Simulation of sulfide buildup in wastewater and atmosphere of sewer networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Nielsen ◽  
C. Yongsiri ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
J. Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Concrete Corrosion ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
Sulfide Precipitation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sewer Networks

A model concept for prediction of sulfide buildup in sewer networks is presented. The model concept is an extension to – and a further development of – the WATS model (Wastewater Aerobic-anaerobic Transformations in Sewers), which has been developed by Hvitved-Jacobsen and co-workers at Aalborg University. In addition to the sulfur cycle, the WATS model simulates changes in dissolved oxygen and carbon fractions of different biodegradability. The sulfur cycle was introduced via six processes: 1. sulfide production taking place in the biofilm covering the permanently wetted sewer walls; 2. biological sulfide oxidation in the permanently wetted biofilm; 3. chemical and biological sulfide oxidation in the water phase; 4. sulfide precipitation with metals present in the wastewater; 5. emission of hydrogen sulfide to the sewer atmosphere and 6. adsorption and oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on the moist sewer walls where concrete corrosion may take place.

Recent findings on sinks for sulfide in gravity sewer networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Nielsen ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
J. Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Sulfide ◽  
Gravity Sewer ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Sewer Networks

Sulfide buildup in sewer networks is associated with several problems, including health impacts, corrosion of sewer structures and odor nuisance. In recent years, significant advances in the knowledge of the major processes governing sulfide buildup in sewer networks have been made. This paper summarizes this newly obtained knowledge and emphasizes important implications of the findings. Model simulations of the in-sewer processes important for the sulfur cycle showed that sulfide oxidation in the wetted biofilm is typically the most important sink for dissolved sulfide in gravity sewers. However, sulfide emission and thereby potential hydrogen sulfide buildup in the sewer atmosphere is of particular importance in sewers constructed with large diameter pipes, in sewers constructed with steep slopes and in sewers conveying low pH wastewater. Precipitation of metal sulfides is only important when the sulfide concentration in the wastewater is low; i.e. less than 1 g S m−3.

Hydrogen sulfide emission in sewer networks: a two-phase modeling approach to the sulfur cycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yongsiri ◽  
J. Vollertsen ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Sewer Networks

Wherever transport of anaerobic wastewater occurs, potential problems associated with hydrogen sulfide in relation to odor nuisance, health risk and corrosion exist. Improved understanding of prediction of hydrogen sulfide emission into the sewer atmosphere is needed for better evaluation of such problems in sewer networks. A two-phase model for emission of hydrogen sulfide along stretches of gravity sewers is presented to estimate the occurrence of both sulfide in the water phase and hydrogen sulfide in the sewer atmosphere. The model takes into account air-water mass transfer of hydrogen sulfide and interactions with other processes in the sulfur cycle. Various emission scenarios are simulated to illustrate the release characteristics of hydrogen sulfide.

Reduced Mechanism for the Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Selim ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
M. Sassi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Detailed Chemistry ◽  
Reduced Mechanism ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Difference

Hydrogen sulfide is one of the most common gases accompanying fuels in oil and gas refinery processes. This gas has very harmful effect on the human health and environment so that it must be removed in an effective and efficient manner before using this fuel. These problems triggered the interest to study the chemistry of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, as it is mainly treated by chemical reactions. Simplification of the reaction mechanism will enable us to understand the properties of the chemical processes that occur during the process of hydrogen sulfide treatment. Reduction strategy is carried out here in order to reduce the detailed mechanism, where the direct relation graph and error propagation methodology (DRGEP) has been used in this paper. The results obtained from the resulting reduced mechanism showed very good agreement with the detailed chemistry results under different reaction conditions. However, some discrepancies have been found for some species, especially in the hydrogen and oxygen mole fractions. The reduced mechanism is also capable of tracking the difference in chemical kinetics that takes place due to the change in reaction conditions.

