ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY ONCOGENIC FACTORS TO THE RISK OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE URBAN POPULATION OF WORKING AGE

High morbidity and mortality caused by malignant neoplasms in various age groups among urban population remains a pressing issue that public healthcare has to solve in contemporary megacities. This research concentrated on assessing significance of oncogenic risk factors that could cause malignant neoplasms (MNs) occurrence among urban population aged 18–64 inclusively. 766 people living in an administrative and industrial center in Siberia took part in the research; MNs were diagnosed in 367 out of them (the test group). The research involved calculating individual carcinogenic risks. Oncogenic factors, both environmental and occupational ones, were examined for each patient; attention was also paid to peculiarities of medical and biological characteristics as well as tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Impacts exerted by the examined factors on risks of MNs occurrence were determined via odds ratios with estimated confidence intervals. First detected MNs frequency amounted to 638.9 ± 41.9 cases per 100 thousand people among women aged 18–64, and 532.6 ± 41.9 cases among men (p > 0.05). The following factors were determined as ones causing elevated risks of MNs occur- rence: carcinogenic hazards at a workplace; hereditary predisposition; tobacco smoking; alcohol abuse; female sex; living under exposure to chemical carcinogens in the environment. Women tended to have certain diseases that are conventionally considered possible risk factors (viral hepatitis B and C and pancreatic diabetes) 1.3 and 2.4 times more frequently than men. All the obtained data can be used for developing a targeted program aimed at malignant neoplasms prevention among urban population and they can also become a vital component in a system for managing risks of malignant neoplasms occur- rence on a given territory.

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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Ga-Rankuwa community

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v30i4.1120 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y.Q. Li ◽

S.C.D. Wright

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

Working Age

Cardiovascular disease is the most common and yet one of the most preventable causes of death in the world. Rapid urbanization in South Africa is accompanied by rapid changes in lifestyle and environmental exposure that increase the burden of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Risk factors, modifiable or nonmodifiable, exist that increases a person’s chances of developing cardiovascular disease. Though some knowledge is available about the prevalence of the risk factors in South Africa, no information is available regarding the community of Ga-Rankuwa. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease amongst the working-age people (18-40 years) in Ga-Rankuwa community. A quantitative survey was done and the sample was selected from zone 1,2,4, and 16 of Ga-Rankuwa from July 2005 to October 2005. The sampling method was census sampling (n=604). The data-gathering was self-report using a structured questionnaire as well as physical measurement. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that risk factors, specifically obesity, physical inactivity and hypertension, were very prevalent in Ga-Rankuwa community. Different distributions of risk factors exist in the various sex and age groups. This finding again emphasises the importance of not developing health interventions with a single focus, for example hypertension or obesity. The risk factors are interwoven and affect each other. It is important to initiate a comprehensive health project to lower the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the Ga-Rankuwa community.

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Common risk factors of Lung cancer, an observational study in a National Institute, Dhaka

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v8i1.55666 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

MM Bodiuzzaman ◽

Muhammad Zubaer Hussain ◽

SM Munawar Morshed ◽

Md Rafiqul Islam ◽

- Md Akhtaruzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Observational Study ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Age Groups ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Lung Carcinogenesis ◽

Common Risk Factors

Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm in most of the countries, and is leading cause of mortality worldwide. Till date tobacco consumption is the main etiological factor in lung carcinogenesis. Other factors such as genetic susceptibility, poor diet, occupational exposures and air pollution may act independently. Treatment of lung cancer is time consuming, costly and need special care during its management. Post treatment complications also more and sometimes it is more serious and becomes life threatening to the patients. The study was done to find out the most common risk factors of lung cancer, for this we can take necessary preventive measure from those risk factors to prevent health burden and mortality from lung cancer.This observational study was done in the department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, from January 2012 to May 2012. One hundred and six (106) patients, aged over 30 years, included all sexes, were diagnosed as a lung cancer by histopathology and came for chemotherapy, were selected randomly in this study after informed written consent. In this study we found males are predominantly affected (92.45%) by lung cancer and common age groups affected are between 51-60 years (39.62%). Among the occupation farmers are more affected (77.35%) and most of them were active smokers (64.15%). In our study we found that right side of lung is more affected (58.49%) than left side and adenocarcinoma was predominant (35.84%). Control of tobacco smoking is the most important preventive measure. This study may help us to identify the etiological aspect and future preventive efforts and research be needed to focus on tobacco smoking and non-cigarette tobacco smoking products, as well as better understanding of risk factors underlying lung carcinogenesis in never-smokers. CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 23-29

