STEAM CONDENSING FILM COEFFICIENTS ON A VERTICAL, DEFINED, COPPER TUBE AFTER OLEIC ACID FLUSHING

We report on the oxidation of a magnetic fluid. The oxidation results in magnetic super lattice crystals. The “atoms” are hematite (α-Fe2O3) particles with a diameter ø = 6.9 nm and they are covered with a 1-2 nm thick layer of surfactant molecules.Magnetic fluids are homogeneous suspensions of small magnetic particles in a carrier liquid. To prevent agglomeration, the particles are coated with surfactant molecules. The magnetic fluid studied in this work was produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 in Declin (carrier liquid) in the presence of oleic acid (surfactant). The magnetic particles consist of an amorphous iron-carbon alloy. For TEM investigation a droplet of the fluid was added to benzine and a carbon film on a copper net was immersed. When exposed to air the sample starts burning. The oxidation and electron irradiation transform the magnetic particles into hematite (α-Fe2O3) particles with a median diameter ø = 6.9 nm.

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Intestinal Absorption of Iodine131-Labeled Triolein and Oleic Acid in Normal Subjects and in Steatorrhea

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(58)80034-7 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ervin Kaplan ◽

Bernard D. Edidin ◽

Robert C. Fruin ◽

Lyle A. Baker

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Normal Subjects

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Oleic acid

NURSA Molecules ◽

10.1621/6ab7ewj53l ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

LB Becnel ◽

YF Darlington ◽

S Orechsner ◽

J Easton-Marks ◽

CA Watkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid

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Reusability Study of Sulfated Zirconia Functionalized SBA-15 Catalyst for Biolubricant Oil Production from Oleic Acid

Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research ◽

10.23960/jesr.v1i1.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

F R Rangganita ◽

L Hermida ◽

A Angraeni ◽

D Khoirunnisa

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Sulfated Zirconia ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Oil Production ◽

Catalyst Reusability

Sulfated zirconia functionalized SBA-15 catalsyt (SZr-SBA-15) was prepared byreacting SBA-15 with Zirkoniumoxychloride and urea at 90oC to form ZrO2-SBA-15. Then, ZrO2-SBA-15 was reacted with H2SO4 at room temperature to produceSZr-SBA-15 catalsyt.. The catalyst was characterized in terms of adsorptiondesorption nitrogen analysis, SEM-EDX and FTIR. Based on SEM-EDX andadsorption-desorption nitrogen analysis results, it was found that Zr had beenincorporated in SBA-15. By using the SZr-SBA-15 catalyst, esterification reactionof oleic acid with TMP to produce biolubricant oil of Trimethylolpropanetrioleatachieved 85% oleic acid conversion and selectivity of 63,7%. Reusability study ofSZr-SBA-15 catalyst was carried out for 3 rounds of reaction. It was found that thecatalyst could be used up to 3 rounds without significant decrease in activityKeywords: biolubricant oil, catalyst reusability, sba-15, sulfated zirconia.

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PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT

Sains & Teknologi ◽

10.24123/jst.v1i3.2238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Puguh Setyopratomo ◽

Edy Purwanto ◽

H. Yefrico ◽

H. Yefrico

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Acid Number ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Number Density ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Reaction Conversion ◽

Glycerol Mono

The synthesis of glycerol mono oleic from oleic acid and glycerol is classified as an esterification reaction. This research is aimed to study the influent of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction conversion. During the experiment the temperature of reaction mixture was varied as 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC, while the catalyst concentration of 1%, 3 %, and 5% was used. The batch experiment was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with termometer, agitator, and reflux condensor. The oleic acid – glycerol mol ratio of 1 : 2 was used as a mixture feed. To maintain the reaction temperature at certain level, the oil bath was used. After the temperature of reaction mixture was reached the expected value, then H2SO4 catalyst was added to the reactor. To measure the extent of the reaction, every 30 minutes the sample was drawn out from the reactor vessel. The sample analysis include acid number, density, and viscosity measurement. From this research the optimum condition which is the temperature of reaction of 150 oC and 1% catalyst concentration was obtained. At this optimum condition the convertion reach 86% and the analysis of other physical properties of the product show the acid number of 24.12, the density of 0.922 g/cc, and the viscosity of 118.4 cp.

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optimizing composition of sodium lignosulfonate and oleic acid to reach ift 10-3 mixed surfactant on eor operation

10.29118/ipa.47.15.se.104 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal Afif

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Mixed Surfactant ◽

Sodium Lignosulfonate

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Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.31185/ejuow.vol6.iss3.99 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Kamil Abdul Hussien

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Heat Exchanger ◽

Cold Water ◽

Finned Tube ◽

Hot Water ◽

Copper Tube ◽

Smooth Tube ◽

Tube Heat Exchanger ◽

Mass Flow Rates ◽

Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

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