On-line control of a SBR system for nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andreottola ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
M. Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plywood Industry ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
System Operating

In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted applying the SBR activated sludge process to a wastewater from a wood factory operating on plywood production. Due to the fact that the wastewater is characterised with a high concentration of ammonia, the aim was to evaluate the nitrogen removal process with SBR system operating with a on-line control of ORP, pH and DO. The complete ammonia removal corresponded exactly to the “Ammonia Valley” in the pH versus time graphic. The ammonia removal efficiency in SBR was 99% at 20°C. The denitrification reaction was completed when in the ORP versus time graphic appeared the “Nitrate Knee”. From the experimental results the optimisation of the SBR cycle allowed the doubling of the applied load with respect to a not optimised cycle (performed in the same volume reactor), without a decrease in the removal efficiency. Moreover, the possibility of stopping the aeration just after the appearance of the Ammonia Valley allows an energy saving. The easy operation and the low cost make the SBR system an interesting option for the biological pre-treatment of plywood industry to be discharged into surface water.

Nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater via nitrite and the process optimization with on-line control

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Z. Li ◽  
C.Y. Peng ◽  
Y.Z. Peng ◽  
P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Removal ◽  
On Line ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Easy Operation

In this study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater. The results indicate that by selective inhibition of free ammonia on oxidizers, nitrogen removal can be achieved by nitritation and denitritation process. The nitrite ratio was above 98% in the aerobic stage and the nitrogen removal efficiency was about 99%. The complete ammonia removal corresponded exactly to the “Ammonia Valley” in the pH versus time graphic and the anoxic reaction was completed when the “Nitrite Knee” appeared in the ORP versus time graphic. Optimization of the SBR cycle by step-feed and on-line control with pH and ORP strategy allowed the carbon and energy saving. The easy operation and the low cost make the SBR system an interesting option for the biological nitrogen removal from the pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater.

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Landfill Leachate by Ultrasound/Ultraviolet Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 536-539
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xu Ya Peng ◽  
Qi Tian ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment

Landfill leachate treatment is a major problem to be solved in the field of environmental protection, and ammonia nitrogen is one of the major pollutants in landfill leachate, whose processing technology needs further improvement. In this paper, ultrasound/ultraviolet co-oxidation technology was directly applied to the treatment of high concentration landfill leachate without the pretreatment operations of dilution, filter, and adjusting the pH conditions. The results showed that: ultrasonic and ultraviolet had certain effects on the ammonia nitrogen removal, and the ammonia nitrogen removing effects became better when the ultrasonic power was greater, or the ultraviolet wavelength was shorter. When the ultrasonic power was 100 W, the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 25.2%, and the UV of 254 nm could decompose 20.2% of the ammonia nitrogen in landfill leathate. In the condition of aeration, ultrasonic and ultraviolet had good synergistic effect on leachate ammonia nitrogen treatment. When the ultrasonic power was 100 W, UV wavelength was 254 nm, and the aeration rate was 150 L/h, the ammonia removal efficiency of high concentration leachate (ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1800 mg/L) reached 98.5% after 6 hours. The paper's research results provide a useful reference for the removal of landfill leachate ammonia nitrogen.

scholarly journals Start-up Strategies for Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) in In-Situ Nitrogen Removal from Polluted Groundwater in Rare Earth Mining Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4591
Author(s):  
Shuanglei Huang ◽  
Daishe Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity

The tremendous input of ammonium and rare earth element (REE) ions released by the enormous consumption of (NH4)2SO4 in in situ leaching for ion-adsorption RE mining caused serious ground and surface water contamination. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was a sustainable in situ technology that can reduce this nitrogen pollution. In this research, in situ, semi in situ, and ex situ method of inoculation that included low-concentration (0.02 mg·L−1) and high-concentration (0.10 mg·L−1) lanthanum (La)(III) were adopted to explore effective start-up strategies for starting up anammox reactors seeded with activated sludge and anammox sludge. The reactors were refrigerated for 30 days at 4 °C to investigate the effects of La(III) during a period of low-temperature. The results showed that the in situ and semi in situ enrichment strategies with the addition of La(III) at a low-concentration La(III) addition (0.02 mg·L−1) reduced the length of time required to reactivate the sludge until it reached a state of stable anammox activity and high nitrogen removal efficiency by 60–71 days. The addition of La(III) promoted the formation of sludge floc with a compact structure that enabled it to resist the adverse effects of low temperature and so to maintain a high abundance of AnAOB and microbacterial community diversity of sludge during refrigeration period. The addition of La(III) at a high concentration caused the cellular percentage of AnAOB to decrease from 54.60 ± 6.19% to 17.35 ± 6.69% during the enrichment and reduced nitrogen removal efficiency to an unrecoverable level to post-refrigeration.

