Bacterial diversity in antibiotic wastewater treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Han ◽  
L. Y. Wang ◽  
B. Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

The bacterial diversity of an antibiotic industrial wastewater treatment system was analyzed to provide the information required for further optimization of this process and for identification of bacterial strains that perform improved degradation of antibiotic industrial wastewater. The total bacterial DNA of samples collected at three stages (aeration, precipitation, and idle) during the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the 16 s rDNA V3 regions. Community analysis was conducted in terms of the richness value (S), the dominance degree and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H). Rich bacterial diversity was apparent in the aeration stage of the SBR process, and the number of bands in the aeration stage was more abundant than that in the precipitation and idle stages. The DGGE analysis showed 15 bands, six of which were uncultured bacteria, and included one anaerobic and five aerobic bacteria. The microbial community in the aeration stage was the most complex of the whole SBR process, while the dominant bacteria differed in each reaction stage. These results demonstrate the cyclical dynamic changes in the bacterial population during the SBR process for the treatment of antibiotic industrial wastewater.

A comparitive study of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Rowan ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
N. Gray ◽  
J.R. Snape ◽  
D. Fearnside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrosococcus Mobilis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

The diversity and community structure of the b-proteobacterial ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) in a range of different lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors were compared. Three of the reactors treat waste from mixed domestic and industrial sources whereas the other reactor treats waste solely of industrial origin. PCR with AOB selective primers was combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to allow comparative analysis of the dominant AOB populations and the phylogenetic affiliation of the dominant AOB was determined by cloning and sequencing or direct sequencing of bands excised from DGGE gels. Different AOB were found within and between different reactors. All AOB sequences identified were grouped within the genus Nitrosomonas. Within the lab-scale reactors there appeared to be selection for a low diversity of AOB and predominance of a single AOB population. Furthermore, the industrial input in both effluents apparently selected for salt tolerant AOB, most closely related to Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosomonas halophila.

Nutrients removal in hybrid fluidised bed bioreactors operated with aeration cycles

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Martín Martín ◽  
L. López Enríquez ◽  
M. Fernández-Polanco ◽  
S. Villaverde ◽  
P.A. García-Encina
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Two hybrid fluidised bed reactors filled with sepiolite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were operated with short cycled aeration for removing organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively. Both reactors were continuously operated with synthetic and/or industrial wastewater containing 350–500 mg COD/L, 110–130 mg NKT/L, 90–100 mg NH3-N/L and 12–15 mg P/L for 8 months. The reactor filled with sepiolite, treating only synthetic wastewater, removed COD, ammonia, total nitrogen and phosphorous up to 88, 91, 55 and 80% with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, respectively. These efficiencies correspond to removal rates of 0.95 kgCODm−3d−1 and 0.16 kg total N m−3d−1.The reactor filled with GAC was operated for 4 months with synthetic wastewater and 4 months with industrial wastewater, removing 98% of COD, 96% of ammonia, and 66% of total nitrogen, with an HRT of 13.6 h. No significant phosphorous removing activity was observed in this reactor. Microbial communities growing with both reactors were followed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The microbial fingerprints, i.e. DGGE profiles, indicated that biological communities in both reactors were stable along the operational period even when the operating conditions were changed.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Cellulose Degradation and Electricity Production by Enterobacter cloacae in a Microbial Fuel Cell

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3673-3678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Rezaei ◽  
Defeng Xing ◽  
Rachel Wagner ◽  
John M. Regan ◽  
Tom L. Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT Electricity can be directly generated by bacteria in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) from many different biodegradable substrates. When cellulose is used as the substrate, electricity generation requires a microbial community with both cellulolytic and exoelectrogenic activities. Cellulose degradation with electricity production by a pure culture has not been previously demonstrated without addition of an exogenous mediator. Using a specially designed U-tube MFC, we enriched a consortium of exoelectrogenic bacteria capable of using cellulose as the sole electron donor. After 19 dilution-to-extinction serial transfers of the consortium, 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and band sequencing revealed that the dominant bacterium was Enterobacter cloacae. An isolate designated E. cloacae FR from the enrichment was found to be 100% identical to E. cloacae ATCC 13047T based on a partial 16S rRNA sequence. In polarization tests using the U-tube MFC and cellulose as a substrate, strain FR produced 4.9 ± 0.01 mW/m2, compared to 5.4 ± 0.3 mW/m2 for strain ATCC 13047T. These results demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to generate electricity from cellulose using a single bacterial strain without exogenous mediators.

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial Diversity Associated with Epithelial Tissue in the Beef Cow Rumen during the Transition to a High-Grain Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5770-5781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Chen ◽  
Gregory B. Penner ◽  
Meiju Li ◽  
Masahito Oba ◽  
Le Luo Guan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACTOur understanding of the ruminal epithelial tissue-associated bacterial (defined as epimural bacteria in this study) community is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine whether diet influences the diversity of the epimural bacterial community in the bovine rumen. Twenty-four beef heifers were randomly assigned to either a rapid grain adaptation (RGA) treatment (n= 18) in which the heifers were allowed to adapt from a diet containing 97% hay to a diet containing 8% hay over 29 days or to the control group (n= 6), which was fed 97% hay. Rumen papillae were collected when the heifers were fed 97%, 25%, and 8% hay diets. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were used to characterize rumen epimural bacterial diversity and to estimate the total epimural bacterial population (copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene). The epimural bacterial diversity from RGA heifers changed (P= 0.01) in response to the rapid dietary transition, whereas it was not affected in control heifers. A total of 88 PCR-DGGE bands were detected, and 44 were identified from phyla includingFirmicutes,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteria. The bacteriaTreponemasp.,Ruminobactersp., andLachnospiraceaesp. were detected only when heifers were fed 25% and 8% hay diets, suggesting the presence of these bacteria is the result of adaptation to the high-grain diets. In addition, the total estimated population of rumen epimural bacteria was positively correlated with molar proportions of acetate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate, suggesting that they may play a role in volatile fatty acid metabolism in the rumen.

PCR-DGGE Analysis of Bacterial Diversity of Intestinal System in Hyperlipidemia Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 898-901
Author(s):  
Ri Na Wu ◽  
Xiao Meng Pang ◽  
Xi Yan Wang ◽  
Jun Rui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dgge Analysis ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene has been regarded as one of powerful tools for gaining insight into the bacterial diversity of intestinal system. In the present study, hyperlipidemia model was constructed in rat according to the tests of blood lipids. Fecal samples of rats were collected after 60d feeding, and DGGE was used to investigate the diversities of intestinal bacteria in the artificially-induced hyperlipidemia rats and normal rats. The results showed that two patterns had similarities, but there were also some different bacteria communities. Moreover, control group had much more bands than model group on gel, showing species in intestinal of model rats might be deduced by hyperlipidemia. It will be helpful to explore the relationship between hyperlipidemia and intestinal flora.

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