Anaerobic degradation of purified terephthalic acid wastewater using a novel, rapid mass-transfer circulating fluidized bed

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1988-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Feng ◽  
Beibei Lu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yinwen Chen ◽  
Shubao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Porous Carrier ◽  
Purified Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Rapid Mass

The anaerobic treatability of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater in a novel, rapid mass-transfer fluidized bed reactor using brick particles as porous carrier materials was investigated. The reactor operation was stable after a short 34 day start-up period, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency between 65 and 75%, terephthalate (TA) removal efficiency between 60% and 70%, and system organic loading rate (OLR) increasing from 7.37 to 18.52 kg COD/m3 d. The results demonstrate that the reactor is very efficient, and requires a low hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h to remove both TA and COD from the high-concentration PTA wastewater. The system also has high resistance capacity to varied OLR.

A novel fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor for PTA wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingwen Chen ◽  
Jinlong Zhao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Shitao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Operation Stability ◽  
Purified Terephthalic Acid

In this paper, a fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor (ILFBBR) was developed to improve purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater treatment. The emphasis of this study was on the start-up mode of the anaerobic ILFBBR, the hydraulic loadings and the operation stability. The biological morphology of the anaerobic biofilm in the reactors was also analyzed. The anaerobic column could operate successfully for 46 days due to the pre-aerating process. The anaerobic column had the capacity to resist shock loadings and maintained a high stable chemical oxygen demand (COD) and terephthalic acid removal rates at a hydraulic retention time of 5–10 h, even under conditions of organic volumetric loadings as high as 28.8 kg COD·m−3.d−1. The scanning electron microscope analysis of the anaerobic carrier demonstrated that clusters of prokaryotes grew inside of pores and that the filaments generated by pre-aeration contributed to the anaerobic biofilm formation and stability.

Air Stripping of Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Fecal Sewage Using a Fluidized Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4209-4213
Author(s):  
An Feng Li ◽  
Yan Ying Ning ◽  
Wen Jiang Xu ◽  
Tao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Removal Technique

High concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen in fecal sewage pose a great threat to subsequent treatment steps. The conventional removal technique in China mainly involves air stripping. However, the concentration of ammonia in the effluent is often very high, and the fillers in towers could exhibit scaling resulting in reduced lifetime in operation. Because of its high mass transfer characteristics, fluidized bed technology was used in our study of the air stripping method for improving the removal efficiency, using spherical biological ceramsites as the filler. The effects of temperature, pH, and fluidized bed residence time on the removal process were investigated. To compare the various effects of fluidized bed operation on nitrogen removal efficiency, traditional air stripping experiments were carried out using the identical gas flowrate, liquid flowrate, temperature and pH. The results show that the removal efficiency of ammoniacal nitrogen was improved using a fluidized bed. The mechanism of free ammonia mass transfer using fluidized bed technology was proposed. Finally, the filler adhesion problem was reduced and the technology was successfully applied to the air stripping of high concentration ammoniacal nitrogen from fecal sewage.

scholarly journals Response surface methodology approach for the optimisation of adsorption of hydrolysed polyacrylamide from polymer-flooding wastewater onto steel slag: a good option of waste mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijia Zhu ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Zhonghai Qin ◽  
Luning Lian ◽  
Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

Wastewater produced from polymer flooding in oil production features high viscosity and chemical oxygen demand because of the residue of high-concentration polymer hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In this study, steel slag, a waste from steel manufacturing, was studied as a low-cost adsorbent for HPAM in wastewater. Optimisation of HPAM adsorption by steel slag was performed with a central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 89.31% was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, contact time of 95.4 min and pH of 5.6. These data were strongly correlated with the experimental values of the RSM model. Single and interactive effect analysis showed that HPAM removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. Efficiency increased when pH was increased from 2.6 to 5.6 and subsequently decreased from 5.6 to 9.3. It was observed that removal efficiency significantly increased (from 0% to 86.1%) at the initial stage (from 0 min to 60 min) and increased gradually after 60 min with an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, pH of 5.6. The adsorption kinetics was well correlated with the pseudo-second-order equation. Removal of HPAM from the studied water samples indicated that steel slag can be utilised for the pre-treatment of polymer-flooding wastewater.

scholarly journals Micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) for efficient COD and nitrogen removal of high-concentration wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejun Bian ◽  
Zebing Nie ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Shengshu Ai ◽  
Suiyi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pressure Swirl

Abstract A micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) was developed for carbon and nitrogen removal of wastewater, in which dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient and internal circulation could be created by setting the aerators along one side of the reactor, and micro-pressure could be realized by sealing most of the top cap and increasing the outlet water level. In this study, velocity and DO distribution in the reactor was measured, removal performance treating high-concentration wastewater was investigated, and the main functional microorganisms were analyzed. The experiment results indicated that there was stable swirl flow and spatial DO gradient in MPSR. Operated in sequencing batch reactor mode, distinct biological environments spatially and temporally were created. Under the average influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 2,884 mg/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 184 mg/L, COD removal efficiency and removal loading was 98% and 1.8 kgCOD/(m3·d) respectively, and TN removal efficiency and removal loading reached up to 90% and 0.11 kgTN/(m3·d) respectively. With efficient utilization of DO and simpler configuration for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the MPSR has the potential of treating high-concentration wastewater at lower cost.

scholarly journals Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Ariani Dwi Astuti ◽  
Dewi Intania Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Small Industries

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth

Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor at 20 °C

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Düppenbecker ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mass Flows ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

