Design and operating experiences of municipal MBRs in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2319-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Itokawa ◽  
C. Thiemig ◽  
J. Pinnekamp
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

The number of membrane bioreactor (MBR) installations is increasing worldwide, not only for small-scale industrial WWTPs but also for larger-scale municipal WWTPs. In Europe, MBR has been installed in municipal WWTPs since late 1990s, and more than 100 full-scale plants are operated at the moment. In this paper, present state of European municipal MBRs is described in terms of design and operating conditions, as well as operating problems and their solutions, based on the information collected from 17 full-scale WWTPs by interview and questionnaire survey. Decisive factors of MBR installation at these plants were footprint and effluent quality. Full-aerobic and pre-denitrification were the most common reactor configurations, nearly half of them being equipped with independent filtration tanks. Operating conditions of bioreactor and filtration, including membrane flux and cleaning strategy, were different from plant to plant, as a result of plant-specific optimization experiences, even among the similar type of membrane. Operating problems specific for MBR were reported, including blocking/failure of pre-screen, sludging/hair-clogging of membrane, damage on membrane unit, air in permeate pipes, as well as conventional troubles including occurrence of scum and initial trouble in instrumentation and control systems. Aspects for further optimization of MBR design were also pointed out by the operators.

Domestic wastewater treatment with a small-scale membrane bioreactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Abegglen ◽  
H. Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
And Control

A small-scale membrane plant for treating the domestic wastewater of a four-person household is presented. The membrane bioreactor has been in operation for 6 months and achieves elimination rates of 90, 95 and 80% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen, respectively. Only a small amount sludge is produced. The permeate is reused for flushing toilets and has a yellowish colour. After investigations of the effluent quality, decolourisation of the permeate, energy efficiency and control strategies in the first year, urine will be treated separately in an automated precipitation reactor where struvite is produced to improve the overall phosphate removal of the plant.

A Critical Look into the Deviation of Full Scale Performance from Design Expectations

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zaloum
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Steady Level

Deviations from design expectations appear to stem from views which assume that a unique response should result from a given set of operating conditions. The results of this study showed that two systems operating at equal organic loads or F/M ratios and at the same SRT do not necessarily give equal responses. This deviation was linked to the manner in which the HRT and influent COD are manipulated to obtain a constant or uniform load, and to subtle interactions between influent COD, HRT and SRT on the biomass and effluent responses. Increases of up to 200% in influent COD from one steady level to the next did not significantly influence the effluent VSS concentration while an effect on filtered COD was observed for increases as low as 20%. Effluent TKN and filtered COD correlated strongly with the operating MLVSS while phosphorus residual depended on the operating SRT and the organic load removed. These results point to the inadequacy of traditional models to predict effluent quality and point to the need to consider these effects when developing simulation techniques or computer assisted expert systems for the control of waste treatment plants.

Reliability analysis of stabilisation pond systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.A.C. Oliveira ◽  
M. von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Expected Compliance

This article presents a reliability analysis of 116 full-scale pond systems in Brazil, comprising 73 primary facultative ponds and 43 anaerobic–facultative pond systems. A methodology developed by Niku et al. (1979) is used for the determination of the coefficients of reliability, in terms of the compliance of effluent BOD, COD, TSS and FC to discharge standards or effluent quality targets. The design concentrations necessary to meet the prevailing discharge standards and the expected compliance percentages have been calculated from the coefficients of reliability obtained. The results showed that few units, under the observed operating conditions, would be able to present reliable performances in terms of compliance with the analyzed standards. For the four constituents (BOD, COD, TSS and FC) and both systems (facultative ponds and anaerobic-facultative systems), the variability of the effluent quality was very large, leading to a high variability of the coefficient of variation (CV) and the coefficient of reliability (COR). The effluent quality from the facultative ponds showed a larger distance to both the desired values and the discharge standard values, compared with the anaerobic–facultative systems.

Real time control for reduced aeration and chemical consumption: a full scale study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thornton ◽  
N. Sunner ◽  
M. Haeck
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The use of the activated sludge process (ASP) for the nitrification/denitrification of wastewaters is commonplace throughout the UK and many other parts of the industrial world. Associated with this process are significant costs arising from aeration requirements and for selected sites, the need to provide an external carbon source. These costs can constitute up to of 50% of the total running cost of the whole plant and as such, any effort to reduce them could realise significant benefits. This paper investigates the use of real time control (RTC) using online sensors and control algorithms to optimise the operation of the ASP, leading to greater efficiency and sustainability. Trials were undertaken at full scale to assess the benefit of such a system at a 250,000 population equivalent (PE) works on the south coast of the UK, using Activated sludge model No.1 (ASM 1) as a basis for the control system. Initial results indicate that it is possible to significantly reduce both aeration and chemical consumption costs whilst still delivering the required effluent quality. Over the trial period the aeration requirements were consistently reduced by 20% whereas, a reduction in methanol consumption of in excess of 50% was observed.

