Temperature and conductivity as control parameters for pollution-based real-time control

Most sewer system performance indicators are not easily measurable online at high frequencies in wastewater systems, which hampers real-time control with those parameters. Instead of using a constituent of wastewater, an alternative could be to use characteristics of wastewater that are relatively easily measurable in sewer systems and could serve as indicator parameters for the dilution process of wastewater. This paper focuses on the possibility to use the parameters of temperature and conductivity. It shows a good relation of temperature and conductivity with the dilution of DWF (dry weather flow) during WWF (wet weather flow) a monitoring station in Graz, Austria, as an example. The simultaneous monitoring of both parameters leads to valuable back-up information in case one parameter (temperature) shows no reaction to a storm event. However, for various reasons, anomalies occur in the typical behaviour of both parameters. The frequency and extent of these anomalies will determine the usefulness of the proposed parameters in a system for pollution-based real-time control. Both the normal behaviour and the anomalies will be studied further by means of trend and correlation analyses of data to be obtained from a monitoring network for the parameters of interest that is currently being set up in the Netherlands.

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Real time control of wastewater systems

Journal of Hydraulic Research ◽

10.1080/00221689609498450 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 785-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wolfgang Schilling ◽

Bengt Andersson ◽

Ulf Nyberg ◽

Henrik Aspegren ◽

Wolfgang Rauch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Wastewater Systems

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Pollution based real time control of wastewater systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0082 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L.P. Risholt ◽

W. Schilling ◽

V. Erbe ◽

J. Alex

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Actual State ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Design Load ◽

Time Control ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Wastewater Systems ◽

Receiving Waters ◽

Wet Weather

Wastewater systems are traditionally built as static systems to handle a design load. The real load varies, though, and hardly ever equals the design load. This implies that wastewater systems hardly ever operate in an optimum way, especially during wet weather. Real time control (RTC) of regulators can improve the operation by better fit of the system to the actual state and load. RTC based on pollutant concentrations together with hydraulic conditions (pollution based real time control, PBRTC) is investigated in this paper to assess the potential pollutant load reduction on receiving waters at wet weather without expansion of transport or storage capacity. Both CSOs and WWTP effluents contribute to the pollutant discharges to receiving waters and both are considered. Three cases are studied to assess the potential benefit of PBRTC. Giving priority to the most polluted wastewater for treatment and storage in branched interceptor systems can reduce CSO discharge loads by more than 20%. Biological WWTPs and especially activated sludge plants are more complex and less stable than chemical precipitation plants during and after high pollutant and hydraulic load. Biological plants can hence profit more from PBRTC than chemical precipitation plants. Receiving waters that are sensitive to acute effects caused by intermittent discharges can benefit more from PBRTC than receiving waters with problems connected to long-term accumulation of pollution.

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Model based real-time control of sewer system using fuzzy-logic

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0690 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (8-9) ◽

pp. 343-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Fuchs ◽

T. Beeneken ◽

P. Spönemann ◽

C. Scheffer

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Real Time ◽

Control Device ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Sewer System ◽

Rule Based ◽

The Real ◽

Time Control ◽

Set Up ◽

Final System

This paper describes the use of the sewer model HYSTEM-EXTRAN in combination with a rule based control device using fuzzy-logic to simulate the real-time control of a sewer system. The rules for the control of the system were set up with the help of optimization procedures. The advantage of the procedure is proved by comparing the uncontrolled versus the controlled state in a simulated mode for an existing sewer system. The final system was installed and tested within the sewer system.

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Potential and limitations of modern equipment for real time control of urban wastewater systems

Urban Water Journal ◽

10.1080/1573062x.2013.763996 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 300-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. Campisano ◽

J. Cabot Ple ◽

D. Muschalla ◽

M. Pleau ◽

P.A. Vanrolleghem

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Modern Equipment ◽

Time Control ◽

Wastewater Systems

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Design and Application of a Communication System Based on Codesys

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1113 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1044-1045 ◽

pp. 1113-1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Wei Ping Fu ◽

Lei Zhou ◽

Na Qie ◽

Wen Yun Wang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Communication System ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Intelligent Robot ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Data ◽

