New parameter for monitoring fouling during ultrafiltration of WWTP effluent

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Roorda ◽  
J. H.J.M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

Abstract Variations in water quality of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent complicate ultrafiltration of this feed water. Traditional parameters do not provide sufficient information to explain the fouling of membranes during ultrafiltration of WWTP effluent. New parameters for measuring and monitoring the fouling potential of feed water for ultrafiltration membranes need to be developed. The normalised membrane fouling index for ultrafiltration membranes (MFI-UFn) can be used as such and is according to the cake filtration theory calculated from the ratio of filtration time and filtration volume as a function of the filtration volume. MFI-UFn can be calculated from both experiments with constant Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP) and from experiments with constant flux. This parameter can also be calculated independent of the scale of the experiment. Results show that differences in fouling potential can be measured for various feed waters using the same membrane type and for various membrane types using the same feed water. Variation in feed water quality leads to a deviation of the MFI-UFn, as was found especially for WWTP effluent. The applied TMP influences the value of the MFI-UFn, indicating cake compression when applying a higher TMP. MFI-UFn can be used to identify the effect of pre-treatment methods, which is useful when using WWTP effluent as feed water for an ultrafiltration processes.

Toxicity and pollutant impact analysis in an urban river due to combined sewer overflows loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Casadio ◽  
M. Maglionico ◽  
A. Bolognesi ◽  
S. Artina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

The Navile Channel (Bologna, Italy) is an ancient artificial water course derived from the Reno river. It is the main receiving water body for the urban catchment of Bologna sewer systems and also for the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) main outlet. The aim of this work is to evaluate the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) impact on Navile Channel's water quality. In order to collect Navile flow and water quality data in both dry and wet weather conditions, two measuring and sampling stations were installed, right upstream and downstream the WWTP outflow. The study shows that even in case of low intensity rain events, CSOs have a significant effect on both water quantity and quality, spilling a considerable amount of pollutants into the Navile Channel and presenting also acute toxicity effects. The collected data shown a good correlations between the concentrations of TSS and of chemical compounds analyzed, suggesting that the most part of such substances is attached to suspended solids. Resulting toxicity values are fairly high in both measuring points and seem to confirm synergistic interactions between heavy metals.

scholarly journals APLIKASI MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR) UNTUK PROSES DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Recycled Waste

The population is growing rapidly result to increased demand for drinking water while the other side of this situation causes to the increasing amount of wastewater. Waste water treatment plant has been built in several major cities in Indonesia to overcome the problem of pollution.  Wastewater treatment plant only treats wastewater to tackle environmental pollution without being able to overcome the shortage of clean water community. Therefore, to solve the existing problems will be considered any further processing with recycled waste water treatment. One technology that may be developed for this purpose is the system of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). This has been widely applied as an advanced unit of wastewater treatment and serves as a unit of processing recycled waste water. The MBR system has advantages such as: it only takes a little bit of land, can treat wastewater with discharge varying quality and process wastewater with high pollutant removal efficiency. MBR were investigated using a membrane filter submerged in the reactor. Membrane module is hollow fiber with a form of polymeric membrane materials. Research has been done on wastewater treatment with a combination of conventional WWTP as preliminary and advanced processing unit with MBR since March 4, 2014 until June 2014. The effluent quality  of result research proved that  the treated water quality meets  water quality standards are set with  Permenkes RI N0.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, dated 3 September 1990. The nitrification and denitrification also proceed well so that the concentration of nitrite and nitrate meet the quality standards. In addition, the percentage removal of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium, lead) can reach 99%. Keywords: MBR, wastewater reuse, BOD5, COD, HRT dan SRT

scholarly journals Detection of Outliers and Imputing of Missing Values for Water Quality UV-VIS Absorbance Time Series

Ingeniería ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Leonardo Plazas-Nossa ◽  
Miguel Antonio Ávila Angulo ◽  
Andres Torres
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Hydrologic Time Series

Context: The UV-Vis absorbance collection using online optical captors for water quality detection may yield outliers and/or missing values. Therefore, data pre-processing is a necessary pre-requisite to monitoring data processing. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a method that detects and removes outliers as well as fills gaps in time series.Method: Outliers are detected using Winsorising procedure and the application of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the Inverse of Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to complete the time series. Together, these tools were used to analyse a case study comprising three sites in Colombia ((i) Bogotá D.C. Salitre-WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant), influent; (ii) Bogotá D.C. Gibraltar Pumping Station (GPS); and, (iii) Itagüí, San Fernando-WWTP, influent (Medellín metropolitan area)) analysed via UV-Vis (Ultraviolet and Visible) spectra.Results: Outlier detection with the proposed method obtained promising results when window parameter values are small and self-similar, despite that the three time series exhibited different sizes and behaviours. The DFT allowed to process different length gaps having missing values. To assess the validity of the proposed method, continuous subsets (a section) of the absorbance time series without outlier or missing values were removed from the original time series obtaining an average 12% error rate in the three testing time series.Conclusions: The application of the DFT and the IFFT, using the 10% most important harmonics of useful values, can be useful for its later use in different applications, specifically for time series of water quality and quantity in urban sewer systems. One potential application would be the analysis of dry weather interesting to rain events, a feat achieved by detecting values that correspond to unusual behaviour in a time series. Additionally, the result hints at the potential of the method in correcting other hydrologic time series.

