Gold - Old Drug with New Potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavino Faa ◽  
Clara Gerosa ◽  
Daniela Fanni ◽  
Joanna I. Lachowicz ◽  
Valeria M. Nurchi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Gold Compounds ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Cellular Components

Background: Research into gold-based drugs for a range of human diseases has seen a revival in recent years. This article reviews the most important applications of gold products in different fields of human pathology. Au(I) and Au(III) compounds have been re-introduced in clinical practice for targeting the cellular components involved in the onset and progression of viral and parasitic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Results: After some brief historical notes, this article takes into account the applications of gold compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and also in tuberculosis and in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. The use of gold containing drugs in the cure of cancer are then considered, with special emphasis to the use of nanoparticles and to the photo-thermal cancer therapy. The use of colloidal gold in diagnostics, introduced in the last decade is widely discussed. As a last point a survey on the adverse effects and on the toxicity of the various gold derivatives in use in medicine is presented. Conclusion: In this review, we described the surprisingly broad spectrum of possible uses of gold in diagnostics and in therapeutic approaches to multiple human diseases, ranging from degenerative to infectious diseases, and to cancer. In particular, gold nanoparticles appear as attractive elements in modern clinical medicine, combining high therapeutic properties, high selectivity in targeting cancer cells and low toxicity.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles: A New Golden Era in Oncology?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Gerosa ◽  
Guido Crisponi ◽  
Valeria Marina Nurchi ◽  
Luca Saba ◽  
Rosita Cappai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Toxicity

In recent years, the spectrum of possible applications of gold in diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in clinical practice has changed significantly, becoming surprisingly broad. Nowadays, gold-based therapeutic agents are used in the therapy of multiple human diseases, ranging from degenerative to infectious diseases and, in particular, to cancer. At the basis of these performances of gold, there is the development of new gold-based nanoparticles, characterized by a promising risk/benefit ratio that favors their introduction in clinical trials. Gold nanoparticles appear as attractive elements in nanomedicine, a branch of modern clinical medicine, which combines high selectivity in targeting tumor cells and low toxicity. Thanks to these peculiar characteristics, gold nanoparticles appear as the starting point for the development of new gold-based therapeutic strategies in oncology. Here, the new gold-based therapeutic agents developed in recent years are described, with particular emphasis on the possible applications in clinical practice as anticancer agents, with the aim that their application will give rise to a new golden age in oncology and a breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

scholarly journals Update on Therapeutic Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 2190-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia Nogueira ◽  
Andreia Gomes ◽  
Ana Preto ◽  
Artur Cavaco-Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals Autophagy Function and Regulation in Kidney Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gur P. Kaushal ◽  
Kiran Chandrashekar ◽  
Luis A. Juncos ◽  
Sudhir V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regulated Necrosis ◽  
Atg Genes ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Impact

Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal autophagy in the kidney acts as a quality control system and is vital for cellular metabolic and organelle homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, autophagy facilitates cellular adaptation; however, activation of autophagy in response to renal injury may be insufficient to provide protection, especially under dysregulated conditions. Kidney-specific deletion of Atg genes in mice has consistently demonstrated worsened acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes supporting the notion of a pro-survival role of autophagy. Recent studies have also begun to unfold the role of autophagy in progressive renal disease and subsequent fibrosis. Autophagy also influences tubular cell death in renal injury. In this review, we reported the current understanding of autophagy regulation and its role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. In particular, the classic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway and other mTOR-independent alternative signaling pathways of autophagy regulation were described. Finally, we summarized the impact of autophagy activation on different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, associated with the pathophysiology of renal injury. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy would identify important targets for therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Potential of Exosomes for the Treatment of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Bin Hong ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Anatol Manaenko ◽  
Jianfei Lu ◽  
Qiyong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Neurovascular Remodeling ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Delivery Approach

Stroke is the result of blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain and is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Currently only a very limited number of therapeutic approaches are available for treatment of stroke patients, and the vast majority of neuroprotective agents that tested positively in pre-clinical studies failed in clinical trials. In recent years, the clinical value of the use of exosomes for stroke treatment has received widespread attention due their unique characteristics such as low immunogenicity, low toxicity and biodegradability, ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and their important role in communication between cells. More and more evidence suggests that the secretion of exosomes is the mechanism underlying the protection induced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) after stroke. Exosomes are thought to support brain restoration and induce repairing effects, including neurovascular remodeling, and anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent reports have focused on the clinical application of exosomes as a potential drug delivery approach. This review focuses on the ability of exosomes to interrupt the stroke-induced pathologic processes of stroke, and on publications describing how to achieve more effective treatment of stroke with exosomes.

Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches

Life Sciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 117734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Karami ◽  
Maryam Masoumi ◽  
Hossein Khorramdelazad ◽  
Hamidreza Bashiri ◽  
Parisa Darvishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Role of glucose metabolism in aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 107064
Author(s):  
Maryam Masoumi ◽  
Mohsen Mehrabzadeh ◽  
Salman Mahmoudzehi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Mousavi ◽  
Sirous Jamalzehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Aggressive Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes

Advancement in contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
R. Karthik ◽  
N. Gayathri ◽  
T. Sivasudha
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Strategies for Developing Therapeutic Application of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu P. Raikwar ◽  
Thomas Mueller ◽  
Nicholas Zavazava
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Ethical Concerns

The ongoing debate on human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is fuelled by ethical concerns but also by the legitimate hope that hESC could one day be used for the cure of presently untreatable human diseases. Here we discuss current approaches to and constraints upon hESC differentiation and describe their potential application in clinical medicine.

Panhypogammaglobulinaemia Caused by Gold Therapy

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Pearson ◽  
I.C. Stewart ◽  
R.J. Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Gold Therapy ◽  
Gold Compounds ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels

Gold compounds have been successfully used for over 50 years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but their mechanism of action is unknown. The main disadvantage is the frequent occurrence of side effects which often necessitate discontinuation of therapy.1 Recently, there have been reports of reduction in immunoglobulin levels in patients on gold treatment; we report a further case of hypoglobulinaemia associated with gold therapy and recommend that immunoglobulins be monitored prior to and during treatment.

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