Time Control ◽

Physical Channel ◽

Soft Plc ◽

Set Up

A model of wireless network data interchange was built to solve cross-platform exchange data in intelligent robot. In the framework of embedded Soft-PLC - Codesys real-time operating system, we apply Socket network programming technology based on TCP/IP communication protocol to set up a physical channel between VC++ platform and the Codesys platform. It realizes the real-time data exchange between host-computer and slave-computer uploaded embedded operation system of robot. A special multi-threaded processing class was developed to enhance the multi-tasking allocation ability of the system. Exchanged data was packaged and analyzed to ensure the accuracy of transmitted data. The experiment shows built communication system platform is justifiable, and data transmission speed is less than 10ms. It is able to meet the needs of real-time control in intelligent robot.

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Automation and real-time control of urban wastewater systems: a review of the move towards sustainability

Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—AQUA ◽

10.2166/aqua.2020.074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 751-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Biniam B. Ashagre ◽

Guangtao Fu ◽

David Butler

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Future Research ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Time Control ◽

The Social ◽

Automation And Control ◽

Wastewater Systems ◽

And Control

Abstract Automation and real-time control have long been used in urban wastewater systems. However, there is a critical need to review how real-time control contributes to sustainable water management. This review provides a systematic review of the role of real-time control towards creating a sustainable wastewater system. This review identifies the social, economic and environmental pillars of sustainability that can be achieved using automation and control systems, considering individual systems and different scales of integration. Results obtained from a systematic literature review show that previous research on automation and control related to sustainability in the water sector focuses on addressing economic issues (mainly operational cost reduction) and improving the quality of the water environment, while the social pillar of sustainability is not addressed to a significant degree. Integrated control is identified as a promising approach to address the three pillars of sustainability. Future research on automaton and real-time control in the water and wastewater system needs to explicitly demonstrate the contribution of control strategies towards the attributes of sustainability. To this end, regulatory bodies should focus on creating an overarching sustainability framework with indicators of sustainability clearly defined. Further, addressing three pillars of sustainability requires an integrated approach at a catchment scale where upstream and downstream processes are considered.

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Potential of turbidity monitoring for real time control of pollutant discharge in sewers during rainfall events

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.169 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 1471-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Lacour ◽

C. Joannis ◽

M.-C. Gromaire ◽

G. Chebbo

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Simple Relation ◽

Flow Dynamics ◽

Storm Event ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Event Scale ◽

Hydraulic Flow ◽

Time Control ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Total Event

Turbidity sensors can be used to continuously monitor the evolution of pollutant mass discharge. For two sites within the Paris combined sewer system, continuous turbidity, conductivity and flow data were recorded at one-minute time intervals over a one-year period. This paper is intended to highlight the variability in turbidity dynamics during wet weather. For each storm event, turbidity response aspects were analysed through different classifications. The correlation between classification and common parameters, such as the antecedent dry weather period, total event volume per impervious hectare and both the mean and maximum hydraulic flow for each event, was also studied. Moreover, the dynamics of flow and turbidity signals were compared at the event scale. No simple relation between turbidity responses, hydraulic flow dynamics and the chosen parameters was derived from this effort. Knowledge of turbidity dynamics could therefore potentially improve wet weather management, especially when using pollution-based real-time control (P-RTC) since turbidity contains information not included in hydraulic flow dynamics and not readily predictable from such dynamics.

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Study on real time control of nonpoint pollutants discharged with storm water starage tnak during storm event.

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ◽

10.2208/proer.28.105 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tae Sung KIM ◽

Kiyoshi YAMADA ◽

Hyoung Bu MOON

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Storm Water ◽

Storm Event ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control

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Municipal Wastewater Systems, Integrated Approach to Design, Monitoring and Control

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0690 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (1-2) ◽

pp. 419-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. Harremoës ◽

T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽

A. Lynggaard-Jensen ◽

B. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Oxygen Depletion ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Wastewater Systems

A city and several companies joined in a large scale project with the aim to introduce real time control of the sewer system and the wastewater treatment plant. The basic goals were established from the receiving water studies, and essentially represent constraints on the total nutrient discharge causing eutrophication of a fjord and limits on oxygen depletion by combined sewer overflows in the small upstream rivers. The paper describes the basic principles and approaches for the real time control in urban wastewater systems.

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