scholarly journals Influence of design parameters on the treatment performance of VF wetlands – a simulation study

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Bernhard Pucher ◽  
Guenter Langergraber
Keyword(s):  
Filter Material ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract The main approach for designing vertical flow (VF) treatment wetlands is based on areal requirements ranging from 2 to 4 m2 per person equivalent (PE). Other design parameters are the granularity of the filter material, filter depth, hydraulic and organic loading rates, loading intervals, amount of single doses as well as the number of openings in the distribution pipes. The influence of these parameters is investigated by running simulations using the HYDRUS Wetland Module for three VF wetlands with different granularity of the filter material (0.06–4 mm, 1–4 mm, and 4–8 mm, respectively). For each VF wetland, simulations are carried out at different temperatures for different organic loading rates, loading intervals and number of distribution points. Using coarser filter material results in reduced removal of pollutants and higher effluent concentrations if VF wetlands are operated under the same conditions. However, the treatment efficiency can be increased by applying more loadings and/or a higher density of the distribution network. For finer filter material, longer loading intervals are suggested to guarantee sufficient aeration of the VF filter between successive loadings.

RESEARCH AND EVALUATE TREATMENT EFFICIENCY ON TAPIOCA PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY AEROBIC BIOFILTER TECHNOLOGY WITH VARIOUS MATERIALS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Phuong Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Anh Cam Thieu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Loading Rates

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of tapioca processing wastewater treatment using aerobic biofilter with variety of biofilter media: coir, coal, PVC plastic and Bio - Ball BB15 plastic. Research results in the lab demonstrated all four aerobic biofilter models processed can treated completely N and COD which COD reached 90-98% and N reached 61-92%, respectively, at the organic loading rates in range of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kgCOD/m3.day. The results identified coir filter was the best in four researched materials with removal COD and specific substract utilization rate can reach 98%, and 0.6 kg COD/kgVSS.day. Research results open the new prospects for the application of the cheap materials, available for wastewater treatment.

Start-Up Procedures and Analysis of Microbial Segregation in HABR Using Synthetic Brewery Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1176-1181
Author(s):  
Hui Ting Li ◽  
Yong Feng Li ◽  
Yan Jiao Gao ◽  
Shu Ai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Community Segregation ◽  
High Treatment

A laboratory-scale hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) with five compartments using synthetic brewery wastewater as organic loading rates (OLRs) was investigated for the start-up performance and the effects of microbial community segregation on reactor start-up. Experimental results demonstrated that it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were 92~96% at 1.2 kgCOD/(m3•d) feeding over a period of 33 d, after which the reactors then successfully started. The highest percentage of CO2 in biogas was found in Compartment 1, thereafter decreased from Compartment 2 to Compartment 5 which corresponded to the increased of the percentage of CH4. It indicated that the proper anaerobic consortium in each separate compartment was developed along with specific environmental conditions, which offers the explanations that high treatment efficiency of HABR accompanied by high process stability and low operational requirements in start-up period.

The anaerobic treatment of low strength wastewaters in UASB and EGSB reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario T. Kato ◽  
Jim A. Field ◽  
Gatze Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The application of the UASB and EGSB reactors for the treatment of low strength wastewaters was investigated. The effect of dissolved oxygen on the methanogenic activity of granular sludges, the low substrate levels inside reactors and lower temperatures on the treatment performance were evaluated. The results showed that methanogens located in granular sludge have a high tolerance to oxygen. The concentration to cause 50% inhibition to methanogenic activity was between 7% and 41% oxygen in the head space of flasks, corresponding to 0.05 mg/l and 6 mg/l of DO prevailing in the media, respectively. The feasibility of UASB and EGSB reactors at 30°C was demonstrated. In UASB reactors, COD removal efficiencies exceeded 95% at organic loading rates up to 6.8 g COD/l.d and influent COD concentrations ranging from 422 to 722 mg/l, during the treatment of ethanol substrate. In EGSB reactors, efficiencies were above 80% at OLRs up to 12 g COD/l.d with COD as low as 100 to 200 mg/l. The studies confirmed that in practice DO does not constitute any detrimental effect on the reactor treatment performance. Lowering the temperature down to 15°C in EGSB reactors also showed that the potentials of anaerobic technology can be further explored in the treatment of dilute wastewaters.

