scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles: A New Golden Era in Oncology?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Gerosa ◽  
Guido Crisponi ◽  
Valeria Marina Nurchi ◽  
Luca Saba ◽  
Rosita Cappai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Toxicity

In recent years, the spectrum of possible applications of gold in diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in clinical practice has changed significantly, becoming surprisingly broad. Nowadays, gold-based therapeutic agents are used in the therapy of multiple human diseases, ranging from degenerative to infectious diseases and, in particular, to cancer. At the basis of these performances of gold, there is the development of new gold-based nanoparticles, characterized by a promising risk/benefit ratio that favors their introduction in clinical trials. Gold nanoparticles appear as attractive elements in nanomedicine, a branch of modern clinical medicine, which combines high selectivity in targeting tumor cells and low toxicity. Thanks to these peculiar characteristics, gold nanoparticles appear as the starting point for the development of new gold-based therapeutic strategies in oncology. Here, the new gold-based therapeutic agents developed in recent years are described, with particular emphasis on the possible applications in clinical practice as anticancer agents, with the aim that their application will give rise to a new golden age in oncology and a breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

Gold - Old Drug with New Potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavino Faa ◽  
Clara Gerosa ◽  
Daniela Fanni ◽  
Joanna I. Lachowicz ◽  
Valeria M. Nurchi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Gold Compounds ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Cellular Components

Background: Research into gold-based drugs for a range of human diseases has seen a revival in recent years. This article reviews the most important applications of gold products in different fields of human pathology. Au(I) and Au(III) compounds have been re-introduced in clinical practice for targeting the cellular components involved in the onset and progression of viral and parasitic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Results: After some brief historical notes, this article takes into account the applications of gold compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and also in tuberculosis and in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. The use of gold containing drugs in the cure of cancer are then considered, with special emphasis to the use of nanoparticles and to the photo-thermal cancer therapy. The use of colloidal gold in diagnostics, introduced in the last decade is widely discussed. As a last point a survey on the adverse effects and on the toxicity of the various gold derivatives in use in medicine is presented. Conclusion: In this review, we described the surprisingly broad spectrum of possible uses of gold in diagnostics and in therapeutic approaches to multiple human diseases, ranging from degenerative to infectious diseases, and to cancer. In particular, gold nanoparticles appear as attractive elements in modern clinical medicine, combining high therapeutic properties, high selectivity in targeting cancer cells and low toxicity.

scholarly journals Use of Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostics, Surgery and Medicine: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Giasuddin ◽  
KA Jhuma ◽  
AM Mujibul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Low Toxicity

Noble metals and their compounds have a long and distinguished history as therapeutic agents in medicine. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in the design and study of nanomaterials geared towards biological and biomedical applications. Particularly gold nanoparticles have attracted intensive interest, because they are easily prepared, have low toxicity and can be readily attached to molecules of biological interest. The gold nanoparticles have become more precious than pretty gold because of their wide use and applications. The present article gave a critical review of the wide applications and uses of gold nanoparticles in diagnostics, surgery and medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i2.13346 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(2): 56-60

Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Delivery Systems and Theranostic Agents in Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 6493-6513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mioc ◽  
Marius Mioc ◽  
Roxana Ghiulai ◽  
Mirela Voicu ◽  
Roxana Racoviceanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Targeted Delivery Systems

Cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide, while most chemotherapies induce nonselective toxicity and severe systemic side effects. To address these problems, targeted nanoscience is an emerging field that promises to benefit cancer patients. Gold nanoparticles are nowadays in the spotlight due to their many well-established advantages. Gold nanoparticles are easily synthesizable in various shapes and sizes by a continuously developing set of means, including chemical, physical or eco-friendly biological methods. This review presents gold nanoparticles as versatile therapeutic agents playing many roles, such as targeted delivery systems (anticancer agents, nucleic acids, biological proteins, vaccines), theranostics and agents in photothermal therapy. They have also been outlined to bring great contributions in the bioimaging field such as radiotherapy, magnetic resonance angiography and photoacoustic imaging. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticles are therapeutic agents demonstrating its in vitro anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on various cell lines, such as human cervix, human breast, human lung, human prostate and murine melanoma cancer cells. In vivo studies have pointed out data regarding the bioaccumulation and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles, but it has been emphasized that size, dose, surface charge, sex and especially administration routes are very important variables.

