An assessment of sewage sludge stability with a specific oxygen utilization rate (SOUR) test method

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Samson ◽  
G. A. Ekama
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Biodegradable Organic Matter

Sewage sludge treatment systems are intended to stabilize the sludge so that its disposal or reuse can be environmentally acceptable. However, stabilized sludges may still contain residual biodegradable organic matter that can be environmentally a nuisance. This paper presents a specific oxygen utilization rate [SOUR, mgO2/(gVSS·h)] batch reactor test method to quantify the residual biodegradable organic matter content of the treated (stabilized) sewage sludges. The results of the study, in which 37 SOUR batch tests were done on 10 different sewage sludges, show that the SOUR, when determined over a prolonged period (4 to 5 days), gives an indirect measure of sludge stability defined as the % soluble and particulate residual biodegradable organics in the sludge; to determine % sludge stability, it is necessary to simulate the experimental SOUR data by means of a general activated sludge model. The % sludge stability obtained for the 10 different sludges, taking due account of their soluble and particulate constituents, was consistent with that expected from the stabilization treatment systems to which the sludges were subjected.

Floc-Load as It Relates to Enzymatic Transfer of Soluble Substrate and Sludge Bulking Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
M. C. Goronszy ◽  
W. W. Eckenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Process ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Sorptive Capacity ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Sludge Bulking ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Soluble Substrate ◽  
Specific Oxygen Utilization Rate

Floc-load and enzymatic transfer of soluble substrate from a wastewater into microorganisms in an activated sludge floe are related. In the absence of other metabolic selectivity pressures, this rapid sequestering of available soluble organics is required for the avoidance of filamentous sludge bulking in various reactor configurations. The specific oxygen utilization rate response to floc-loading is a measure of the magnitude of the enzymatic transfer capacity of a biomass and can be used to determine its maximum sorptive capacity. During the transfer process the biomass Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content undergoes a rapid depletion for 20-30 minutes before increasing again. Relevant parameters associated with soluble substrate removal and floc-forming selectivity mechanisms are summarized.

scholarly journals Oxygen utilization and downward carbon flux in an oxygen-depleted eddy in the eastern tropical North Atlantic

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5633-5647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Fiedler ◽  
Damian S. Grundle ◽  
Florian Schütte ◽  
Johannes Karstensen ◽  
Carolin R. Löscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Underwater Gliders ◽  
Tropical North Atlantic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate

Abstract. The occurrence of mesoscale eddies that develop suboxic environments at shallow depth (about 40–100 m) has recently been reported for the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Their hydrographic structure suggests that the water mass inside the eddy is well isolated from ambient waters supporting the development of severe near-surface oxygen deficits. So far, hydrographic and biogeochemical characterization of these eddies was limited to a few autonomous surveys, with the use of moorings, underwater gliders and profiling floats. In this study we present results from the first dedicated biogeochemical survey of one of these eddies conducted in March 2014 near the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO). During the survey the eddy core showed oxygen concentrations as low as 5 µmol kg−1 with a pH of around 7.6 at approximately 100 m depth. Correspondingly, the aragonite saturation level dropped to 1 at the same depth, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for calcifying organisms. To our knowledge, such enhanced acidity within near-surface waters has never been reported before for the open Atlantic Ocean. Vertical distributions of particulate organic matter and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM), generally showed elevated concentrations in the surface mixed layer (0–70 m), with DOM also accumulating beneath the oxygen minimum. With the use of reference data from the upwelling region where these eddies are formed, the oxygen utilization rate was calculated by determining oxygen consumption through the remineralization of organic matter. Inside the core, we found these rates were almost 1 order of magnitude higher (apparent oxygen utilization rate (aOUR); 0.26 µmol kg−1 day−1) than typical values for the open North Atlantic. Computed downward fluxes for particulate organic carbon (POC), were around 0.19 to 0.23 g C m−2 day−1 at 100 m depth, clearly exceeding fluxes typical for an oligotrophic open-ocean setting. The observations support the view that the oxygen-depleted eddies can be viewed as isolated, westwards propagating upwelling systems of their own, thereby represent re-occurring alien biogeochemical environments in the ETNA.

