scholarly journals Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Y. Stein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Safety Standards

Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including exposure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still continue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into consideration when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non-thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersensitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.

scholarly journals Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Y. Stein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Safety Standards

Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including ex- posure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still con- tinue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into considera- tion when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non- thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersen- sitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.

Study of photobiomodulation effects with violet-blue and red light in experimental oncogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Evgeniya S. Zhukova ◽  
Tatiana G. Shcherbatyuk ◽  
Arseniy L. Potapov ◽  
Irina A. Chernigina ◽  
Vladimir V. Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Radical Processes

Introduction. There is still an open question about the limits of medical use of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical range in tumor growth due to the risk of increased proliferation of tumor cells. The conditions under which the tumor process is stimulated, as well as the mechanisms of photobiomodulation in oncological pathology, remain unclear. The aim of the study - in vitro evaluation and comparison of the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on the activity of free-radical processes in tumor tissue and blood in normal and growing experimental neoplasia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on biological material obtained from white non-linear rats intact and with subcutaneously transplanted cholangiocellular cancer MS-1. The sources of low-intensity radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm were led generators. The content of hemoglobin, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, changes in the overall level of free radical processes and antioxidant activity by induced chemiluminescence, and DNA damage by the method of DNA comets were studied. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. The multidirectional effect of radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on free-radical homeostasis indicators at the early and late stages of tumor growth, as well as the dependence of biological effects on the wavelength of radiation, was found. Conclusions. The results obtained allow making a number of assumptions about the mechanisms of action of the optical electromagnetic waves on tumor growth, modulating free radical processes in the tumor-bearing organism.

scholarly journals Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 422-428
Author(s):  
Jin-Hwa Moon
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Frequencies

In today’s world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz. A developing child’s brain is vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation; thus, their caregivers’ concerns about the health effects of EMFs are increasing. EMF exposure is divided into 2 categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. The biological effects of EMFs on humans include stimulation, thermal, and nonthermal, the latter of which is the least known. Among the various health issues related to EMFs, the most important issue is human carcinogenicity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC’s) evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, ELFs and RFs were evaluated as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B). However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) view of EMFs remains undetermined. This article reviews the current knowledge of EMF exposure on humans, specifically children. EMF exposure sources, biological effects, current WHO and IARC opinions on carcinogenicity, and effects of EMF exposures on children will be discussed. As well-controlled EMF experiments in children are nearly impossible, scientific knowledge should be interpreted objectively. Precautionary approaches are recommended for children until the potential health effects of EMF are confirmed.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Substantiation of the Necessity to Revise Guidelines for Measuring Electromagnetic Radiation of Cellular Base Stations

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
T.S. Ulanova ◽  
A.L. Ponomarev ◽  
O.A Molok ◽  
A.A. Odegov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Negative Effect

Introduction: Measurements of electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range are of great relevance due to the increasing number of transmitting radio facilities in the densely populated territories, constant cell site upgrades, and emerging communication standards. The paper presents a brief description of the biological effects of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and shows basic mechanisms of the negative effect on the most vulnerable organs and systems. Our objective was to evaluate valid guidelines for measuring electromagnetic radiations of the radio frequency range in residential areas, in houses and public buildings. Materials and methods: We reviewed specific characteristics of cellular base and radio relay stations, compared and described electromagnetic radiation measuring devices. The provided recommendations for their selection were based on frequencies at which the communication equipment operates. We also analyzed the current guidelines with account for characteristics of transmitting radio equipment of cellular base stations and the applied measuring instruments. Results: The results of assessing established significant differences are discussed. The analysis of the requirements for measurements demonstrated significant discrepancies and contradictions between the valid documents. The evaluation results demonstrated impossibility of simultaneous measurements of electromagnetic radiation from cellular BS and RRS due to violations of requirements for measurement procedures. We concluded that, according to the current method documents, measurements of electromagnetic radiation from the fourth (4G) and fifth (5G) generation mobile communications systems were not possible. Conclusions: We revealed the necessity to revise the compared guidelines МUК 4.3.1167–02 and МUК 4.3.1677–03, to harmonize regulatory requirements for measurements, and to develop a single document guiding measurements of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation. Recommendations for taking measurements are provided.

scholarly journals The prospects for the application of the electromagnetic waves in the terahertz frequency range for the purpose of physiotherapy (a retrospective review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Vera Vasil’evna Kir’yanova ◽  
E. N Zharova ◽  
N. T Bagraev ◽  
A. S Reukov ◽  
S. V Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Terahertz Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Terahertz Frequency Range ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Neurological Conditions

This review of the literature publications is focused on the articles in domestic and foreign editions devoted to the research on biological effects of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. It makes use of the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI, and other databases containing the relevant references for the period from 1970 up to the present days. This physical factor has found application in the Russian physiotherapeutic practice not very long ago. The main areas of its application include cardiovascular disease and neurological conditions. At the same time. the influence of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range on human health and vital activity remains virtually unexplored. The available publications give evidence of the high biological activity of the terahertz electromagnetic waves which suggests the necessity of their further investigation.

Biological effects of low-intensity radiofrequency fields and risk assessment for biota

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Elena I. Sarapultseva ◽  
Darya V. Uskalova ◽  
Ksenya V. Ustenko
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Different Levels

Despite the fact that there are still conflicting opinions about the damage caused by modern wireless communication technologies, most scientists report on the negative biological effects of low-intensity radio frequency electromagnetic radiation at different levels of the organization of live nature. There is no doubt that there is a need not only for a sanitary and hygienic assessment of man-made electromagnetic effects on humans, but also for an environmental assessment for biota. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential environmental risk of electromagnetic impact in the centimeter range on natural ecosystems. The initial data were the authors' own results in the field of radiobiology of non-ionizing radiation, as well as published of other researchers. The article analyzes the biological effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields detected in organisms of different systematic groups and levels of organization. The data on the non-thermal biological effects of electromagnetic fields indicate a high sensitivity of different species to this factor. The analyzed research results emphasize the need to take into account the features of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on biota, since these radiations can have a negative impact on different hierarchical levels in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Reaction of erythrocyte membranes of animals on direct effects of infrasound

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Sultan Tuleukhanov ◽  
Zhanna Abdrassulova ◽  
Yerubay Baibekov ◽  
Bayan Toyzhigitova ◽  
Rabiga Kaliyekper
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge Density ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Total Differential

This study focuses on the reaction of the membranes of erythrocytes based on the principles that use direct effects of infrasound. The effect on biological features was investigated through the experiments on the rats. The work determined the level of electrical conductivity of blood in rats during direct, indirect and combined effects of infrasound in vivo. There was found that infrasound stimulate the immune system and therefore the results recommend that caution is take place for people who are dealing with these low frequencies. There was used many different technologies and methods, including total differential count in order to consider all of the nuances of the observed object and the main goal. The exposure to infrasound caused increase in the electric conductivity of whole blood than the control in both types of exposure which indicates a large increase of the surface charge density of erythrocyte resulted from the formation of highly reactive species such as superoxide radicals. There were found some undesired biological effects, however further work could have decreased them to a lesser extent.

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