Overview of Current Approaches to Aural Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187
Author(s):  
Rachel Glade ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
Deborah S. Culbertson ◽  
Christin Ray
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Aural Rehabilitation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Hearing Health

Purpose This clinical focus article provides an overview of clinical models currently being used for the provision of comprehensive aural rehabilitation (AR) for adults with cochlear implants (CIs) in the Unites States. Method Clinical AR models utilized by hearing health care providers from nine clinics across the United States were discussed with regard to interprofessional AR practice patterns in the adult CI population. The clinical models were presented in the context of existing knowledge and gaps in the literature. Future directions were proposed for optimizing the provision of AR for the adult CI patient population. Findings/Conclusions There is a general agreement that AR is an integral part of hearing health care for adults with CIs. While the provision of AR is feasible in different clinical practice settings, service delivery models are variable across hearing health care professionals and settings. AR may include interprofessional collaboration among surgeons, audiologists, and speech-language pathologists with varying roles based on the characteristics of a particular setting. Despite various existing barriers, the clinical practice patterns identified here provide a starting point toward a more standard approach to comprehensive AR for adults with CIs.

Anticancer Activity of Natural Flavonoids: Inhibition of HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (26) ◽  
pp. 2945-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangping Deng ◽  
Yijiao Peng ◽  
Jingduo Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyong Lei ◽  
Xing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Tumor Blood Vessels

Rapid tumor growth is dependent on the capability of tumor blood vessels and glycolysis to provide oxygen and nutrients. Tumor hypoxia is a common characteristic of many solid tumors, and it essentially happens when the growth of the tumor exceeds the concomitant angiogenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) as the critical transcription factor in hypoxia regulation is activated to adapt to this hypoxia situation. Flavonoids, widely distributed in plants, comprise many polyphenolic secondary metabolites, possessing broadspectrum pharmacological activities, including their potentiality as anticancer agents. Due to their low toxicity, intense efforts have been made for investigating natural flavonoids and their derivatives that can be used as HIF-1α inhibitors for cancer therapy during the past few decades. In this review, we sum up the findings concerning the inhibition of HIF-1α by natural flavonoids in the last few years and propose the idea of designing tumor vascular and glycolytic multi-target inhibitors with HIF-1α as one of the targets.

Coumarin Hybrids: Promising Scaffolds in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 1443-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhatia ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Diverse Mode

: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of deaths in women, after lung cancer. There is continuous advancement in the development of therapeutic agents against breast cancer in recent years and it is still in progress. Development of hybrid molecules by combining different pharmacophores to obtain significant biological activity is an excellent approach. Coupling of coumarin scaffold with other distinct motifs has led to the design of newer compounds against breast cancer. These distinct pharmacophores possess a diverse mode of action as well as selectivity. It has been reported in the literature that coumarin hybrids possess significant potency against breast cancer by binding to various biological targets which are associated with breast cancer. Due to low toxicity profile on various organ systems, coumarin hybrids have nowadays attracted the keen attention of researchers to explore their therapeutic ability against breast cancer. Reported coumarin hybrids include coupling with isoxazole, thiazole, monastrol, chalcone, triazole, sulphonamide, triphenylethylene, benzimidazole, pyran, imidazole, stilbene, oestrogen, phenylsulphonylfuroxan, etc. In the present review, a description of various coumarin hybrid molecules has been presented along with their structural-activity relationships.

Natural Compounds and Drug Discovery: Can Cnidarian Venom Play a Role?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Gian Luigi Mariottini ◽  
Irwin Darren Grice
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Biological Compounds

Natural compounds extracted from organisms and microorganisms are an important resource for the development of drugs and bioactive molecules. Many such compounds have made valuable contributions in diverse fields such as human health, pharmaceutics and industrial applications. Presently, however, research on investigating natural compounds from marine organisms is scarce. This is somewhat surprising considering that the marine environment makes a major contribution to Earth's ecosystems and consequently possesses a vast storehouse of diverse marine species. Interestingly, of the marine bioactive natural compounds identified to date, many are venoms, coming from Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals). Cnidarians are therefore particularly interesting marine species, producing important biological compounds that warrant further investigation for their development as possible therapeutic agents. From an experimental aspect, this review aims to emphasize and update the current scientific knowledge reported on selected biological activity (antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, anticoagulant, along with several less studied effects) of Cnidarian venoms/extracts, highlighting potential aspects for ongoing research towards their utilization in human therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Varied-shaped gold nanoparticles with nanogram killing efficiency as potential antimicrobial surface coatings for the medical devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Łukasz Suprewicz ◽  
Joanna Depciuch ◽  
Sylwia Chmielewska ◽  
Karol Skłodowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Spherical Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Bactericidal Efficiency