Sulfide production and wastewater quality – investigations in a pilot plant pressure sewer

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tanaka ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship linking sulfide production rate and wastewater quality in terms of its biodegradability was studied using a pilot plant pressure sewer (inner diameter: 102 mm, length: 47 m). Furthermore, anaerobic transformations of wastewater organic matter were investigated. Wastewater characterization based on oxygen utilization rate (OUR) measurements and VFA analyses was employed. As wastewater quality parameters essential for the sulfide production, COD components and dissolved carbohydrate were focused on. Readily biodegradable substrate and fermentable, readily biodegradable substrate were better parameters than traditional dissolved COD for the prediction of sulfide production rates in a pressure sewer. From the results obtained, it was possible to integrate the sulfide production process with the transformation processes of wastewater organic matter in pressure sewers.

Important limitations in the modeling of activated sludge: biased calibration of the hydrolysis process

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Insel ◽  
Ö. Karahan Gül ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem ◽  
M. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Models

The merit of activated sludge models depends on the accuracy and reliability of the information they contain on the wastewater to be treated and the biochemical mechanisms involved. In most advanced calibration studies, respirometry i.e. the measurement of the oxygen utilization rate, (OUR), provides the majority of the required experimental database. However, currently used procedures still involve a number of basic and practical problems. Model evaluation of the OUR data may generate a distorted image of the processes involved. Hydrolysis is the most important, yet the most vulnerable process as far as the experimental assessment of accurate kinetic parameters is concerned. This study intends to provide an overview of major experimental limitations in the modeling of activated sludge, with emphasis on the appropriate experimental design for the assessment of the hydrolysis rate.

Correct manipulation method of MBR operating parameters in membrane fouling studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kayaalp ◽  
C. Kinaci
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Common Application

In this study, various parameter manipulation methods, variable sludge retention time (SRT)–variable mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration, constant SRT–variable MLSS concentration and variable SRT–constant MLSS concentration, were compared based on the interrelationships among the following membrane bioreactor operating parameters: SRT, food to microorganisms (biomass) (F/M) ratio, MLSS concentration, volumetric organic loading rate (OLR) and membrane flux. Although it is the most applied method, concurrent change of SRT (or F/M ratio) and MLSS concentration is not a good parameter manipulation method because it causes unnecessary changes in many other parameters such as viscosity, oxygen transfer efficiency and oxygen utilization rate. The method of constant SRT–variable MLSS concentration has similar disadvantages to the method of variable SRT–variable MLSS concentration. The best alternative parameter manipulation method to study membrane fouling is the method of variable SRT–constant MLSS concentration because this method eliminates unnecessary changes in other parameters. In addition, while changing OLR or hydraulic retention time (HRT), contrary to the common application, membrane flux should be kept constant because any change in flux overrides changes in other parameters. Accordingly, required changes in OLR or HRT should be made by adjusting membrane area rather than membrane flux.

Activated Sludge Process Control Using Dissolved Oxygen Measurements

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Marsili-Libelli
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Output Controller ◽  
Combined Estimation ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Oxygen Measurements

This paper describes a combined estimation/control scheme conceived to handle unmeasurable process quantities, such as viable mass in the aerobic reactor. Starting with the well known dissolved oxygen dynamic balance, an algorithm for the reconstruction of the oxygen utilization rate is derived, which in turn is used to mechanize a nonlinear state observer for the process variables. Eventually this cascaded double observer is coupled to a digital PID controller, thus forming an overall output controller based solely on dissolved oxygen measurements. Simulation analysis is used to assess the composite output controller performance and sensitivity.

Dive behavior and estimated energy expenditure of foraging humpback whales in southeast Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ford Dolphin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Oxygen Utilization Rate ◽  
Time And Energy

The ventilatory and dive behaviors of humpback whales were studied during July–September 1982–1984 in the area of Frederick Sound, Alaska. Oxygen utilization and energy expenditure were estimated based upon observed blow rates and calculated tidal volume during foraging at identified depths between 0 and 120 m. Duration of dive, duration of surfacing, and number of blows per surfacing were all strongly correlated with depth of dive. Dives tended to be short (57.4% were less than 2.8 min in duration) and shallow (84.6% were to depths of less than 60 m). Humpback whales dived and returned to the surface directly, which allowed for calculation of the time spent at depth in different diving situations. The percent of time spent at the surface tended to increase with increasing depth of dive and exhibited a marked increase at depths surpassing 60 m. The lowest oxygen utilization rate was found during dives 41–60 m in depth. Oxygen utilization per ventilation–dive cycle was strongly and positively correlated with depth of dive. It is postulated that dives to depths of 41–60 m (4–6 min in duration) represent the aerobic limit of humpback whales. Dives exceeding these limits result in anaerobic metabolism and, consequently, an inefficient use of time and energy resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document