scholarly journals The sequencing batch reactor as an excellent configuration to treat wastewater from the petrochemical industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Caluwé ◽  
Dominique Daens ◽  
Ronny Blust ◽  
Luc Geuens ◽  
Jan Dries
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Adaptation Period

In the present study, the influence of a changing feeding pattern from continuous to pulse feeding on the characteristics of activated sludge was investigated with a wastewater from the petrochemical industry from the harbour of Antwerp. Continuous seed sludge, adapted to the industrial wastewater, was used to start up three laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. After an adaptation period from the shift to pulse feeding, the effect of an increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and volume exchange ratio (VER) were investigated one after another. Remarkable changes of the specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR), microscopic structure, sludge volume index (SVI), SVI30/SVI5 ratio, and settling rate were observed during adaptation. sOUR increased two to five times and treatment time decreased 43.9% in 15 days. Stabilization of the SVI occurred after a period of 20 days and improved significantly from 300 mL·g−1 to 80 mL·g−1. Triplication of the OLR and VER had no negative influence on sludge settling and effluent quality. Adaptation time of the microorganisms to a new feeding pattern, OLR and VER was relatively short and sludge characteristics related to aerobic granular sludge were obtained. This study indicates significant potential of the batch activated sludge system for the treatment of this industrial petrochemical wastewater.

Aerobic granular sludge: a promising technology for decentralised wastewater treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.H. Li ◽  
T. Kuba ◽  
T. Kusuda
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fast Settling

In order to evaluate the characteristics of aerobic granular sludge, a sequencing batch reactor, feeding with synthetic wastewater at the organic loading rate of 8 kg COD/m3 d, was employed on the laboratory scale. Granules occurred in the reactor within 1 week after the inoculation from conventional flocculent sludge. Aerobic granular sludge was characterised by the outstanding settling properties and considerable contaminates removal efficiencies. The SVI30 values were in the range of 20 to 40 ml g−1. However, the sludge volume index of short settling time (e.g. SVI10 – 10 min) is suggested to describe the fast settling properties of aerobic granular sludge. The potential application in the decentralised system is evaluated from the point view of footprint and high bioactivity. The occurrence of sloughing, resulting from the outgrowth of filamentous organisms, would be responsible for the instability of aerobic granules. The starvation phase should therefore be carefully controlled for the maintenance and stability of aerobic granular sludge system.

Performance and Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Ji Min Shen ◽  
Zhong Lin Chen ◽  
Xiao Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Microbial Species

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from activated-sludge in sequencing batch reactor. The change of physical properties and the effect of treatment of organic substance and microbial community were studied in the process of the different influent organic loading rate. The results showed that the formation process of aerobic granulation was rapid but the granular sludge was not stable and existed a disintegration-reunion dynamic balance system. The value of MLSS descended from 5.12g/L to 1.03g/L. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N decreased to 74.17% and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency maintained beyond 90% all the while. The CODCr removal was over 85% which higher than that of after adding in methanol, then reduced but had trend of rise to 31.89% at last. Microbial species in granulation were speculated by detecting polyhydroxyalkan- oates between granular sludge and activated sludge in the reactor. The results showed that microbial species of activated sludge are more diverse.

scholarly journals Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3851-3854
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Strength

Aerobic granular sludge can be used to treat various types of wastewater, such as industrial, municipal and domestic wastewater. This study investigated the treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater while simultaneously developed aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Activated sludge was used as the seeding for granulation. The results indicated good COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal at 72% and 73%, respectively. Aerobic granular sludge was successfully developed with low sludge volume index (SVI30) of 29 mL/g, which demonstrated an excellent settling property of aerobic granular sludge. Biomass concentration increased significantly compared to the seed sludge, indicating high biomass density in the SBR system. Settling velocity of aerobic granular sludge was significantly higher compared to the conventional activated sludge. This study showed the feasibility of aerobic granular sludge to be developed using low-strength domestic wastewater. Moreover, this study demonstrated the long-term application of aerobic granular sludge in domestic wastewater treatment.

On-line measurements of settling characteristics in activated sludge

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Michael R. Rasmussen ◽  
Torben Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Dynamic Variations ◽  
On Line ◽  
Settling Column ◽  
Settling Characteristics

An on-line settling column for measuring the dynamic variations of settling velocity of activated sludge has been developed. The settling column is automatic and self-cleansing insuring continuous and reliable measurements. The settling column was tested on sludge from a batch reactor where sucrose was added as an impulse to activated sludge. The continuous measurement of settling velocity revealed a highly dynamic response after the sucrose was added. The results were verified with simultaneous measurement of the initial settling rate. A 200 hour experiment showed variations in settling velocity, which was not apparent in the DSVI (Diluted Sludge Volume Index).

The SBR and its biofilm application potentials

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Wilderer ◽  
B.S. McSwain
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Slow Growing

Twenty plus years of experience, innovation, and research in the field of biological wastewater treatment and biofilm applications lead to the conclusion that biofilms are in many cases more desirable in reactors than suspended activated sludge. Biofilm reactors can provide very long biomass residence times even when the hydraulic influent loading is low. This makes them particularly suitable when treatment requires slow growing organisms with poor biomass yield or when the wastewater concentration is too low to support growth of activated sludge flocs. Regardless of the settling characteristics of biological aggregates or the hydraulic influent loading the metabolic activity in the reactor can be maintained at a high level. This paper reviews the application of biofilms in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems to treat non-readily biodegradable substrates, volatile organic waste constituents, complex waste streams requiring co-metabolism, and particulate wastewaters. Recent research using the SBR to form aerobic granular sludge as a special application of biofilms is also discussed.

