Performance of a non-phosphorus antiscalant on inhibition of calcium-sulfate precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Xue ◽  
Change Fu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Fangfang Zheng ◽  
Weiben Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Strong Ability

The aim of this study is to report on the performance of a novel non-phosphorus antiscalant, acrylic acid (AA)-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEC), being developed for calcium-sulfate scale inhibition in industrial water systems. The performance of AA-APEC on calcium-sulfate scale inhibition was compared with that of the two commercial inhibitors, polyamino polyether methylene phosphonates (PAPEMP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), containing the same polyethylene glycol segments or carboxyl functional groups as AA-APEC. The study indicated that AA-APEC could act as a highly effective calcium sulfate inhibitor, having strong ability to inhibit the precipitation of calcium sulfate at a dosage of 2 mg L−1, showing approximately 83.6% inhibition. The results also showed that AA-APEC dosage, the solution pH, inhibiting temperature, concentration of Ca2+, and SO42− all play important roles in inhibiting calcium-sulfate precipitation. The precipitation thermodynamics and kinetics at different temperatures were also discussed. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that AA-APEC strongly affected the texture and the morphology of the deposited calcium sulfate. Calcium sulfate has been inhibited through stabilization by adsorption onto crystal growth sites of nascent crystals altering their morphology.

scholarly journals Preparation of carboxymethyl-quaternized oligochitosan and its scale inhibition and antibacterial activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-xin Zhang ◽  
Dong-xue Sun ◽  
Yu-chao Zhu ◽  
Ting-ru Yang ◽  
Xiu-hong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Static Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Ft Ir

Carboxymethyl-quaternized oligochitosan (CMQAOC) was prepared through carboxymethylization and N-quaternization of oligochitosan (OC) which was obtained from chitosan degradation. The structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-NMR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The performances for both scale and microbial inhibition of CMQAOC were evaluated by static test and culture flask method, respectively. The results showed that the scale inhibition rate for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate scale were both beyond 80% with a CMQAOC dosage of 20 mg/L. With a degree of substitution for quaternary ammonia of up to 0.74, the killing rate for saprophytic bacteria and sulfate-reducting bacteria was 98.9 and 100%, respectively. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) of CMQAOC was 0.45, showing that CMQAOC is as biodegradable as OC.

Modified pectin-based polymers as green antiscalants for calcium sulfate scale inhibition

Desalination ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Muneesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Sharma ◽  
Ghanshyam S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale

Kinetic Behavior of Self-Reducing Pellets Containing Coal of Elephant Grass

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Elisa Pinto da Rocha ◽  
Camila Martins Hosken ◽  
Adriana da Cunha Rocha ◽  
Andrea Pedroza da Rocha Santos ◽  
Jose Adilson de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures

Aiming to reducing the gas emissions in the steel mill, in the present study the kinetic behavior of self-reducing pellets containing elephant grass coal and iron ore was investigated through kinetic isotherms for different temperatures. The pellets were isothermally treated in different time intervals for X-Ray diffraction and SEM analyzes. The results obtained by XRD showed that the higher mass of iron in the sample was achieved until the first 24 min. The SEM analysis allowed visualizing the presence of a metallic porous structure closer to edge and whiskers in the center of sample.

Characterization of Gypsum Waste from Civil Construction to Obtain Polymer Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Suellen Signer Bartolomei ◽  
Helio Wiebeck
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hydrated Calcium

This work aims to characterize the post-consumption plaster and compare it with virgin plaster. Burrs from plaster frames manufacturing were collected at the manufacturer. These samples were dried in a drying oven. Then, they were milled in a ball mill, until forming a fine and homogeneous powder. The samples were returned to the drying oven at three different temperatures, 100, 150 and 200°C, to define the best drying temperature, because the water removed in this process changes the structure of the semi-hydrated calcium sulfate gypsum into bihydrated. Then, vibrational Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the virgin plaster and the reused plaster, making it possible to know the structure and the groups present in the components.

scholarly journals Dual-Electronic Nanomaterial (Synthetic Clay) for Effective Removal of Toxic Cationic and Oxyanionic Metal Ions from Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Van Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Thien Tran Nguyen ◽  
Loc That Ton ◽  
Dong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Khuong Quoc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Synthetic Clay