This study focuses on the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater at 20 °C with a fluidized bed reactor. Mean influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate concentrations were 481 and 96 mg/l. The response of the COD removal efficiency to increasing organic loading rates (OLR) was investigated. Average total COD removal was 61% at OLR between 2.7 and 13.7 kg COD/(m³·d) and did not distinctly depend on the OLR. To assess the removal efficiency in more detail the COD in- and output mass flows were balanced. The results showed that only 11–12% of the input COD was recovered as gaseous methane. About 12–13% of the input COD remained in the effluent as dissolved methane. Furthermore, a distinct amount of 12–19% of the input COD remained in the reactor as settled sludge and was not further biologically degraded. Due to the reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria, 13–14% of the input COD was degraded. Further adverse impacts of the influent sulfate on the anaerobic treatment process are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Studies on biodegradation of organic waste in uasb reactor

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
C. B. Majumder ◽  
Anil Kr. Mathur ◽  
Vedprakash Kapse
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

The industrialization in the developing countries causes severe problems in collection,treatment and disposal of organic effluents. The situation leads to public health andenvironmental problem. Therefore, various high rate anaerobic treatments has beenemerged as a variable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and domesticwastewater containing organic wastes. In this study high rate Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket (UASB) reactor has been critically analyzed, discussed and designed as thesolution of above problem. According to that a UASB reactor has been fabricated forlaboratory study. The UASB system appeared to be economically cost effective ascompared to other systems. This paper also focuses on the principle of startup,operational performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methaneproduction rate, and specific methanogenic activity in the UASB reactor. In the presentstudy, reactor was started initially with mixture of molasses and glucose (50% each)solution with organic loading rate (OLR) 0.933 g COD/L day. Thereafter, OLR is beingincreased in steps. After 15 days of startup of reactor, molasses solution was applied. Thetemperature (35e° C), pH (6.8±0.4), and nutrients requirement were maintained. In thisstudy COD: N: P ratio were maintained at 300: IO: l by adding urea for nitrogen andpotassium di-hydrogen phosphate for phosphorus. For a change of OLR up to 13.33gCOD/L day, all above-mentioned parameter were studied. The removal efficiency andgas production rate depend on activity of granules. A typical organic degrading granule iscomposed of micro-colonies of Methanothrix and several syntropic micro -colonies.

scholarly journals Pollutants removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional genes in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems: influences of influent surface organic loading and aeration mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Jingna Chen ◽  
Zefang Jiang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Yu Qiu ◽  
Tingting Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract The influences of influent surface organic loading rate (SOLR) and aeration mode on matrix oxygen, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional gene abundances in lab-scale wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems (WESISs) were investigated. In WESISs, intermittent or continuous aeration improved oxygen supply at 50 cm depth and hardly changed anaerobic condition below 80 cm depth, which enhanced chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) removal, the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ genes and reduced CH4, N2O conversion efficiencies with SOLR of 16.9 and 27.6 g BOD/(m2 d) compared with non-aeration. Increased SOLR resulted in high TN removal, low N2O emission in aeration WESIS, which was different from non-aeration WESIS. High average COD removal efficiency of 90.7%, NH4+-N removal efficiency of 87.0%, TN removal efficiency of 84.6%, total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 93.1% and low average N2O emission rate of 12.8 mg/(m2 d) were achieved with SOLR of 16.9 g BOD/(m2 d) in intermittent aeration WESIS. However, continuous aeration WESIS obtained high average removal efficiencies of 90.1% for COD, 87.5% for NH4+-N, 84.1% for TN, 92.9% for TP and low average emission rate of 13.1 mg/(m2 d) for N2O with SOLR of 27.6 g BOD/(m2 d). Aeration could be an optional strategy for WESISs to achieve high pollutants removal and low CH4, N2O emission when treating wastewater with high SOLR.

Pilot-Scale Experiences on Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
I. Ozturk ◽  
C. B. Saw
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monod Kinetic ◽  
Brewery Wastes

This paper covers the results of a pilot-plant study on the Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Reactor (AFBR) treatment of brewery wastes. The AFBR was operated over a wide range of organic and hydraulic loading rates for a study period of more than eight months. The reactor consisted of a clear PVC column with a diameter of 165 mm and 3 m in height. Sand having a median diameter of 0.5 mm was used as the medium. The AFBR was fed with wastewaters collected from a local brewery. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 8.9 kg COD/m3 of expended bed/day for 82 days from start-up. The OLR was increased to greater than 14 kg COD/m3.d and a COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Effects of OLR and COD removal efficiency on gas flowrate and on gas composition as well as concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and volatile acids (VA) were investigated. It was observed that biomass distribution along the height of the AFBR was not uniform and a strong stratification of biomass exists between the upper and lower parts of the system. The ecological structure of biomass was examined by SEM and clumps of methanogenic bacteria were identified. The Monod kinetic parameters were determined using steady-state operating data and compared to similar results given in the literature for the same waste.

Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes and Bioenergy Recovery

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1681-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
C. B. Saw
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Specific Substrate Utilization Rate ◽  
Brewery Wastes

This paper presents the results of a pilot plant study using an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for treatment of brewery wastes. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.5 kg COD/m3-day for a Deriod of 82 days from start-up. COD removal efficiency was greater than 74% at an OLR of 14.6 kg COD/m3 expanded bed (e.b)-day. A COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Experimental results have suggested that the COD removal efficiency of an AFBR is only a function of COD loading, and neither the feed COD nor HRT alone significantly affect the performance of the reactor. A linear relationship was found between the specific substrate utilization rate and the specific methane production rate. It was observed that the distribution of the biomass along the height of the reactor is not uniform, and the biomass hold-up near the top of the reactor may reach concentrations of greater than 20,000 mg/l.

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