ASSESSING RISKS CAUSED BY NICKEL-CONTAINING NANOMATERIALS: HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION IN VIVO

The paper dwells on examining mortality among men due to malignant neoplasms (MNs) in Russia and in Norilsk and Monchegorsk, two monotowns located in the Arctic zone with the only industry there being nickel production. Nickel is a well-known carcinogen. Given rather small population numbers in these two towns, the authors calculated mortality due to MNs that was aver- aged over 8 years (2010–2017) for 5-year age groups and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for employable and post- employable ages as per this nosology in general and specific MNs localizations as well. Mortality was comparatively analyzed in two male populations in the following pairs: Monchegorsk and Russia, Norilsk and Russia; the analysis was based on data on climatic peculiarities in the towns, working conditions at industrial enterprises, ecological situation, and socioeconomic features including an existing situation in public healthcare. Socioeconomic welfare and public healthcare quality were close to average Russian ones in Monchegorsk, but SMR for employable population was higher than on average in the country: due to MNs in general, by 34.7 %; nickel-specific MNs such as MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 2.2 times; MNs in the stomach, by 1.5 times. In Norilsk working conditions were similar to those in Monchegorsk but the environmental conditions were worse; still, mortality among employable population was lower: due to MNs in general, by 15.4 %; MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 14.0 %; due to MNs in the stomach, by 39.3 %. In comparison with Russia as a whole, mortality due to MNs was also lower at employable age but higher by 21.6 % at post-employable one. A decrease in MNs-related mortality and carcinogenic effects becoming apparent at older ages were achieved due to organizing up-to-date oncologic aid in Norilsk including high-tech diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation procedures as well as due to higher living standards in the town.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY ONCOGENIC FACTORS TO THE RISK OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE URBAN POPULATION OF WORKING AGE

Health Risk Analysis ◽

10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.09.eng ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

N.V. Efimova ◽

◽

I.V. Myl'nikova ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Urban Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Test Group ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Working Age ◽

Vital Component

High morbidity and mortality caused by malignant neoplasms in various age groups among urban population remains a pressing issue that public healthcare has to solve in contemporary megacities. This research concentrated on assessing significance of oncogenic risk factors that could cause malignant neoplasms (MNs) occurrence among urban population aged 18–64 inclusively. 766 people living in an administrative and industrial center in Siberia took part in the research; MNs were diagnosed in 367 out of them (the test group). The research involved calculating individual carcinogenic risks. Oncogenic factors, both environmental and occupational ones, were examined for each patient; attention was also paid to peculiarities of medical and biological characteristics as well as tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Impacts exerted by the examined factors on risks of MNs occurrence were determined via odds ratios with estimated confidence intervals. First detected MNs frequency amounted to 638.9 ± 41.9 cases per 100 thousand people among women aged 18–64, and 532.6 ± 41.9 cases among men (p > 0.05). The following factors were determined as ones causing elevated risks of MNs occur- rence: carcinogenic hazards at a workplace; hereditary predisposition; tobacco smoking; alcohol abuse; female sex; living under exposure to chemical carcinogens in the environment. Women tended to have certain diseases that are conventionally considered possible risk factors (viral hepatitis B and C and pancreatic diabetes) 1.3 and 2.4 times more frequently than men. All the obtained data can be used for developing a targeted program aimed at malignant neoplasms prevention among urban population and they can also become a vital component in a system for managing risks of malignant neoplasms occur- rence on a given territory.

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Evaluating Efficiency of Nutrition-based Disease Prevention in Metallurgical Industry Workers Based on the Results of Biological Monitoring

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-322-1-30-33 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

S.A. Syurin ◽

A.A. Kovshov

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Occupational Disease ◽

Occupational Diseases ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The Arctic ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Murmansk Region