A synthetic clay (Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides; LDH) was directly synthesized through a simple coprecipitation method under a low-supersaturation condition. The clay was applied to remove metal cations (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+) and oxyanions (MnO4– and Cr2O72–) from a single aqueous solution. The result demonstrated that LDH exhibited a poor porosity (its specific surface area and total pore volume: 23.2 m2/g and 0.161 cm3/g, respectively) and positively charged surface within solution pH from 3.0 to 12. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data suggested that the basal spacing of LDH was 0.773 nm. The presence of active CO32– anions in the interlayer region of LDH that played an extremely important role in the adsorption process was identified by XRD and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that LDH possessed a surface morphology like a plate with a hexagonal shape. The adsorption isotherms of LDH towards various potentially toxic metals were conducted at 1.0 g/L, pHEquilibrium 5.0, 30°C, and 24 h. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of LDH towards the target metals exhibited the following order: 1.299 mmol/g (for Ni2+ adsorption) > 0.880 mmol/g (Cd2+) > 0.701 mmol/g (Cr3+) > 0.657 mmol/g (Pb2+) > 0.601 mmol/g (Cu2+) > 0.589 mmol/g (Cr2O72–) > 0.522 mmol/g MnO4–. The synthetic clay can adsorb both cations and anions in the solution. Therefore, such LDH material can serve as a potential dual-electronic adsorbent for effectively eliminating various oxyanionic and cationic metal ions from water media.

Novel and green hydroxyperylene imide based fluorescent polymer for calcium sulfate scale inhibition

2021 ◽  
pp. 117730
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Wenzhong Yang ◽  
Xiaoshuang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Fluorescent Polymer

scholarly journals Inhibition of Poly(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-diethanolamine) on Deposition of Calcium Sulfate Crystal in Simulated Industrial Water

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jian-Qiu Chen ◽  
Ting-Ran Liu ◽  
Miao-Miao Sun ◽  
Yu-Zeng Zhao ◽  
Hong-Hua Ge
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Sulfate Crystal

Calcium sulfate scale is a typical deposit on the equipment pieces or pipes of an industrial water system. Scale inhibitors could obviously reduce the precipitation of calcium sulfate crystal. The development and research of late-model environmentally friendly polymer inhibitors are often urgent problems to be addressed. A water-soluble poly(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-diethanolamine) (PEDTA-DEA) was successfully synthesized by thermal polycondensation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with diethanolamine (DEA). The polymer product was characterized by Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR) and the molecular weight was measured by gel chromatography, which confirms the polymerization of the two monomers. The inhibition effect of the polymer against calcium sulfate deposition was studied by static scale inhibition tests. When the Ca2+ concentration is 3000 mg/L, and the dosage of the polymer inhibitor is 10 mg/L, the inhibition effect exceeds 90%. The results show that PEDTA-DEA can inhibit the precipitation of calcium sulfate and reduce the deposition of calcium sulfate scale. The precipitate of calcium sulfate collected from the static scale inhibition test solution was analyzed by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the addition of the polymer significantly changes the calcium sulfate crystal’s growth shape. Therefore, PEDTA-DEA is a potential calcium sulfate precipitation inhibitor for the industrial water system.

Quantitative Evaluation of Calcium Sulfate Precipitation Kinetics in the Presence and Absence of Scale Inhibitors

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 977-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfang Fan ◽  
Amy T Kan ◽  
Gongmin Fu ◽  
Mason B Tomson ◽  
Dong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Precipitation Kinetics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Kinetics Of

Summary In this study, the nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfate scale formation in the presence and absence of scale inhibitors has been studied. The nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfates in 0–3.2 M NaCl solution was measured from 0 to 200°C at various supersaturation conditions [saturation index (SI) = 0–1.3]. The phase behavior of these various calcium sulfate phases was monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The inhibition study was performed by evaluating the inhibition efficiency of calcium sulfate precipitation at the same supersaturation and temperature ranges as those of the nucleation study. Several polyphosphonate, polymeric, and environmentally friendly inhibitors were found to be effective inhibitors. The study has shown that calcium sulfate scales are very difficult to inhibit at SI > 1. Calcium sulfate scale is inhibited most effectively by hexamethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (HDTMP) if the saturation index is less than approximately 1.0. In addition, a semiquantitative model to predict precipitation kinetics of calcium sulfate as a function of temperature, pH, SI, and HDTMP concentration is established with experimental results from this study. The effect of methanol and methylene glycol (MEG) on calcium sulfate precipitation kinetics and inhibition is also presented.

Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
KEVIN TAYLOR ◽  
RICH ADDERLY ◽  
GAVIN BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.

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