Distribution of dioxins in surface soils and river-mouth sediments and their relevance to watershed properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanematsu ◽  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Ado River ◽  
Calux Assay

The dioxins toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration in surface soils, river sediments and river-mouth sediments was measured by the CALUX assay in the Yasu and Ado River basins around Lake Biwa, Japan. In order to examine the distribution of dioxins in each watershed, we evaluated and compared the correlation between the dioxins TEQ concentration and the solid characteristics (i.e. organic carbon content and particle size distribution) of all samples. In both basins, the dioxins TEQ concentration in forest soil correspondingly showed a very good linear relationship to organic carbon content. On the other hand, the dioxins TEQ concentration in paddy field was significantly high, although organic carbon content was relatively low. Generally, the smaller particles have the higher dioxins TEQ concentrations in surface soils, and river sediments were composed of very coarse particles and had relatively low dioxins TEQ concentration. Therefore, we expected high dioxins TEQ concentration in river-mouth sediment, which was, however, not the case. Although the dioxins TEQ concentration in river-mouth sediments is low, the degree of dioxins pollution was different in each basin. The difference was considered to come from the difference of watershed properties including land use, river-slope, dam construction as well as the surface soil pollution.

scholarly journals Laboratory study of retention and release of weak acid herbicide MCPA by soils and sediments and leaching potential of MCPA

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hiller ◽  
M. Khun ◽  
L. Zemanová ◽  
Ľ. Jurkovič ◽  
M. Bartaľ
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Soils And Sediments

MCPA sorption and desorption in five surface soils (denoted as A1-5), three bottom sediments (S1-3), two river sediments (L1-2) and one subsurface soil (SS) at two initial concentrations in aqueous solution &ndash; C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 and 10&nbsp;mg/l were studied. No significant effect of the initial concentration on MCPA equilibrium distribution between soil/sediment and aqueous solution was observed. The difference between distribution coefficient K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5&nbsp;mg/l and K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 10 mg/l was found only in the case of one bottom sediment (S2). A simple regression analysis between K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 and 10 mg/l and soil/sediment properties indicated that the most important property which determined the variation in MCPA sorption is organic carbon (r = 0.886*** and r = 0.926***, respectively). Similarly, desorption of MCPA was inversely proportional to organic carbon content of the soils and sediments used (r = &ndash;0.862* and r = &ndash;0.842**). These observations showed that MCPA sorption and desorption in soils and sediments were primarily controlled by organic components of the geosorbents used. Overall, the percentage of MCPA sorption in soils and sediments was low (P<sub>sorp</sub> &asymp; 3&ndash;53%; K<sub>D</sub> = 0.077&ndash;2.827 l/kg) and the percentage of MCPA desorbed was relatively high (P<sub>des</sub> &asymp; 11&ndash;70%), especially in the soils and sediments with lower organic carbon content. The experimental results and calculated values of groundwater ubiquity score GUS and relative leaching potential index RLPI imply that MCPA is very mobile in all the surface soils and has a potential to contaminate groundwater.

Sorption of Metribuzin and Metolachlor in Alaskan Subarctic Agricultural Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Graham ◽  
Jeffery S. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Equilibration Temperature

Adsorption and desorption of metribuzin and metolachlor were studied for 0- to 15- and 30- to 45-cm soil depths and at 5 and 28 C temperatures for two subarctic Alaskan agricultural soils. Surface soils had five to eight times the organic carbon content of deeper soils and had lower Freundlich isotherm slopes (1/n) for both herbicides. Surface soil Freundlich coefficients (Kf) were affected by both soil type and equilibration temperature, with soil type accounting for greater than 80% of the variation in Kf. Surface soil mean Kfvalues ranged from 1.5 to 2.4 for metribuzin and 4.4 to 9.2 for metolachlor. For soils from the 30- to 45-cm depth, neither soil type nor temperature affected Kf. Isotherm slopes for desorption were less than adsorption, indicating hysteresis. Regressions between desorption Kfand maximum herbicide adsorbed prior to desorption were highly significant with coefficients of determination (r2) between 0.50 and 0.99.

Biofilm controlled sorption of selected acidic drugs on river sediments characterized by different organic carbon content

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Dobor ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Gyula Záray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Acidic Drugs

Reactions of copper with soil affecting its availability to plants. I. Effect of soil type and time

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan ◽  
JW Gartrell ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Western Australian

The effect of moist incubation on the availability of applied copper to wheat was examined in a range of Western Australian soils. Incubating soil with copper reduced its availability relative to freshly applied copper by up to 70%. The availability of copper to wheat plants decreased with increasing time of incubation up to 120 days. The extent of the decline in availability differed among soils. The difference did not appear to be specifically related to any one of the following soil properties-pH, organic carbon content, clay content, free sesquioxide content and levels of total and extractable copper.

scholarly journals LIXIVIAÇÃO DOS HERBICIDAS TEBUTIURON E DIURON EM COLUNAS DE SOLO

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS BARIFOUSE MATALLO ◽  
LUIS CARLOS LUCHINI ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO FERREIRA GOMES ◽  
CLAUDIO A. SPADOTTO ◽  
ANTONIO LUIS CERDEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Para Determinar

Desenvolveu-se estudo em lisímetro para determinar a lixiviação dos herbicidas Tebutiuron e Diuron em colunas de solos com diferentes texturas coletados em área típica de recarga do Aqüífero Guarani em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo (Brasil). O método analítico utilizado para determinação dos resíduos desses produtos na água foi a cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência (CLAE), após extração por agitação com diclorometano:isopropanol (9:1). Os resultados mostraram maior lixiviação de ambos produtos em Neossolo, sendo a do Tebutiuron mais acentuada. Esse resultado sugere que o teor de carbono orgânico, além da associação entre a baixa capacidade adsortiva do Tebutiuron e sua longa persistência podem ser os responsáveis pela diferença. Os herbicidas estudados podem apresentar potencial de risco de contaminação do lençol freático da região da microbacia do Córrego do Espraiado, embora dificilmente alcançando a zona saturada do Aqüífero Guarani (situada, bem abaixo do perfil estudado neste trabalho). TEBUTHIURON AND DIURON LEACHING IN SOIL COLUMNS Abstract A lysimeter study was developed to investigate the leaching of Tebuthiuron and Diuron in soil columns with different textures collected in a typical direct recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer, in Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The analytical method for determination of residues in water was high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after extraction by shaking the sample with diclhoromethane:isopropanol (9:1). The results showed that both herbicides leached faster in the Typic Quartzipsamment being Tebuthiuron more accentuated. This result suggests that the organic carbon content, besides the association between the low adsortive capacity of Tebuthiuron and its long persistence may be the responsibles by the difference. The studied herbicides may present contamination risk potential of the Espraiado watershed although reaching with difficulties the saturated zone of Guarani Aquifer situated right below the studied profile in this work. Tebuthiuron amount was larger than amount of Diuron in both cases, probably due to soil organic carbon content and large herbicide persistence. Further studies are necessary to investigate the leaching of herbicides in this region.

Nonionic organic solute sorption onto two organobentonites as a function of organic-carbon content

2003 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt ◽  
Susan E. Burns ◽  
James A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Solute

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Responses of microbial activity to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus additions in forest mineral soils differing in organic carbon content

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Veronika Jílková ◽  
Kateřina Jandová ◽  
Jaroslav Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Soils
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