Aerobic bacterial spores as process indicators for protozoa cysts in water treatment plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Galofré ◽  
S. Israel ◽  
J. Dellundé ◽  
F. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Double Filtration ◽  
Aerobic Spores

The possibility of using aerobic spores as indicators (surrogates) of water treatment efficiency for the removal of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts was evaluated in a water treatment plant that supplies the Barcelona area of Spain. The water treatment consists of pre-chlorination, flocculation-sedimentation, double filtration (sand and granular activated carbon, GAC) with intermediate ozonation and post-chlorination. Aerobic spores significantly increased after GAC filtration, which indicated an active propagation of aerobic spore-formers. However, anaerobic (Clostridium) spores could be a good surrogate for Cryptosporidium oocysts, especially if their detection in samples at low concentrations was improved.

Elimination of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, turbidity and particles in a drinking water treatment plant with clarification and double filtration

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ribas ◽  
A. Bernal ◽  
J. Perramón
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Double Filtration ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The basic parameters of turbidity and counts of particles, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts are monitored in their evolution through a drinking water treatment plant. Sulphite- reducing clostridia spores and groups of bacteriophages are also monitored in relation to their potential use as indicators.

Use of chitosan in coagulation flocculation of raw water of Keddara and Beni Amrane dams

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassiba Zemmouri ◽  
Slimane Kadouche ◽  
Hakim Lounici ◽  
Madjid Hadioui ◽  
Nabil Mameri
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Different Doses

The effectiveness of chitosan as a coagulant flocculant in surface water treatment has been studied. Tests were carried out in laboratory on treated and raw water. The treated water was mixed with high and low concentrations of bentonite to simulate turbid water. This treated water provides from water treatment plant of Algiers (Boudouaou site) which is supplied by both dams of Keddara and Beni Amrane. The raw water comes directly from these two dams. Chitosan with 85% degree of deacetylation and derived from crab chitin has been used. The performance of coagulation flocculation process has been assessed by measuring the supernatant turbidity for different doses of chitosan, initial turbidity, water quality and pH. The obtained results show that chitosan can be used in a large pH range. Chitosan is effective for coagulation of bentonite suspension and for raw water with high initial turbidity. Otherwise, chitosan is inefficient for raw water with very low initial turbidity. In this case, the use of chitosan as aid coagulant with aluminium sulfate (main coagulant) allows more effectiveness in removing turbidity.

scholarly journals Estrogenic Profile of the Svratka and Svitava Rivers in the Brno Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Nekvapil ◽  
Ivana Borkovcová ◽  
Miriam Smutná ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

Estrogens are chemical compounds considered to be endocrine disruptors. They are thought to affect the endocrine system even at low concentrations found in water (ng l-1). The aim of this work was to determine estrogenic compound levels in the rivers in the Brno area. The concentration of 17β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estrone and diethylstilbestrol was estimated in the water samples collected in the Svratka and Svitava rivers. Estrogens were isolated from the samples using solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges and determined by means of reversed phase HPLC with UV detection. The detection limit of the method used was 6 ng l-1, repeatability expressed as RSD was 11%, and recovery was 87 - 103%. Estrogen values detected ranged in the interval of 6-209 ng l-1, depending on the sampling site. After treatment in the sewage water treatment plant, the water displayed markedly lower levels of estrogenic compounds. The results of the experiment demonstrate that HPLC-UV is a suitable method for determination of low concentrations of estrogens in water. The sewage water treatment plant reduces concentrations of estrogens but not sufficiently to prevent their estrogenic effect on fish.

scholarly journals The efficiency of ozonated water from a water treatment plant to inactivate Cryptosporidium oocysts during two seasonal temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
T. Wohlsen ◽  
S. Stewart ◽  
P. Aldridge ◽  
J. Bates ◽  
B. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Ozonated Water