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ASSESSING RISKS CAUSED BY NICKEL-CONTAINING NANOMATERIALS: HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION IN VIVO

Health Risk Analysis ◽

10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.06.eng ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

G.I. Tikhonova ◽

◽

M.S. Bryleva ◽

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Small Population ◽

The Arctic ◽

High Tech ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Hazard Characterization

The paper dwells on examining mortality among men due to malignant neoplasms (MNs) in Russia and in Norilsk and Monchegorsk, two monotowns located in the Arctic zone with the only industry there being nickel production. Nickel is a well-known carcinogen. Given rather small population numbers in these two towns, the authors calculated mortality due to MNs that was aver- aged over 8 years (2010–2017) for 5-year age groups and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for employable and post- employable ages as per this nosology in general and specific MNs localizations as well. Mortality was comparatively analyzed in two male populations in the following pairs: Monchegorsk and Russia, Norilsk and Russia; the analysis was based on data on climatic peculiarities in the towns, working conditions at industrial enterprises, ecological situation, and socioeconomic features including an existing situation in public healthcare. Socioeconomic welfare and public healthcare quality were close to average Russian ones in Monchegorsk, but SMR for employable population was higher than on average in the country: due to MNs in general, by 34.7 %; nickel-specific MNs such as MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 2.2 times; MNs in the stomach, by 1.5 times. In Norilsk working conditions were similar to those in Monchegorsk but the environmental conditions were worse; still, mortality among employable population was lower: due to MNs in general, by 15.4 %; MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 14.0 %; due to MNs in the stomach, by 39.3 %. In comparison with Russia as a whole, mortality due to MNs was also lower at employable age but higher by 21.6 % at post-employable one. A decrease in MNs-related mortality and carcinogenic effects becoming apparent at older ages were achieved due to organizing up-to-date oncologic aid in Norilsk including high-tech diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation procedures as well as due to higher living standards in the town.

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Renal risk profiling in newly diagnosed hypertensives in an urban population in Nigeria

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v19i4.8 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 2863-2873 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aderoju Gbadegesin ◽

Oluyomi Okunola ◽

Olugbenga Ayodele ◽

Fatiu Arogundade ◽

Abubakre Sanusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Population ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Urban Setting ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Risk Profiling ◽

History Of ◽

Analgesic Use ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease globally. The other factors that work in concert with hypertension to cause CKD are yet to be clearly elucidated. Studies have identified proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and family history of CKD as renal risk factors. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with occurrence of CKD including the enormous financial burden involved in its management, the knowledge of prevention and understanding of the risk factors for development of CKD is highly essential. Therefore, Identifying well defined risk factors that display strong graded association with the occurrence and progression of CKD can help in elucidating potential targets for disease modification. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of renal risk factors and their impact on kidney function in newly diagnosed hypertensive Nigerians.Methods: This was a case control study of two hundred and fifty newly diagnosed hypertensive Nigerians recruited from two contiguous hospitals in an urban setting in south western Nigeria. Another group of two hundred and fifty apparently healthy age and sex matched normotensive Nigerians in the same community were recruited as controls.Results: Seventy (28%) of the newly diagnosed hypertensives had estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60ml/min, while 42.4% and 18.8% of the subjects and the controls had microalbuminuria respectively. The newly diagnosed hypertensives had significantly higher prevalence of analgesic use (86.4% versus 41.6%, p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (20.8% versus 12%, p = 0.008), use of canned salted food (18.8% versus 8.4%, p= 0.001) and central obesity (36.1% versus 26.8%, p= 0.025) compared to controls.Conclusion: There is a significant occurrence of modifiable renal risk factors in newly diagnosed hypertensives and this offers a platform for instituting preventive strategies in the community.Keywords: Renal risk, hypertensives, urban population, Nigeria.

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The age vector of risk factors for mortality of young Muscovites

City Healthcare ◽

10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2021.v2i2;15-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 15-25

Author(s):

Victoria G. Semyonova ◽

Alla E. Ivanova ◽

Tamara P. Sabgayda ◽

Galina N. Evdokushkina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health Priorities ◽

