Zinc-sulphate-heptahydrate coated activated carbon for microbe removal from stormwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1582-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Guest ◽  
C. Schang ◽  
A. Deletic ◽  
D. T. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Filtration Material

There is a need to develop effective stormwater filters for passive (without any addition of chemicals or energy) and effective removal of pathogens in order to mainstream stormwater harvesting. This study focuses on the development of coated granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration material in order to develop filters for effective removal of pathogens from urban stormwater. Several laboratory trials were performed to gauge the effectiveness of the filters, which use a mixture of the zinc-sulphate-heptahydrate coated GAC and sand, on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from semi-natural stormwater. On average, a 98% removal of the inflow concentration of E. coli was achieved. Furthermore, there was also an improvement of approximately 25% in the removal of phosphorous. However, it was found that the treated material was leaching zinc. It was important to determine whether the observed removal of E. coli was indirectly caused by the sampling methodology. The results showed that the inactivation of the E. coli in the collected sample was small compared with the inactivation which actually occurred within the filter. This provides much promise to the filter, but the presence of zinc in the outflow demonstrates the need for further investigation into the stabilisation of the coating process.

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene blue, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonus aeruginosa by Adsorption Process of Activated Carbon Produced from Moringa oleifera Bark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahin Azad ◽  
Syaza Azhari ◽  
Mohd Sukri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
E Coli

The utilization of biopolymer derived from Moringa oleifera bark using ZnCl2 and H2SO4 as activating agents for eliminating Methylene blue, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from producing wastewater. In this study, Methylene blue and both bacteria were effectively adsorbed by activated carbon with lowest dosage. The activated carbon was prepared from natural-by product of Moringa oleifera bark by pyrolysis in a furnace at 700°C for 1 h. The characteristics of activated carbon have been determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), pHzpc (zero point charge), and FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained result were closely fitted with Freundlich isotherm model and adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second order model with the highest value of correlation coefficient (R2~1). Adsorption quantity was dose dependent and bacteria were maximum adsorbed using 10 mg of activated carbon as well as 25mg for methylene blue. The maximum adsorption capacity showed within 1 hour. The bacterial load was reduced by 98% for E. coli, 96% for P. aeruginosa as well as methylene blue reduced 94.2% from aqueous solution using batch adsorption methods. Adsorption process controlled by film diffusion mechanism. These result proposed that the activated carbon of Moringa oleifera can be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of Methylene blue, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals CARVÃO ATIVADO GRANULAR IMPREGNADO COM ZINCO PARA REMOÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS DA ÁGUA PARA CONSUMO HUMANO

e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Flávia Sayuri Arakawa ◽  
Quelen Letícia Shimabuku ◽  
Priscila Ferri Coldebella ◽  
Franciele Pereira Camacho ◽  
Fernando Alves Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Filter Bed

<p align="justify">O carvão ativado granular impregnado com zinco (C/Zn) foi avaliado em relação à atividade antibacteriana para eliminação de micro-organismos na purificação de água para consumo humano. Os meios filtrantes produzidos a partir de C/Zn foram caracterizados através de técnicas instrumentais como análises de BET e difração de raios-X (DRX) para determinar a distribuição de poros e área superficial e as fases estruturais, respectivamente. Experimentos foram realizados em um sistema doméstico de purificação de água utilizando filtros com leito de carvão ativado granular sem impregnação e com impregnação de zinco nas concentrações de 1,0, 3,0, 5,0 e 10,0% (m/m). A atividade antibacteriana dos meios filtrantes foi avaliada em relação à eficiência de remoção de bactérias Escherichia coli da água. Foram preparadas soluções sintéticas com água deionizada contaminada artificialmente com uma concentração aproximada entre 1,0x105 a 9,0x106 UFC/100mL de Escherichia coli. Assim a eficiência bacteriológica dos meios filtrantes com C/Zn foi superior com o aumento da concentração de zinco impregnado no carvão ativado. O filtro com leito de carvão ativado impregnado com 10% de zinco apresentou a maior eficiência com remoção de Escherichia coli superior a 99% e melhorando a qualidade bacteriológica da água para consumo humano.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">Granular activated carbon impregnated with zinc (C/Zn) was evaluated for the antibacterial activity for elimination of micro-organisms in drinking water purification. The filter media produced from C/Zn were characterized by instrumental techniques such as the BET analyzes and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the pore distribution and surface area and structural phases, respectively. Experiments were performed in a household water purification system using filters with granular activated carbon bed without impregnation and impregnation with zinc in concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0% (w/w). The antibacterial activity of the filter media was evaluated regarding to the removal efficiency of bacteria Escherichia coli of water. Synthetic solutions were prepared with deionized water contaminated artificially with an approximate concentration of 1.0 x105 to 9.0 x106 CFU/100mL of Escherichia coli. The efficiency bacteriological efficiency bacteriological of filter media with C/Zn was higher with increasing concentration of zinc impregnated on activated carbon.The filter bed of activated carbon impregnated with 10% of zinc showed the highest efficiency with removal of bacterial Escherichia coli higher than 98% and improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water.</p>