We investigated the efficiency of residual ozone from an advanced water treatment plant with an applied dose of 2.5 mg l−1 to inactivate viable Cryptosporidium oocysts during summer (i.e. 24°C) and winter (i.e. 18.9°C) in Queensland, Australia. Containers for sample collection were inoculated with 1,000 oocysts l−1 and filled with ozonated water. Ozone residual concentrations were measured at 0, 5 and 10 min intervals. Viability was determined by excystation. Non-ozonated water from the plant, trip and laboratory controls were also analysed. The applied ozone dose of 2.5 mg l−1 produced an immediate residual concentration of 1.25 mg 1−1 at 24°C and 1.34 mg 1−1 at 18.9°C in unseeded samples. The initial ozone residual in seeded containers was 1.22±0.03 mg 1−1 at 24°C and 1.37±0.04 mg 1−1 at 18.9°C. There was a gradual increase in inactivation of oocysts, with 49% of oocysts inactivated at 0 min to 92% after 10 min at 24°C and 57% at 0 min to 92.8% at 10 min at 18.9°C.

scholarly journals Application of double filtration with activated carbon for the removal of phenols in drinking water treatment processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Fuentes-López ◽  
Claudia Amézquita-Marroquín ◽  
Luz Edith Barba-Ho ◽  
Camilo Hernán Cruz-Vélez ◽  
Patricia Torres-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Molecular Stability ◽  
Double Filtration

Abstract The primary source of the discharge of phenols into the environment is industrial activity, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and pesticides, being the majority discharged into surface water sources, reaching concentrations around 0.001 to 0.400 mg/L. These compounds are considered a priority contaminant due to their toxicity to aquatic life and effects on human health. The presence of phenols even at low concentrations generates flavour and odour in drinking water. Due to the molecular stability and solubility of phenols in water, their removal by conventional water treatment methods is inefficient. However, adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC), after conventional filtration with sand and anthracite, is an efficient technique for the reduction of organic compounds such as phenols. This paper studied the effect of applying double filtration to the reduction of phenols present in the filtered water of a conventional drinking water treatment plant, using two types of GAC (vegetable and mineral) and three GAC:Sand configurations (100:00; 00:100; 50:50). The configurations with GAC showed an efficient reduction of turbidity, organic matter indicator variables (UV254 absorbance and total organic carbon) and phenols, the mineral GAC being the most efficient GAC.

Cryptosporidium oocysts: are they still a risk for human population? A case study in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pignata ◽  
S i Bonetta ◽  
S a Bonetta ◽  
S M Cacciò ◽  
A R Sannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Abstract Over the past decade, several outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been reported in many EU countries in association with the consumption of contaminated drinking water, recreational waters, food consumption and contact with animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located in a rural area of northern Italy. Influent and effluent samples at the DWTP, together with tap water samples from a public fountain were collected for three years (2013-2016). All samples were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts by the EPA Method 1623 based on immunomagnetic separation (IMS)/immunofluorescence assay (IFA), complemented by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The detection has been implemented with a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) protocol to evaluate the oocyst viability. The results highlighted a high variability of oocyst concentrations in all samples (mean 4.3 - 5.8/100 L) and a high percentage variability of the DAPI-positive specimens (mean 48.2% - 40.3%). Conversely, RT-PCR did not reveal the presence of any viable C. parvum and C. hominis oocysts. A nested PCR targeting Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal DNA was carried out in two water samples to deepen the understanding of the obtained results. This test revealed the presence of a particular Cryptosporidium genotype associated with wild animals in the river and in tap water. Although the recovered Cryptosporidium genotype is not a human pathogen, its presence demonstrates the existence of a potential pathogen Cryptosporidium spp. contamination risk. Moreover, these results underline the importance of considering unconventional (not bacterial) biological contaminations (protozoa) in water resources in rural areas, including those of developed countries. Key messages The supply source and the drinking water treatment plant examined represent a classic example of a system that requires continuous monitoring to guarantee population health. Cryptosporidium oocysts may still be a Public Health problem even in industrialized countries, especially in rural and mountain areas.

DESIGNING OF REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) FOR MEASUREMENT OF pH IN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
V. MANE-DESHMUKH PRASHANT ◽  
B. MORE ASHWINI ◽  
B. P. LADGAOKAR ◽  
S. K. TILEKAR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Terminal Unit ◽  
Remote Terminal ◽  
Remote Terminal Unit
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