Optimization of membrane unit location in a full-scale membrane bioreactor using computational fluid dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Xiaoxu Yan ◽  
Kang Xiao ◽  
Jing Guan ◽  
Tianyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Membrane Unit

Preliminary study of osmotic membrane bioreactor: effects of draw solution on water flux and air scouring on fouling

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Qin ◽  
Kiran A. Kekre ◽  
Maung H. Oo ◽  
Guihe Tao ◽  
Chee L. Lay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Preliminary Study

Preliminary study on a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) was explored. Objective of this study was to investigate the effects of draw solution on membrane flux and air scouring at the feed side on fouling tendency in a pilot OMBR system composing the anoxic/aerobic and forward osmosis (FO) processes. Domestic sewage was the raw feed, FO membrane from HTI and NaCl/MgSO4 draw solutions were used in the experiments. Fluxes of 3 l/m2/h (LMH) and 7.2 LMH were achieved at osmotic pressure of 5 and 22.4 atm, respectively. No significant flux decline was observed at 3 LMH over 190 h and at 7.2 LMH over 150 h when air scouring was provided at the feed side of the membrane. However, without air scouring, the flux at 22.4 atm osmotic pressure declined by 30% after 195 h and then levelled off. The potential advantages of the fouling reversibility with air scouring under the operating conditions of the pilot OMBR and better water quality in OMBR over the conventional MBR were preliminarily demonstrated.

New Development of Control Method of Shaking Table With Bi-Linear Structures

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Yuichirou Shinohara ◽  
Eiji Sato
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Test Model ◽  
And Control

The Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster occurred in Kobe area of Japan in 1995. Considering the lessons learned from the disaster of this earthquake, Japanese government has decided to construct a three-dimensional Full Scale Earthquake Testing Facility. It is now being constructed under the supervision of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). The purpose of this shaking table is to conduct fracturing tests rather than elastic vibration tests for full scale structures. In the tests, the classical operation and control procedure for shaking table such as the trial excitation cannot be effectively applied to this shaking table, because dynamic property of the test structure varies with the progress of fracturing. Therefore, the development of a new operation and control method for the shaking table is the urgent research subject. In this study, firstly, we studied dynamic interaction behaviors of the shaking table with a bi-linear test model. Secondly, to reduce the interaction from the motion of the shaking table, the Minimal Control Synthesis (MCS) algorithm was newly introduced into the conventional control (CC) system. This paper deals with the efficacy of the MCS algorithm through the simulations and experiments using the two dimensional small scale shaking table with a bi-linear model structure.

scholarly journals Energy consumption in a baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR): estimation based on long-term continuous operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyoshi ◽  
T. P. Nguyen ◽  
T. Tsumuraya ◽  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stable Operation

Abstract We investigated the operating conditions of a baffled membrane bioreactor (B-MBR) under which long-term stable operation can be achieved through the continuous operation of a pilot-scale B-MBR. Under appropriate operating conditions, the B-MBR was capable of achieving excellent treated water quality in terms of biochemical oxygen demand and concentration of total nitrogen. Excellent removal of total phosphorus was also achieved. In addition, the degree of membrane fouling was acceptable, indicating that stable continuous operation of a B-MBR is possible under the operating conditions adopted in the present study. Estimation of the specific energy consumption in hypothetical full-scale B-MBRs operated under the conditions recommended by the findings was also performed in this study. The results suggest that energy consumption in full-scale B-MBRs would be in the range of 0.20–0.22 kWh/m3. These results strongly suggest that energy consumption in MBR operation can be significantly reduced by applying the concept of a B-MBR.

scholarly journals Maximization of Distribution Network Hosting Capacity through Optimal Grid Reconfiguration and Distributed Generation Capacity Allocation/Control

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Rade Čađenović ◽  
Damir Jakus
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Second Order Cone ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control

High penetration of small-scale distributed energy sources into the distribution network increase negative impacts related to power quality causing adverse conditions. This paper presents a mathematical model that maximizes distribution network hosting capacity through optimal distributed generation capacity allocation and control and grid reconfiguration. In addition to this, the model includes on-load tap changer control for stabilization of grid voltage conditions primarily in grid operating conditions related to voltage rise problems, which can limit grid hosting capacity. Moreover, the objective function allows the possibility of energy transfer between distribution and transmission grids. The proposed model considers alternative grid connection points for distributed generation and determines optimal connection points as well as install capacity while considering network operating limits. The model is cast as a multiperiod second-order cone linear program and involves aspects of active power management. The model is tested on a modified IEEE 33 bus test network.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document