely impact the control of off-flavors in drinking water. Utilities should adopt a water quality goal that allows them to not only meet the minimums of the regulations, but also meet the customer's highest standards - water that is free of off-flavors.

The effect of white or grey PVC pipe and its joint solvents (primer and cement) on odour problems in drinking water distribution systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Wiesenthal ◽  
I.H. Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Gc Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Pvc Pipe

A study of the production of odour-causing compounds was conducted from the leaching of polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe and its joints, primer and cement, into drinking water distribution systems. Flavour Profile Analysis (FPA), closed-loop stripping analysis – gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CLSA-GC/MS) and sensory-GC analysis of white or grey PVC alone found no odour-causing compounds produced during the leaching experiments. FPA analysis of the PVC's primer and cement leached alone and/or when applied to grey or white PVC pipes produced a glue/varnish odour. A sweet/phenolic odour replaced the glue/varnish odour after the leached media were diluted with Milli-Q water to threshold odour intensity. Three compounds were responsible for the sweet/phenolic odour and were observed by sensory-GC analysis. The leaching study of the PVC pipe with its joint solvents (primer and cement) concluded that the original solvent compounds, and their reaction products that formed during the bonding process on the PVC pipe, were a primary source of the glue/varnish odour. The original compounds of the PVC primer and cement were not detected by CLSA-GC/MS, due to their high volatility during the CLSA extraction method and/or these compounds appeared in a solvent peak of the GC/MS analysis. However, the original primer and cement chemicals (acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone) had a glue/varnish odour. A total of nine odorous GC peaks were produced as reaction products from leaching of primer in water and white or grey PVC pipe with primer and cement, and white or grey PVC with primer only. None of these compounds were among the chemical ingredients in the original primer or cement. Four GC peaks with a sweet/phenolic odour were present due to the reaction products of the cement leached with white or grey PVC. None of these compounds were positively identified.

Detection Limit for Ra-228 in Drinking Water by Gamma Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Semkow ◽  
Abdul J. Khan ◽  
Traci A. Menia ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Liang T. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry

A transmission-type triple grating spectrograph for improved laser scattering diagnostics of low-density plasmas used in chemical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1932-1946
Author(s):  
Kevin Finch ◽  
Aldo Hernandez ◽  
Yue She ◽  
Songyue Shi ◽  
Gerardo Gamez
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Plasma Species

An improved transmission-type triple grating spectrograph permits 2D mapping of plasma species via laser scattering closer to surfaces, at faster measurement time, and the lowest electron density detection limit reported.

scholarly journals Spectrometric Determination of Heavy Metals Present in Mango Fruit of Nepali Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Naresh Pant ◽  
Anup Subedee ◽  
Ram Bahadur Gharti ◽  
Santu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric

Quantitative determination of heavy metals; Fe, Zn, Co, Pb and Ni in Mango fruit of Nepali origin, locally sourced was carried out. Fifteen Mango samples were collected by random sampling method, converted into analyte sample by standard method and analyzed by using Atomic absorption spectrometric method. The amount of heavy metals Fe, Zn, Co and Ni present in sample was, 0.570±0.48, 0.510±0.031, 0.431±0.021, 0.106±0.003 mg/kg respectively. The results indicated the concentration of Zn & Co were higher (WHO 0.320 & 0.05), and the concentration of Nickel (Ni) was below the maximum permissible limit issued by WHO. The concentration of the Lead (Pb) was found below the detection limit of the instrument used.

On-wafer fabricated free-chlorine sensor with ppb detection limit for drinking-water monitoring

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert van den Berg ◽  
Alain Grisel ◽  
Elisabeth Verney-Norberg ◽  
Bart H. van der Schoot ◽  
Milena Koudelka-Hep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Water Monitoring
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