Introducing the emission process of hydrogen sulfide to a sewer process model (WATS)

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yongsiri ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
J. Vollertsen ◽  
N. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Emission Process ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Sewer Networks

Emission of hydrogen sulfide in sewer networks results in odor, health and corrosion problems. These problems generally occur when wastewater is transported under anaerobic and turbulent conditions. Studies on integrated aerobic/anaerobic processes in sewers have led to a conceptual sewer process model, WATS (Wastewater Aerobic/anaerobic Transformations in Sewers). The WATS model accounts for the carbon cycle, reaeration and sulfide formation. However, to handle odor, health and corrosion problems more efficiently, other aspects of the sulfur cycle need to be included. Emphasis in this study is on an extension of the WATS model in terms of hydrogen sulfide emission. A fundamental concept of this extended model is related to emission of the molecular form of hydrogen sulfide and thereby to pH of wastewater. An engineering application of the extended WATS model includes different scenarios of sewer performance concerning hydrogen sulfide emission under dissolved oxygen-limited conditions. By applying the extended WATS model, users can more realistically cope with the fate of hydrogen sulfide. Consequently, when dealing with the sulfur cycle, users need no longer be restricted to the sulfide formation process but can also take transfer of hydrogen sulfide across the air-water interface into account.

Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide over Fe2O3/Al2O3 catalyst: Influence of support texture and Fe2O3 precursor

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Novák ◽  
Miroslav Zdražil
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Value Of It

Activity and selectivity in hydrogen sulfide oxidation by oxygen on a Fe2O3/α-Al2O3 catalyst was studied at 200°C and atmospheric pressure. Reaction products were sulfur and sulfur dioxide. Two factors influencing catalytic activity were studied: support porous structure and the type of Fe2O3 precursor. The porous structure influenced substantially catalytic activity; mesopores were more active than macropores. The catalysts prepared from Fe(NO3)3 and iron(III) acetylacetonate exhibited comparable activity, the lower activity was found for the catalyst prepared from Fe2(SO4)3. The selectivity to sulfur formation was higher on catalysts containing greater amount of macropores and the value of it changed in the interval 0-85% depending on the type of catalyst.

scholarly journals Manganese Porphyrin-Based SOD Mimetics Produce Polysulfides from Hydrogen Sulfide

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Olson ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Faihaan Arif ◽  
Shivali Patel ◽  
Xiaotong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Manganese Porphyrin ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Persulfide ◽  
Mediated Reduction ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

Manganese-centered porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+ (MnTE), MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (MnTnHex), and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnTnBuOE) have received considerable attention because of their ability to serve as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics thereby producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and oxidants of ascorbate and simple aminothiols or protein thiols. MnTE-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ are now in five Phase II clinical trials warranting further exploration of their rich redox-based biology. Previously, we reported that SOD is also a sulfide oxidase catalyzing the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to hydrogen persulfide (H2S2) and longer-chain polysulfides (H2Sn, n = 3–7). We hypothesized that MnPs may have similar actions on sulfide metabolism. H2S and polysulfides were monitored in fluorimetric assays with 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin (AzMC) and 3′,6′-di(O-thiosalicyl)fluorescein (SSP4), respectively, and specific polysulfides were further identified by mass spectrometry. MnPs concentration-dependently consumed H2S and produced H2S2 and subsequently longer-chain polysulfides. This reaction appeared to be O2-dependent. MnP absorbance spectra exhibited wavelength shifts in the Soret and Q bands characteristic of sulfide-mediated reduction of Mn. Taken together, our results suggest that MnPs can become efficacious activators of a variety of cytoprotective processes by acting as sulfide oxidation catalysts generating per/polysulfides.

scholarly journals Model Parameters for Aerobic Biological Sulfide Oxidation in Sewer Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen ◽  
Jes Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Sewer Networks

Sulfide related odor and corrosion are two of the major problems associated with the operation and maintenance of sewer networks. The extent of the problems is governed by several complex and interrelated processes. Sulfide oxidation is typically the most important process for sulfide removal in wastewater from aerobic gravity sewers. Despite the significance of the process, little is known about the significance of the growth of sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB) during the transport of wastewater. Biological sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewers was investigated in a series of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) experiments. The experiments showed that, for oxygen nonlimiting conditions, sulfate was produced, with elemental sulfur as an intermediate. During each experiment, the activity of the sulfide oxidizing bacteria increased significantly. This was interpreted as the result of bacterial growth related to the oxidation of intermediately stored elemental sulfur. A model concept describing biological sulfide oxidation, with intermediary storage of elemental sulfur and associated growth, was developed. The model was calibrated against the experimental results. The observed average growth rate and yield constant for the SOB were determined at 1.98 d−1 and 0.17 g Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) per g sulfur, respectively. These values correspond to reported values for mixed cultures of autotrophic SOB.

Modeling of Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation in Concrete Corrosion Products from Sewer Pipes

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Stokbro Jensen ◽  
Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen ◽  
Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
Jes Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Concrete Corrosion
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