Wastewater Treatment by Tropical Plants in Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
S. Pilaila ◽  
W. Tanapiyawanich ◽  
W. Tikampornpittaya ◽  
S. Kamkrua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pig Farm

A subsurface vertical-flow laboratory scale wetland system was designed to investigate the wastewater treatment efficiency by Vetiveria zizanioides Nash, a common grass in Thailand. Diluted pig farm wastewater was fed intermittently. The removal efficiencies in terms of organic carbon, nitrogen and suspended solids were satisfactory under hydraulic and organic loading rates of 36 mm/d and 55 kgCOD/ha.d, respectively. A comparison of the performance of the systems with Vetiveria zizanioides Nash and Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. to treat domestic wastewater was made. It was found that both plants are suitable for wastewater treatment by vertical-flow constructed wetlands in tropical areas under hydraulic and organic loading rates within 121 mm/d and 198 kgCOD/ha.d, respectively.

Comparison of grey water treatment performance by a cascading sand filter and a constructed wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Kadewa ◽  
K. Le Corre ◽  
M. Pidou ◽  
P. J. Jeffrey ◽  
B. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Surfactant Removal ◽  
Better Than

A novel unplanted vertical flow subsurface constructed wetland technology comprising three shallow beds (0.6 m length, 0.45 m width and 0.2 m depth) arranged in a cascading series and a standard single-pass Vertical Flow Planted Constructed Wetland (VFPCW, 6 m2 and 0.7 m depth) were tested for grey water treatment. Particular focus was on meeting consent for published wastewater reuse parameters and removal of anionic surfactants. Treatment performance at two hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 0.08, and 0.17 m3 m−2 d−1 were compared. Both technologies effectively removed more than 90% turbidity and more than 96% for organics with the prototype meeting the most stringent reuse standard of <2 NTU and <10 mg/L. However, surfactant removal in the VFPCW was higher (76–85%) than in the prototype which only achieved more than 50% removal at higher loading rate. Generally, the prototype performed consistently better than the VFPCW except for surfactant removal. However, at higher loading rates, both systems did not meet the reuse standard of <1 mg L−1 for anionic surfactants. This observation confirms that shallow beds provide a more oxidised environment leading to higher BOD5 and COD removals. Presence of plants in the VFPCW led to higher anionic surfactant removal, through increased microbial and sorption processes.

Influence of organic loading rates on treatment performance of membrane bioreactor treating tannery wastewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 101810
Author(s):  
Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo ◽  
Xuan-Thanh Bui ◽  
Bao-Trong Dang ◽  
Thanh-Tin Nguyen ◽  
Van-Truc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Performance

Primary effluent filtration in small-scale installations

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. L. van Buuren ◽  
A. Abusam ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Multilayer Filters ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

This paper reviews recent technological developments in the filtration of primary effluent. Various studies show that single stage intermittent sand filters attain removal efficiencies of 90% COD, 95% BOD5, 30% TN, 40% TP and 99-99.9% FC at maximum BOD5 loads of around 10 g.m−2.d−1 and hydraulic loads of 5-10 cm.d−1. The permissible organic load can be enhanced by measures such as improved aeration and the use of multilayer filters. Nitrogen removal can be enhanced to 70% by adding a C-source to the filter material or by using two-stage post- and pre-denitrification systems. High organic loading rates (up to around 100 g BOD5.m−2.d−1) are possible with aerated adsorbent foam as a medium.

Stabilization of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Consolidating Benthal Deposits

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Bryant ◽  
L. G. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organic Deposits

The objective of this research was to develop and validate a predictive model of the benthal stabilization of organic carbon and nitrogen in deposits of waste activated sludge solids formed at the bottom of an aerated water column, under conditions of continual deposition. A benthal model was developed from a one-dimensional, generalized transport equation and a set of first-order biological reactions. For model verification, depth profiles of the major interstitial carbon and nitrogen components were measured from a set of deposits formed in the laboratory at 20°C and a controlled loading rate. The observed sequence of volatile acid utilization in each benthal deposit was that which would be predicted by the Gibbs free energies of the individual degradation reactions and would be controlled by the reduction in interstitial hydrogen partial pressure with time. Biodegradable solids were solubilized rapidly during the first three weeks of benthal retention, but subsequent solubilization occurred much more slowly. The benthal simulation effectively predicted the dynamics of consolidating, organic deposits. Simulation of organic loading rates up to 250 g BVSS/(m2 day) indicated that the stabilization capacity of benthal deposits was far above the range of organic loading rates currently used in lagoon design.

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