Introduction. The mining and metallurgical industries form the basis of the economy of the Murmansk Region. Working conditions at industrial enterprises, combined with extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic, pose an increased risk of occupational diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate working conditions and occupational disease rates among industrial workers of the Murmansk Region in 2007–2017. Materials and methods. We studies socio-hygienic monitoring data on working conditions and occupational diseases in the population of the Murmansk Region in 2007-2017 provided by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow. Results. In 2008-2017, the most common occupational risk factors in the Murmansk Region included noise (25.8%), job strain (17.8%), and chemical factor (12.6%) while 39.2% of workers were exposed to a combination of occupational hazards. Over 10 years, the absolute number of workers exposed to dangerous and hazardous industrial factors decreased by 1.8 times. In the Murmansk Region, 84.3% of occupational disease cases were registered among workers of mining and metallurgical enterprises. In 2007-2017, the region experienced a significant decrease in occupational disease incidence mainly related to job cuts. The role of other factors (improvement of working conditions, health promotion) needs to be clarified; yet, it is possible to predict their positive influence on occupational morbidity in the next few years. Conclusion. To achieve a substantial decrease in occupational disease incidence rates, it is essential to keep improving comprehensive measures aimed at preserving workers’ health in the Murmansk Region.

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Management of Arctic innovation projects – the vector of Russia’s economic breakthrough

E-Management ◽

10.26425/2658-3445-2021-4-3-34-42 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

S. S. Vopilovskii

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Russian Federation ◽

The State ◽

The Arctic ◽

High Tech ◽

Business And Society ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Infrastructure Projects ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

The Russian Federation

The study is based on the decrees of the President and state programs for the strategic development of the Russian Federation. Modern trends in the economic development of the maritime transport system, its ports and infrastructure projects of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation have been considered. It has been presented that under the conditions of the world economy regression caused by economic, political and other factors, increasing the economic potential of the Arctic territories is a priority goal, and the fulfillment of tasks to develop the Arctic and ensure national security corresponds to the fulfillment of the principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation. It has been determined that the development of the Arctic transport corridor and the Far North regions in modern conditions is impossible without a high-tech economy, and scientific and technological progress predetermines the themes of communicability of interests of the state, business and society. Key infrastructure projects in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation for the development of oil and gas complex, construction of icebreaker fleet, auxiliary Arctic-class fleet, construction of new ports to meet the challenges of increasing the flow of goods along the Northern Sea Route have been considered. The measures for sustainable, reliable energy supply to consumers in order to strengthen the life of the community, expanding the human environment using the latest technological solutions have been analysed. The readiness of industrial enterprises to solve the goals of building land, water and air transport that meets Arctic requirements has been confirmed. The purpose of the study is to assess the ongoing and planned infrastructure projects carried out by the state and business to increase the economic reserve of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation.

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EVALUATION OF AGE AND SENIORITY DYNAMICS OF THE RISK OF HEALTH DISTURBANCES IN MINERS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIA

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1198-1202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (12) ◽

pp. 1198-1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Syurin ◽

Gennadiy A. Sorokin

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Age Groups ◽

Natural Aging ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Health Indices ◽

Production Factors ◽

The Russian Federation

Introduction. Despite the improvement of technologies used in mining enterprises, most miners of the Arctic zone of Russia has harmful working conditions. However, miners’ health status is affected not only by harmful production factors, but also by severe climatic conditions of the Arctic, harmful behavioral factors (e.g. smoking), and the processes of natural aging of the organism. The aim of the study was to differentiate and hygienically assess the professional and non-professional fractions of the annual increase in risk (AIR) of chronic health disorders of miners and their comparison with officially approved hazard classes of working conditions. Material and methods. The results of a targeted periodic medical examination of 700 miners of the underground apatite-nepheline and copper-nickel mines were analyzed. 301 cases out of them, according to the developed method, were included in the studies. Two age groups and four seniority groups of workers have been formed. Results. The results of the study showed the possibility of using the criterion of AIR of chronic diseases for assessing the degree of harmfulness of working conditions based on health indices for miners in the Arctic zone of Russia, Miners have professional AIR of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, digestive organs, respiratory organs and nervous system exceeding the control levels by 2.3, 7.0, 5.0 7.0 times, respectively. Conclusion. The values of professional and non- professional factors for the risk of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and respiratory organs were drawn to almost coincide, which indicates a pronounced adverse effect of environmental factors on the health of miners in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

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Occupational malignant neoplasms in the enterprise workers in the Russian Arctic

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2003-02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

