Accumulation of organic matter fractions in a gravel-bed constructed wetland

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic Solids ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani

The function of a gravel-bed wetland in treating wastewaters is dependent on the turn-over rate of organic matter (OM) fractions in accumulated solids. Organic deposits from a gravel-bed planted (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) wetland, which had experienced pore clogging after 5 years of receiving farm dairy wastewater were therefore collected and determined for labile (water-soluble) and stable (humic acid, fulvic acid and humin) OM fractions, total carbon (C), microbial biomass and microbial respiration rate. Over 90% of the accumulated organic solids was present as stable fractions, with humic compounds at least 2-fold higher in surface deposits and the top 100mm of the gravel bed than the lower gravel substratum. Clogging of the gravel pore spaces over a 5-year wetland operation was probably due to the accumulation of refractory (stable) organic solids, particularly in the top 100 mm of the gravel bed. Microbial respiration rate and microbial biomass were significantly correlated with stable OM fractions, suggesting that these microbial parameters may be used to predict the nature of accumulated OM fractions. Further research is required to evaluate the use of these parameters as indicators of labile and stable fractions in wetlands with a range of OM loadings and accumulation.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community Structure and Physicochemical Properties in Amomum tsaoko-based Agroforestry Systems in the Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhou Liu ◽  
Man Jin ◽  
Chuantao Cai ◽  
Chaonan Ma ◽  
Zhongsuzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

Amomum tsaoko is cultivated in forests of tropical and subtropical regions of China, and the planting area is expanding gradually. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of A. tsaoko cultivation on the soil characteristics of the regions. We analyzed the effects of the A. tsaoko-forest agroforestry system (AFs) on the composition of soil microbial communities with increasing stand ages. We also compared the soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition between native forest (NF) and AFs. The results showed that the level of total carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter dramatically dropped in AFs with increasing stand ages. pH affected other soil properties and showed close correlation to total carbon (P = 0.0057), total nitrogen (P = 0.0146), organic matter (P = 0.0075), hydrolyzable nitrogen (P = 0.0085), available phosphorus (P < 0.0001), and available potassium (P = 0.0031). PLFAs of bacteria (F = 4.650, P = 0.037), gram-positive bacteria (F = 6.640, P = 0.015), anaerobe (F = 5.672, P = 0.022), and total PLFA (F = 4.349, P = 0.043) were significantly affected by different treatments, with the greatest value for NF treatment, and least value for AF5. However, the microbial biomass declined during the initial 5 years of cultivation, but it reached the previous level after more than 10 years of cultivation. Our research suggests that AFs is a profitable land-use practice in the Gaoligong Mountains and that AFs showed a recovering trend of the soil nutrient condition with increasing stand ages. However, the severe loss of nitrogen in the soil of AFs requires additional nitrogen during cultivation to restore it to pre-cultivation levels.

scholarly journals Is dairy wastewater safe for production of edible microbial biomass: A case study of Saras dairy plant at Jaipur, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Gaur ◽  
Nupur Mathur ◽  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Influent Wastewater

Mismanagement of wastewater at large scale may lead to catastrophic environmental and health consequences. Microbial remediation of wastewater is one of the most effective low-cost solutions. There are also initiatives to use wastewater for production edible biomass as an alternative for protein diets. While much researches were oriented towards maximum recovery of biomass and applications, less were focused on mutagenicity of dairy wastewater. In this study, we examined wastewater of one of the largest dairy industries in Rajasthan for its suitability for microbial biomass production and mutagenicity. Influent wastewater was collected from Saras dairy plant, Jaipur, for over a week. Physiochemical properties of wastewater were examined, such as; temperature, pH, salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, conductivity, BOD, COD, total carbon, and total nitrogen. SOS chromotest and Salmonella fluctuation test (TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102) were carried out at variable concentration of wastewater to assess mutagenic activity. Results indicated ideal pH, temperature and salinity, for microbial remediation. High TOC and TKN were also observed in the investigated wastewater, which is few of the prerequisites for single cell production. The ratio of BOD and COD was between 0.3-0.4, making the wastewater ideal for microbial growth. No mutagenic activity was observed by SOS chromotest, all three concentrations (C 0.01, C 0.1, and C 0.2) investigated in this study were <1.5 IF. Likewise, mutagenic ratio for all three types of Salmonella revertants were below 1.2 threshold, for investigated concentrations (C 0.5, C 1, and C 10) of wastewater. Conclusively, examined influent wastewater is less likely to induce mutagenic activity at the investigated concentration. Through physiochemical analysis, the investigated wastewater assumed to be candidate substrate for microbial biomass production.

scholarly journals The Structure of Humic Substances in the Agricultural Genetically Modified Soils of the Kansk Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9613-9616
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
False Flax