Automated sequencing batch bioreactor under extreme peaks of 4-chlorophenol

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buitrón ◽  
M.-E. Schoeb ◽  
J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
System Operating

The operation of a sequencing batch bioreactor is evaluated when high concentration peaks of a toxic compound (4-chlorophenol, 4CP) are introduced into the reactor. A control strategy based on the dissolved oxygen concentration, measured on line, is utilized. To detect the end of the reaction period, the automated system search for the moment when the dissolved oxygen has passed by a minimum, as a consequence of the metabolic activity of the microorganisms and right after to a maximum due to the saturation of the water (similar to the self-cycling fermentation, SCF, strategy). The dissolved oxygen signal was sent to a personal computer via data acquisition and control using MATLAB and the SIMULINK package. The system operating under the automated strategy presented a stable operation when the acclimated microorganisms (to an initial concentration of 350 mg 4CP/L), were exposed to a punctual concentration peaks of 600 mg 4CP/L. The 4CP concentrations peaks superior or equals to 1,050 mg/L only disturbed the system from a short to a medium term (one month). The 1,400 mg/L peak caused a shutdown in the metabolic activity of the microorganisms that led to the reactor failure. The biomass acclimated with the SCF strategy can partially support the variations of the toxic influent since, at the moment in which the influent become inhibitory, there is a failure of the system.

scholarly journals Micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) for efficient COD and nitrogen removal of high-concentration wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejun Bian ◽  
Zebing Nie ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Shengshu Ai ◽  
Suiyi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pressure Swirl

Abstract A micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) was developed for carbon and nitrogen removal of wastewater, in which dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient and internal circulation could be created by setting the aerators along one side of the reactor, and micro-pressure could be realized by sealing most of the top cap and increasing the outlet water level. In this study, velocity and DO distribution in the reactor was measured, removal performance treating high-concentration wastewater was investigated, and the main functional microorganisms were analyzed. The experiment results indicated that there was stable swirl flow and spatial DO gradient in MPSR. Operated in sequencing batch reactor mode, distinct biological environments spatially and temporally were created. Under the average influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 2,884 mg/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 184 mg/L, COD removal efficiency and removal loading was 98% and 1.8 kgCOD/(m3·d) respectively, and TN removal efficiency and removal loading reached up to 90% and 0.11 kgTN/(m3·d) respectively. With efficient utilization of DO and simpler configuration for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the MPSR has the potential of treating high-concentration wastewater at lower cost.

scholarly journals Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Ariani Dwi Astuti ◽  
Dewi Intania Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Small Industries

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth

Study on the Conversion of Ammonia by Electrochemical Oxidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1355-1361
Author(s):  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Jin Guo Dai ◽  
Zhi Hui Liang ◽  
Hong Bo Fan ◽  
Si Hao Lv
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Electrolysis Process ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The removal of high concentration ammonia in wastewater was investigated by an indirect electrochemical oxidation method using titanium electrodes coated with ruthenium and iridium (RuO2-IrO2-TiO2/Ti). The effect of different initial pH on ammonia removal by electrochemical oxidation was studied. The concentrations variation of ammonia, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrite, and free cholorines, chloramines was analyzed under the conditions with and without pH controlling. The results indicate that ammonia removal efficiency was higher under the moderate alkaline condition than that under neutral one. During the electrolysis process, nitrate and nitrite concentrations were very low, even below their detecting limits. The concentrations of free chlorines and chloramines were significantly affected by pH, as trichloramine and free chlorines were mainly produced in the reaction without pH controlling, while monochloramine was mainly produced in a stable alkalescene.

Nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater with high concentration of ammonia and free ammonia via partial nitrification and denitrification

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Z. Peng ◽  
Y.Z. Li ◽  
C.Y. Peng ◽  
S.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Study Laboratory

In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were conducted applying a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) activated sludge process to a wastewater stream from a pharmaceutical factory. Nitrogen removal can be achieved via partial nitrification and denitrification and the efficiency was above 99% at 23°C ± 1. The experimental results indicated that the nitrite oxidizers were more sensitive than ammonia oxidizers to the free ammonia in the wastewater. The average accumulation rate of nitrite was much higher than that of nitrate. During nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway, the end of nitrification and denitrification can be exactly decided by monitoring the variation of pH. Consequently, on-line control for nitrogen removal from the pharmaceutical manufacturing wastewater can be achieved and the cost of operation can be reduced.

An on-line optimisation of a SBR cycle for carbon and nitrogen removal based on on-line pH and OUR: the role of dissolved oxygen control

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puig ◽  
Ll. Corominas ◽  
A. Traore ◽  
J. Colomer ◽  
M.D. Balaguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Control ◽  
On Line

A pilot plant sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was applied in a wastewater treatment plant treating urban wastewater focused on carbon and nitrogen removal. From an initial predefined step-feed cycle definition, the evolution of the on-line monitored pH and calculated oxygen uptake rate (OUR) were analysed in terms of knowledge extraction. First, the aerobic phases of the SBR cycle were operated using an On/Off dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategy that concluded with a sinusoidal pH profile that made detecting the “ammonia valley” difficult. After changing to fuzzy logic control of the dissolved oxygen and by adding an air flow meter to the pilot plant, the pH evolution and on-line calculated OUR showed a clearer trend during the aerobic phases. Finally, a proposed algorithm for adjusting the aerobic phases of the SBR for carbon and ammonia removal is presented and discussed.

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