S. Syurin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Working Conditions ◽

The Arctic ◽

Dust Exposure ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Russian Arctic ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Dust Aerosols ◽

Nickel Compounds ◽

Cancer Pathology

The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk factors, prevalence and structure of occupational malignant neoplasms (OMN) in the Arctic zone of Russia. Materials and methods. The monitoring data «Working conditions and occupational morbidity» of the population of the Arctic zone of Russia in 2007–2018 were studied. Results. It was established that in 2007–2018, the risk of forming OMN was created by dust aerosols and carcinogenic chemicals, as well as ionizing radiation. Their average annual shares in the overall structure of harmful production factors were 0.66 %, 1.10 % and 0.45 %. OMN (67 cases) developed mainly among male workers of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, miners of coal and copper-nickel mines (86.6 %) aged 51–60 years and with the experience of 21–30 years. The main risk factors were nickel compounds and, to a lesser extent, carbon and silicon dioxide dust, exposure to which arose due to imperfection of technological processes and sanitary installations, design flaws of machines and other equipment. The risk of OMN when exposed to chemical carcinogens was higher than to dust aerosols (RR = 3.64; CI 1.79–7.38).The typical localizations for neoplasms were the broncho-pulmonary system (56.7 %) and the stomach (23.9 %). In 2007–2011, the share of OMN in the structure of occupational pathology was 0.84 %, decreasing in 2014–2018 to 0.44 %. Conclusion. The priority in the prevention of cancer pathology in the Russian Arctic is to reduce the exposure of workers to nickel compounds by improving working conditions and personal protective equipment, especially for respiratory organs.

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Working Conditions and Occupational Morbidity at Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises of the Murmansk Region

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-322-1-34-38 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.A. Syurin ◽

A.А. Kovshov

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Occupational Disease ◽

Occupational Diseases ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The Arctic ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Murmansk Region

Introduction. The mining and metallurgical industries form the basis of the economy of the Murmansk Region. Working conditions at industrial enterprises, combined with extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic, pose an increased risk of occupational diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate working conditions and occupational disease rates among industrial workers of the Murmansk Region in 2007–2017. Materials and methods. We studies socio-hygienic monitoring data on working conditions and occupational diseases in the population of the Murmansk Region in 2007-2017 provided by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow. Results. In 2008-2017, the most common occupational risk factors in the Murmansk Region included noise (25.8%), job strain (17.8%), and chemical factor (12.6%) while 39.2% of workers were exposed to a combination of occupational hazards. Over 10 years, the absolute number of workers exposed to dangerous and hazardous industrial factors decreased by 1.8 times. In the Murmansk Region, 84.3% of occupational disease cases were registered among workers of mining and metallurgical enterprises. In 2007-2017, the region experienced a significant decrease in occupational disease incidence mainly related to job cuts. The role of other factors (improvement of working conditions, health promotion) needs to be clarified; yet, it is possible to predict their positive influence on occupational morbidity in the next few years. Conclusion. To achieve a substantial decrease in occupational disease incidence rates, it is essential to keep improving comprehensive measures aimed at preserving workers’ health in the Murmansk Region.

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The mortality rate of the working age population in the industrial regions of Siberia

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-888-891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 888-891

Author(s):

Anastasia N. Churanova ◽

Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Working Age ◽

Industrial Regions ◽

Working Age Population

Introduction. The health of the working population is one of the most important conditions for the sustainable economic development of any country. In the industrial regions of Russia, the production activity of enterprises in the extractive and manufacturing industries leads to an increase in mortality rates of the working-age population, an increase in general and occupational morbidity. The aim of study was to study the mortality rate of the working-age population in large industrial regions - Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions with unfavorable environmental conditions and a high proportion of workers employed in harmful and hazardous working conditions. Materials and methods. On the basis of data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, socio-economic characteristics, environmental conditions, working conditions were analyzed in the regions, and age-standardized mortality rates of the working-age population were calculated. Results. The performed research showed that in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions. compared with Russia, the mortality rates of the working-age population from diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and malignant neoplasms were increased, i.e. from those causes of death that may be etiologically related to the production activities of industrial enterprises. Conclusions. In industrial regions with a high share of the mining and manufacturing industries, workers are exposed to the negative impact of environmental and industrial factors, which is reflected in the causes and mortality rates of this category of the population.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY ONCOGENIC FACTORS TO THE RISK OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE URBAN POPULATION OF WORKING AGE