scholarly journals The treatment of solvent recovery raffinate by aerobic granular sludge in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Long ◽  
Chang-zhu Yang ◽  
Wen-hong Pu ◽  
Jia-kuan Yang ◽  
Guo-sheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Solvent Recovery ◽  
Mixed Liquor

Mature aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was inoculated for the start-up of a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of high concentration solvent recovery raffinate (SRR). The proportion of simulated wastewater (SW) (w/w) in the influent gradually decreased to zero during the operation, while volume of SRR gradually increased from zero to 10.84 L. AGS was successfully domesticated after 48 days, which maintained its structure during the operation. The domesticated AGS was orange, irregular, smooth and compact. Sludge volume index (SVI), SV30/SV5, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids/mixed liquor suspended solids (MLVSS/MLSS), extracellular polymeric substances, proteins/polysaccharides, average particle size, granulation rate, specific oxygen utilization rates (SOUR)H and (SOUR)N of AGS were about 38 mL/g, 0.97, 0.52, 39.73 mg/g MLVSS, 1.17, 1.51 mm, 96.66%, 47.40 mg O2/h g volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 8.96 mg O2/h g VSS, respectively. Good removal effect was achieved by the reactor. Finally, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) were more than 98%, 96%, 97% and 97%, respectively. The result indicated gradually increasing the proportion of real wastewater in influent was a useful domestication method, and the feasibility of AGS for treatment of high C/N ratio industrial wastewater.

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as optimal method for production of granular activated sludge (GAS) – fluid dynamic investigations

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Zima ◽  
L. Díez ◽  
W. Kowalczyk ◽  
A. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Optimal Method

Fluid dynamic investigations of multiphase flow (fluid, air, granules) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are presented. SBR can be considered as an attractive technology for cultivation of granular activated sludge (GAS). Granulation is a complicated process and its mechanism is not fully understood yet. Many factors influence the formation and structure of aerobic granular sludge in a bioreactor. Extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and superficial gas velocity (SGV) play a crucial role for granules formation. Additionally, it is supposed that EPS production is stimulated by mechanical forces. It is also assumed that hydrodynamic effects have a major influence on the formation, shape and size of GAS in SBR under aerobic condition. However, the influence of stress on granulation is poorly investigated. Thus, in the present paper, fluid dynamic investigations of multiphase flow in a SBR, particularly effect of normal and shear strain, are reported. In order to analyse multiphase flow in the SBR, optical in-situ techniques with particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are implemented. Obtained results show a characteristic flow pattern in a SBR. It is pointed out that additional effects like particle-wall collisions, inter particle collisions, erosion can also affect significantly granules formation.

Occurrence of Microthrix parvicella in sequencing batch reactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1984-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Mallouhi ◽  
Ute Austermann-Haun
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Microthrix Parvicella

Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are known for high process stability and usually have a good sludge volume index (SVI). Nevertheless, in many SBRs in Germany for municipal wastewater treatment, scum and foam problems can occur, and SVI can be larger than 200 mL/g. The microscopic investigations of the activated sludge from plants with nitrogen and phosphorus removal have shown that Microthrix parvicella is dominant in the activated sludge in most of them. Studies showed that the optimum growth of M. parvicella is performed at a high sludge age (>20 d) and low sludge load in the range of 0.05–0.2 kg of biochemical oxygen demand per kg of total suspended solids per day (kg BOD5/(TSS·d)). The investigations in 13 SBRs with simultaneous aerobic sludge stabilization (most of them are operated with a system called differential internal cycle strategy sequential batch reactor (DIC-SBR)) show that M. parvicella is able to grow in sludge loads less than 0.05 kg BOD5/(kg TSS·d) as well. To optimize the operation of those SBRs, long cycle times (8–12 h) and dosing of iron salts to eliminate long-chain fatty acids are both recommended. This leads to better SVI and keeps M. parvicella at a low frequency.

scholarly journals A Bioreactor Designed for Restricting Oversize of Aerobic Granular Sludge

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Hongbo Feng ◽  
Honggang Yang ◽  
Jianlong Sheng ◽  
Zengrui Pan ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Air Bubbles

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with oversized diameter commonly affects its stability and pollutant removal. In order to effectively restrict the particle size of AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a spiny aeration device was put forward. A conventional SBR (R1) and an SBR (R2) with the spiny aeration device treating tannery wastewater were compared in the laboratory. The result indicates that the size of the granular sludge from R2 was smaller than that from R1 with sludge granulation. The spines and air bubbles could effectively restrict the particle size of AGS by collision and abrasion. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and the sludge volume index (SVI) in either bioreactors. The removal (%) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in these two bioreactors did not differ from each other greatly. The analysis of biological composition displays that the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased slightly in R2. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed less accumulation of Fe and Ca in smaller granules. Furthermore, a pilot-scale SBR with a spiny aeration device was successfully utilized to restrict the diameter of granules at about 300 μm.

Cultivation of polyhydroxybutyrate-rich aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
H.Q. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Flat Shape ◽  
Sludge Granulation

In this study a two-step strategy was adopted to cultivate Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-rich aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic wastewater. In the first step both oxygen and ammonia were initially limited, in order to enhance the PHB-storage ability of sludge. In the second step granular sludge was cultivated to get a high PHB volumetric productivity. The PHB content of sludge increased to 43.1±2.0% in the first step. During the sludge granulation, the PHB content was constant at 40±4.6%. With the granulation, the settling ability of the PHB-rich sludge continuously improved, as evidenced by a decreased sludge volume index. The matured PHB-rich granular sludge presented a buff color and regular morphology with elliptical and flat shape.

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