In two long-arable areas that were intended for sowing rapeseed and false flax for oilseeds at LLC «Experimental Industrial Farm Solyanskoye» in the Kansk forest-steppe, the structure and humus substances reserves in agrochernozems were studied. The soil cover of key plot No. 1 with the wide-steeply-sloping terrain with weakly pronounced microrelief, which was intended for rape, was dominated by typical medium and strong clayey-illuvial agrochernozems. Key plot No. 2 intended for false flax was located on a smooth hillside of a wide ridge and was characterized by the complexity of the soil cover represented by a combination of clay-illuvial typical agrochernozems of various kinds, thick podzolized clay-illuvial agrochernozems, and thin cryogenic micellar agrochernozems. It has been shown that agrochernozems featured high content of humus in the layer both 0 – 20 and 0 – 40 cm thick. The content of humus carbon (Ctot) and that of carbon of the water-soluble organic matter (CH2O) had little spatial variability (CV = 1.3 – 11.7 %), unlike the carbon content of the alkali-soluble organic matter (C 0.1 n. NaOH), which in the studied agrochernozems had a very high degree of spatial variability (Cv = 18.7 – 66.1 %). Heterogeneity of the soil cover of the slope part of the plot was the factor that determined the average reduction in the content of the reserves of all fractions of humic substances, except for the water-soluble humus carbon. It has been found that the share of the reserves of stable humus carbon (Cstab) was 89 – 95 % of the total carbon reserves of humus, thus the share of CH2O and C0.1 n. NaOH decreased with increasing the complexity of the soil cover from 11 to 5 % of Ctotal. Fields with a pronounced meso- and microrelief and thin kinds of agrochernozems are recommended for sowing false flax, which is a crop that is less demanding to the soil conditions than rapeseed.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of microbial biomass and organic matter labile pools in a haplic planosol soil

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Campana Loureiro ◽  
Helvécio De-Polli ◽  
Marcos Bacis Ceddia ◽  
Adriana Maria de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
C And N

The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of soil microbial biomass (SMB) and labile soil organic matter pools (labile SOM), under different management systems and plant cover. The experiment was conducted in a Haplic Planosol soil on an Integrated Agroecological Production System (SIPA), in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated management systems were: alley cropping, pasture, and bush garden, the late one was used as reference area. Three grids of regular spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 meters were used for sampling, consisting of 25 georeferenced points each, where soil samples were taken at 0-10 cm depth. The following labile constituents of soil organic matter were determined: free light fraction (FLF), water soluble C and N, C and N of SMB (SMB-C and SMB-N), and glomalin content. The textural fractions (sand, silt, and clay), pH in water, and chemical attributes (organic C, total N, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, and CEC-cation exchange capacity) were also determined. The areas of alley cropping and pasture showed spatial dependence to the attributes of SOM. The occurrence of high spatial dependence for the attributes associated to microbial biomass in the alley cropping system (C, FLF, SMB-N and respiration), probably was due to external factors related to management, such as: intensive rotational cropping system, diversity of crops and different inputs of organic matter to soil such as pruning material and organic compost.

Is dairy wastewater safe for production of edible microbial biomass: A case study of Saras Dairy plant at Jaipur, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Gaur ◽  
Nupur Mathur ◽  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Influent Wastewater

Mismanagement of wastewater at large scale may lead to catastrophic environmental and health consequences. Microbial remediation of wastewater is one of the most effective low-cost solutions. There are also initiatives to use wastewater for production edible biomass as an alternative for protein diets. While much researches were oriented towards maximum recovery of biomass and applications, less were focused on mutagenicity of dairy wastewater. In this study, we examined wastewater of one of the largest dairy industries in Rajasthan for its suitability for microbial biomass production and mutagenicity. Influent wastewater was collected from Saras dairy plant, Jaipur, for over a week. Physiochemical properties of wastewater were examined, such as; temperature, pH, salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, conductivity, BOD, COD, total carbon, and total nitrogen. SOS chromotest and Salmonella fluctuation test (TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102) were carried out at variable concentration of wastewater to assess mutagenic activity. Results indicated ideal pH, temperature and salinity, for microbial remediation. High TOC and TKN were also observed in the investigated wastewater, which is few of the prerequisites for single cell production. The ratio of BOD and COD was between 0.3-0.4, making the wastewater ideal for microbial growth. No mutagenic activity was observed by SOS chromotest, all three concentrations (C 0.01, C 0.1, and C 0.2) investigated in this study were <1.5 IF. Likewise, mutagenic ratio for all three types of Salmonella revertants were below 1.2 threshold, for investigated concentrations (C 0.5, C 1, and C 10) of wastewater. Conclusively, examined influent wastewater is less likely to induce mutagenic activity at the investigated concentration. Through physiochemical analysis, the investigated wastewater assumed to be candidate substrate for microbial biomass production.

A comparison of the organic matter, biomass, adenosine triphosphate and mineralizable nitrogen contents of ploughed and direct-drilled soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

SUMMARYSoil samples were taken from four field experiments on the growth of cereals in direct-drilled and in mouldboard-ploughed soil. When sampled, one of the experiments had run for 5 years, one for 6, one for 8 and one for 10 years. Sampling was to just below plough depth and was done on an ‘equivalent depth’ basis, i.e. the more compact direct-drilled plots were sampled more shallowly than the ploughed plots in such a way that both samples represented the same weight of soil per unit area. No significant differences in total nitrogen or in total organic carbon were observed between cultivation treatments at any of the four sites.In three of the four sites, there was no significant difference in microbial biomass carbon, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), or mineralizable nitrogen between directdrilled and ploughed soils. In the fourth, which contained more clay than the others, there was slightly more biomass carbon and ATP in the direct-drilled soil. As microbial biomass carbon (or ATP, which is closely correlated with microbial biomass carbon) responds more rapidly to changes in management than do total carbon and nitrogen, a change in biomass carbon should provide early warning of changes in soil organic matter, long before changes in total carbon and nitrogen become measurable. That no such change was observed, with one partial exception, is evidence that a change from traditional methods of cultivation to direct drilling has little effect on soil organic matter other than altering its distribution in the soil profile.

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