Health Risk Analysis ◽

10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.09 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

N.V. Efimova ◽

◽

I.V. Myl'nikova ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Urban Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Test Group ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Working Age ◽

Vital Component

High morbidity and mortality caused by malignant neoplasms in various age groups among urban population remains a pressing issue that public healthcare has to solve in contemporary megacities. This research concentrated on assessing significance of oncogenic risk factors that could cause malignant neoplasms (MNs) occurrence among urban population aged 18–64 inclusively. 766 people living in an administrative and industrial center in Siberia took part in the research; MNs were diagnosed in 367 out of them (the test group). The research involved calculating individual carcinogenic risks. Oncogenic factors, both environmental and occupational ones, were examined for each patient; attention was also paid to peculiarities of medical and biological characteristics as well as tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Impacts exerted by the examined factors on risks of MNs occurrence were determined via odds ratios with estimated confidence intervals. First detected MNs frequency amounted to 638.9 ± 41.9 cases per 100 thousand people among women aged 18–64, and 532.6 ± 41.9 cases among men (p > 0.05). The following factors were determined as ones causing elevated risks of MNs occur- rence: carcinogenic hazards at a workplace; hereditary predisposition; tobacco smoking; alcohol abuse; female sex; living under exposure to chemical carcinogens in the environment. Women tended to have certain diseases that are conventionally considered possible risk factors (viral hepatitis B and C and pancreatic diabetes) 1.3 and 2.4 times more frequently than men. All the obtained data can be used for developing a targeted program aimed at malignant neoplasms prevention among urban population and they can also become a vital component in a system for managing risks of malignant neoplasms occur- rence on a given territory.

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Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the Donetsk People’s Republic: Results of an Ecological Study in 2014–2017

Oncopediatrics ◽

10.15690/onco.v5i3.1932 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 145-154

Author(s):

M. Yu. Rykov ◽

I. N. Inozemtsev ◽

S. A. Kolomenskaya

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Pediatric Patient ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Medical Service ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

High Tech ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Children With Cancer ◽

Patient Capacity

Background.Analysis of medical care delivery for children with cancer in armed conflict is highly important because the high-tech treatment in this context is extraordinary difficult and challenging task. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the morbidity and mortality rates in children with malignant tumors, to assess the pediatric patient capacity and medical service density in the Donetsk People’s Republic.Methods.The ecological study was conducted where the units of analysis were represented by the aggregated data of the Republican Cancer Registry on the number of primary and secondary patients with malignant and benign tumors, the deceased patients in the DNR in 2014–2017, pediatric patient capacity, and medical service density.Results.The number of pediatric patient capacity for children with cancer was 10 (0.27 per 10,000 children aged 0–17), pediatric patient capacity for children with hematological disorders — 40 (1.37 per 10,000 children aged 0–17). The treatment of children with cancer was performed by 5 healthcare providers: 1 pediatric oncologist (0.02 per 10,000 children aged 0–17), 3 hematologists (0.08 per 10,000 pediatric population aged 0–17), and 1 practitioner who did not have a specialist certificate in oncology. Morbidity rate for malignant neoplasms from 2014 to 2017 decreased by 25% (in 2014 — 9.6 per 10,000 children aged 0–17; in 2017 — 7.2). In the morbidity structure, the incidence proportion of hemoblastoses was 68.4%, brain tumors — 2.6%, other solid tumors — 29%. The death rate due to malignant neoplasms decreased by 37% (in 2014 — 2.7; in 2017 — 1.7).Conclusion.Low levels of the incidence rate and pattern of morbidity indicate defects in the identification and recording of patients. This explains the performance of the bed: low average bed occupancy per year and low turnover. For a reliable analysis of mortality statistical data is not available: in 2014–2015 only the number of in-hospital deceased patients is presented. Limited data is due to the lack of reliable patient catamnesis which is explained by the high rate of population migration.

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