Phosphorus and nitrogen profile measurements to locate phosphorus limitation in a fixed bed filter

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Scherrenberg ◽  
H. W. H. Menkveld ◽  
M. Bechger ◽  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Filter Bed

The European Union presented in 2000 the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Within the WFD approach the focus is more and more on ultra low nitrogen (<2.2 mg N-total/L) and phosphorus concentrations (<0.15 mg P-total/L) in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.2 mg N-total/L can be reached with denitrifying filters as a tertiary treatment step. When combining nitrogen and chemical phosphorus removal in a filter, phosphorus limitation may occur. After nitrite accumulation, caused by phosphorus limitation, was measured in the filtrate water of the dual media filter, research was started to locate, to understand and to solve the problem. Profile measurements for nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphorus (PO4-P) combined with COD and O2 were conducted. Results show that the minimal required PO4-P/NOx-N ratio is 0.006 mg/mg after coagulation and flocculation. Profile measurements have proven to be a useful tool. It showed how nitrate and orthophosphorus are removed through the filter bed and it showed the consequences for the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio. When orthophosphorus is removed more rapidly compared to nitrate the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio decreases. When the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio becomes below 0.006 mg/mg for a certain period of time, orthophosphorus limitation occurs. The solution can be either changing the filter bed configuration or decreasing the coagulant dosage.

Upgrading Vienna's wastewater treatment plant – linking point source emissions to Environmental Quality Standards

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gabriel ◽  
Katerina Ruzicka ◽  
Norbert Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Environmental Quality Standards

The new water quality protection approach of the EU combines the control of emissions with instream Environmental Quality Standards (=EQS). Since 1 April 2006 and actually relevant in the version of 2010 in Austria, priority substances from list A of the EUROPEAN DIERECTIVE 76/464 and further EQS of relevant chemical substances (list B), identified by a national risk assessment, have to be reached to achieve a good ecological state in the surface water (Edict for Water Quality Standards, 2006; changes to the Edict for Water Quality Standards 2010). The practical assessment of these substances after point source emissions is prescribed in the Edict, but rarely carried out. In this paper, two substances, namely: (1) ammonium (list B); and (2) nonylphenol, an endocrine disrupting compound (list A) are presented to discuss: (i) the improvement of treatment efficiency due to the upgrade of a large Waste Water Treatment Plant (=WWTP); (ii) the relevance of mixing processes and modelling as a method to control EQS after point source emissions; and (iii) the improvement of water quality in the ambient surface waters. It is shown that the improved treatment in the case of nonylphenol leads to emission values which fall below the EQS, making an assessment unnecessary. In the case of ammonium emission, values are significantly reduced and violation of EQS is avoided, while mixing modelling is shown to be a suitable instrument to address the resulting instream concentrations at different border conditions.

Operational River Water Quality Management

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Jowitt ◽  
J P Lumbers ◽  
M B Beck ◽  
W O Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Operational Control

The developments in water pollution control legislation and their interpretation are discussed in the context of the current need to establish flexible operational control hierarchies reflecting conflicting uses of surface waters and overall basin economy. Fussy logic is proposed as a technique to aid the reconciliation of within-plant and within-receiving water operational targets with the consistent interpretation of statutory requirements. An example simulation of the control of a waste-water treatment plant to meet time-varying river water quality objectives is presented in support of the argument.

First estimation of occurrence and fate of organic substances in combined sewer systems with pollution load simulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer

Emissions of selected organic substances from a hypothetical combined sewer system are calculated by pollution load simulation. The results are subsequently discussed. First, representative concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4-N) and eight selected organics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), isoproturone, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), ibuprofen, 17-ß-estradiol (E2), 17-a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), ethyl-enediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilo triaceticacid (NTA)) in dry weather flow, surface runoff and effluent of WWTP in combined sewer systems are stated based on a literature survey. The second part of the paper presents pollution load simulations and first calculations of possible dis-tributions of organics in combined sewer systems for a hypothetical catchment. Different scenarios of annual discharge loads of main emission matrices of the catchment (waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and combined sewer overflow (CSO)) are compared to determine significant dis-charge points. The results of the pollution load simulations show that generally discharges from the WWTP dominate the total emissions of combined sewer systems. Nevertheless, emissions from CSOs are not negligible in some cases (e.g. for estradiol). In summary, the results give first indications about possible strategies to reduce pollutant emissions from combined sewer systems. The paper also formulates recommendations for the selected organic compounds.

Innovation of conventional water treatment techniques in effluent reclamation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
J.F. Kramer ◽  
J.H.J.M. van der Graaf ◽  
R.T. van der Velde ◽  
E. van't Oever ◽  
A.A.L. van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

For reclamation of waste water treatment plant (wwtp) effluent, conventional water treatment techniques used in drinking water supply may be suitable. Earlier studies and experiments showed that the most promising cost-effective conventional techniques to polish wwtp effluent are coagulation and rapid multi-media filtration (direct filtration). In the past 4 years these techniques were tested in long term experiments on pilot scale (5-10 m3/h) at several waste water treatment plants in The Netherlands. For successful application of direct filtration for the removal of suspended solids and colloidal material careful consideration is needed with the coagulation conditions. However additional treatment is required to meet the standards for household and process water with respect to ammonium, colour, pathogens and (biodegradable) organic substances.

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