Working Age ◽

External Causes ◽

Population Mortality ◽

High Level

European-like life expectancy levels in Moscow are attributable to the prevalence of older population and the manifold increase in the working-age population mortality, especially among young people. The goal of the study is to identify the age-specific risk factors for Moscow youth mortality. This analysis is based on the official Russian Statistics Service’ data on mortality in the age groups of 15–24 and 25–34 years between 2000 and 2019. As demonstrated, during the study period, the Moscow youth mortality rates decreased twofold between both age groups. Starting from 2017, the mortality rate of Moscow youth began to increase, mainly among the 15–24-year-olds. The age vector of the youth mortality structure indicates a change in risk factors associated with age: while adolescents die from external causes, i.e. specific risks directly leading to death, later on youth mortality is more often associated with long-term behavioral factors indirectly resulting in death (such as sexual conduct as a risk factor for HIV/AIDS mortality, alcohol as the main cause for deaths from digestive system diseases and mental disorders, drugs as a risk factor for deaths from cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders). It is important to take note of the wide age range of the population classified as «young»: while it might be justified in legal and social context, in the demographic context it blurs the differences in mortality among people of different ages. Moreover, the abnormally high level and contribution of mortality from inaccurately described conditions, which the Moscow youth suffered from in the 2000s, calls into question the official rates of mortality due to underlying causes, primarily injuries, poisonings, and circulatory diseases. At the same time, given the increase in the young people’s overall mortality in the recent years, the extremely high mortality rates from inaccurately described conditions make it difficult to identify health priorities for the Moscow youth and, therefore, do not allow determining the reserves for their effective decline.

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Analysis of the level and structure of the incidence of the population of the KHMAO

Medical Science And Education Of Ural ◽

10.36361/1814-8999-2021-22-3-82-89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 82-89

Author(s):

T. V. Razumova ◽

◽

T. V. Zuyevskaya ◽

P. I. Pavlov ◽

E. V. Sadrieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Federal District ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Working Age ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Purpose of the study: assessment of the level and structure of the incidence of the population to determine the main categories of diseases most common in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, as well as making a territorial comparison of the incidence of the population. Materials and research methods: statistical materials from the annual collection “Health of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and the activities of medical organizations” and data of statistical reporting on the incidence of the population from the Medstat program were used, in particular, the primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in different age groups, the general incidence the population of different age groups of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The analysis used indicators such as primary morbidity, general morbidity, one-year mortality (died within the first year from the date of diagnosis) in malignant neoplasms. Results. The primary morbidity of the population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra tends to grow in all age groups. The indicators of primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 are 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation and 12.2% higher than in the Ural Federal District. In the structure of primary morbidity, the first place is taken by diseases of the respiratory system, the second place in the structure of the primary morbidity of people over working age is taken by diseases of the circulatory system, and the third place is by diseases of the genitourinary system. The overall incidence rate of the entire population is 1896 per 1000 population. In 2018, 41.2 cases of tuberculosis per 100 thousand of the population were detected for the first time in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (in the Ural Federal District – 61.6, in the Russian Federation – 44.4 per 100 thousand of the population). This pathology tends to decrease and compared with 2017 decreased by 10.2% (the Russian Federation decreased by 8.1%, the Ural Federal District – 2.1%). The number of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in 2018 decreased by 1.5% compared to 2017 and amounted to 82.3 per 100 thousand population, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (58.5), but lower. than in the Ural Federal District (108.2) per 100 thousand population. Since 2012, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms, but the detection rate of malignant neoplasms at stages III-IV has not changed since 2015 and is 39.5%, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (38.5%). Conclusion: the primary morbidity in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 is 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation. In the first place are diseases of the respiratory system (48.4%, of which in children – 66.4, and in persons of older working age – 22.2%). In second place in children is infectious pathology, and in people of working age – diseases of the genitourinary system. The second place in morbidity in older people of working age is diseases of the circulatory system. The district has a high level of infectious and parasitic diseases. The number of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. The number of patients with HIV infection is higher than in the Russian Federation, but lower than in the Ural Federal District. There is a tendency towards an increase in the number of malignant neoplasms. The number of neoplasms is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, there is a positive trend in the reduction of socially significant diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV infection, STIs, alcoholism, drug addiction, injuries and an increase in overall morbidity, including malignant neoplasms, which indicates the availability of medical care, health literacy of the population and carrying out appropriate preventive work.

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Clinical findings and risk factors associated with oral cancer: a prospective study

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yashna Gupta ◽

Parvinder Singh ◽

Neeru Bedi ◽

Pardeep Garg ◽

Raja Paramjit Singh Banipal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Tnm Classification ◽

Age Groups ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Medical College ◽