Escherichia coli in urban stormwater: explaining their variability

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. McCarthy ◽  
V.G. Mitchell ◽  
A. Deletic ◽  
C. Diaper
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Urbanised Catchments

The development of a model that predicts the levels of microorganisms in urban stormwater will aid in the assessment of health risks when using stormwater for both recreational uses and as an alternate water resource. However, the development of such a model requires an understanding of the dominant processes that influence the behaviour of microorganisms in urban systems. Using simple and multiple regression analyses this paper determines the dominant processes which affect the inter-event variability of the microbial indicator Escherichia coli (E. coli ) in four urbanised catchments. The results reveal that a number of antecedent climatic conditions, together with rainfall intensity, can significantly explain the inter-event variation in wet weather E. coli levels.

scholarly journals Electrosorptive disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) aqueous solutions by activated carbon monolith electrodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edip Bayram ◽  
Ceren Karaman ◽  
Zehra Kuru ◽  
Onur Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon Monolith ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbon Monolith ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Electrosorption, which can be defined as adsorption onto the surfaces of charged electrodes, has been developing as an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for removing toxic pollutants from aqueous solutions. In this study, an industrial process was used for the fabrication of activated carbon electrodes (ACEs). An electroless metal deposition method was used for the modification of activated carbon granules with silver (Ag) for antibacterial activity of electrodes. The antibacterial activity of Ag-modified–ACEs (Ag–ACEs) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria commonly found in water was tested. Adsorption and electrosorption behaviors of E. coli aqueous solutions onto ACEs and Ag–ACEs were examined in a cyclic electrosorption system. It has been concluded that the performance of Ag–ACEs is better than ACEs as an electrode for electrosorption of E. coli. Moreover polarization can significantly enhance the removal efficiency of E. coli on both ACEs and Ag–ACEs. Finally, electrosorption capacity of the system for E. coli was determined.

scholarly journals Disinfection of Escherichia coli by a Reactive Electrochemical Membrane System Involving Activated Carbon Fiber Cloth (ACFC)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Edward Huang ◽  
Townshend White ◽  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Shi ◽  
Jiayang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon Fiber Cloth ◽  
Unit Reduction ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber Cloth

This study examined a novel reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) system with activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) serving simultaneously as the anode and the membrane to effectively disinfect water that was filtered through the device. An Escherichia coli strain was inoculated to water as a model pathogen. The influence of REM operation parameters, including the number of ACFC layers, voltage, flow rate and operation time, was evaluated. Up to 7.5 log unit reduction of E. coli concentration in water was achieved at the optimal treatment condition, while the energy consumption was 1.5 kWh/m3 per log unit reduction of E. coli. This makes it possible to use this ACFC-based REM technology for point-of-use water disinfection to provide clean water for underdeveloped regions. Further tests by free radical probing, Linear Scan Voltammetry (LSV) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggest that the disinfection involved the filtration/retention of bacteria on ACFC and attack by reactive oxygen species generated electrochemically on the anode.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Thermal stability and decomposition of perfluoroalkyl substances on spent granular activated carbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Bin Yao ◽  
Pavankumar Challa Sasi ◽  
Svetlana Golovko ◽  
Dana Soli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances
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