The People ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: Oral cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and therefore it represents a grave health problem worldwide. However there is scarcity of the studies in the literature regarding the prognostic factors amongst the subjects. The aim of the present study is to determine the various risk factors and the most commonly affected sites by the oral squamous cell carcinoma amongst subjects of different age groups. Methods: The present prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Radiotherapy at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital during a period of three months i.e. from April 2016 to June 2016. Patients were evaluated every week for a period of approximately 2 weeks. Examination of the oral cavity was done using probe and mouth mirror by trained personnel. TNM classification was used to classify tumour. Patient’s habits like alcohol and tobacco intake were also recorded. Complete demographic information was obtained from all the patients. All the data thus obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analysed using SPSS software. Results: The study included a total of 60 subjects. There were 11 females in the study and 49 males in the study. There were 18.3% (n=11) subjects having cancer of tongue. There were 23.3% (n=14) subjects having cancer of buccal mucosa. Alveolar ridge carcinoma was seen in 8.3% (n=5) subjects. There were 22 patients (30%) having stage III carcinoma. Majority of the subjects i.e. 70% (n= 38) were at stage IV A according to TNM classification. Conclusions: From the above study we can conclude that there is lack of awareness amongst the people about oral cancer. They mostly present during advanced stage of the disease. Most of the subjects are males, showing there predisposition towards harmful habits.

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PREVALENCE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN THE GENERAL WORKING AGE POPULATION

Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.17802/2306-1278-2018-7-4-6-14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 6-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. S. Kaveshnikov ◽

V. N. Serebryakova ◽

I. A. Trubacheva

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Urban Population ◽

Screening Program ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Working Age ◽

History Of

Aim. To determine the factors associated with the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the unorganized urban population of working age.Methods. Random sample drawn from adult urban population aged 25–64 years (n = 1600, 59%-women) was examined in the standardized cardiologic screening program. The following associative factors were analyzed: age, family status, level of education and income; excessive salt consumption (ESC), low physical activity, alcohol consumption; family history of AH; anxiety/depression (HADS); smoking, body mass index (BMI), heart rate (HR). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships. A p value of <5% was considered statistically signifcant.Results. After adjustment for age, the odds for AH were higher in men (OR = 1,57, p<0,001) with the maximum gender effect found in 35–44 years (OR = 3,66, p<0,001). In the singlefactor analysis, age, BMI, family history of AH, HR and ESC were the most signifcant risk factors for AH in men. Secondary education and clinical anxiety in addition with the above-mentioned ones increased odds for AH in women. In the multivariable model, age, BMI, family history of AH and HR were associated with high AH prevalence in men. In women, these factors included age, BMI, family history of AH, HR, ESC, middle education and clinical anxiety. Out of the other modifable risk factors, BMI contributed greatly to the variability in AH prevalence in the examined population.Conclusion. The obtained fndings provides novel data on the comparative signifcance of the studied risk factors. The efforts to prevent excessive weight gain and dietary salt consumption seem promising to reduce AH prevalence in the population. Further studies focusing on the role of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors for AH development will ensure the establishment of more effective, accurate and personalized prevention approaches in the future.

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К анализу факторов риска смертности от злокачественных новообразований мужского населения промышленных моногородов

Health Risk Analysis ◽

10.21668/health.risk/2021.3.06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

G.I. Tikhonova ◽

◽

M.S. Bryleva ◽

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Small Population ◽

The Arctic ◽

High Tech ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Carcinogenic Effects ◽

Standardized Mortality Ratios

The paper dwells on examining mortality among men due to malignant neoplasms (MNs) in Russia and in Norilsk and Monchegorsk, two monotowns located in the Arctic zone with the only industry there being nickel production. Nickel is a well-known carcinogen. Given rather small population numbers in these two towns, the authors calculated mortality due to MNs that was aver- aged over 8 years (2010–2017) for 5-year age groups and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for employable and post- employable ages as per this nosology in general and specific MNs localizations as well. Mortality was comparatively analyzed in two male populations in the following pairs: Monchegorsk and Russia, Norilsk and Russia; the analysis was based on data on climatic peculiarities in the towns, working conditions at industrial enterprises, ecological situation, and socioeconomic features including an existing situation in public healthcare. Socioeconomic welfare and public healthcare quality were close to average Russian ones in Monchegorsk, but SMR for employable population was higher than on average in the country: due to MNs in general, by 34.7 %; nickel-specific MNs such as MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 2.2 times; MNs in the stomach, by 1.5 times. In Norilsk working conditions were similar to those in Monchegorsk but the environmental conditions were worse; still, mortality among employable population was lower: due to MNs in general, by 15.4 %; MNs of the lip, mouth, and throat, by 14.0 %; due to MNs in the stomach, by 39.3 %. In comparison with Russia as a whole, mortality due to MNs was also lower at employable age but higher by 21.6 % at post-employable one. A decrease in MNs-related mortality and carcinogenic effects becoming apparent at older ages were achieved due to organizing up-to-date oncologic aid in Norilsk including high-tech diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation procedures as well as due to higher living standards in the town.

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