AbstractMedical device-associated infections are a serious medical threat, particularly for patients with impaired mobility and/or advanced age. Despite a variety of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices being explored to date, only a limited number have been introduced for clinical use. Research into new bactericidal agents with the ability to eradicate pathogens, limit biofilm formation, and exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility, is therefore necessary and urgent. In this study, a series of varied-morphology gold nanoparticles in shapes of rods, peanuts, stars and spherical-like, porous ones with potent antibacterial activity were synthesized and thoroughly tested against spectrum of Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains, as well as spectrum of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. The optimization of gold nanoparticles synthesis allowed to develop nanomaterials, which are proved to be significantly more potent against tested microbes compared with the gold nanoformulations reported to date. Notably, their antimicrobial spectrum includes strains with different drug resistance mechanisms. Facile and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles, remarkable bactericidal efficiency at nanogram doses, and low toxicity, underline their potential for development as a new coatings, as indicated by the example of urological catheters. The presented research fills a gap in microbial studies of non-spherical gold nanoparticles for the development of antimicrobial coatings targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens responsible for device-associated nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Naphthalimide-Containing BP100 Leads to Higher Model Membranes Interactions and Antimicrobial Activity

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Gustavo Penteado Battesini Carretero ◽  
Greice Kelle Viegas Saraiva ◽  
Magali Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Sumika Kiyota ◽  
Marcelo Porto Bemquerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Property A ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Low Toxicity

In a large variety of organisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are primary defenses against pathogens. BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL-NH2), a short, synthetic, cationic AMP, is active against bacteria and displays low toxicity towards eukaryotic cells. BP100 acquires a α-helical conformation upon interaction with membranes and increases membrane permeability. Despite the volume of information available, the action mechanism of BP100, the selectivity of its biological effects, and possible applications are far from consensual. Our group synthesized a fluorescent BP100 analogue containing naphthalimide linked to its N-terminal end, NAPHT-BP100 (Naphthalimide-AAKKLFKKILKYL-NH2). The fluorescence properties of naphthalimides, especially their spectral sensitivity to microenvironment changes, are well established, and their biological activities against transformed cells and bacteria are known. Naphthalimide derived compounds are known to interact with DNA disturbing related processes as replication and transcription, and used as anticancer agents due to this property. A wide variety of techniques were used to demonstrate that NAPHT-BP100 bound to and permeabilized zwitterionic POPC and negatively charged POPC:POPG liposomes and, upon interaction, acquired a α-helical structure. Membrane surface high peptide/lipid ratios triggered complete permeabilization of the liposomes in a detergent-like manner. Membrane disruption was driven by charge neutralization, lipid aggregation, and bilayer destabilization. NAPHT-BP100 also interacted with double-stranded DNA, indicating that this peptide could also affect other cellular processes besides causing membrane destabilization. NAPHT-BP100 showed increased antibacterial and hemolytic activities, compared to BP100, and may constitute an efficient antimicrobial agent for dermatological use. By conjugating BP100 and naphthalimide DNA binding properties, NAPHT-BP100 bound to a large extent to the bacterial membrane and could more efficiently destabilize it. We also speculate that peptide could enter the bacteria cell and interact with its DNA in the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Identification of 3,4-Dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine Derivatives as Novel Selective Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7236
Author(s):  
Endah Dwi Hartuti ◽  
Takaya Sakura ◽  
Mohammed S. O. Tagod ◽  
Eri Yoshida ◽  
Xinying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
New Class ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Fourth Step

Plasmodium falciparum’s resistance to available antimalarial drugs highlights the need for the development of novel drugs. Pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis is a validated drug target for the prevention and treatment of malaria infection. P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and utilize ubiquinone as an electron acceptor in the fourth step of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis. PfDHODH is targeted by the inhibitor DSM265, which binds to a hydrophobic pocket located at the N-terminus where ubiquinone binds, which is known to be structurally divergent from the mammalian orthologue. In this study, we screened 40,400 compounds from the Kyoto University chemical library against recombinant PfDHODH. These studies led to the identification of 3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine and its derivatives as a new class of PfDHODH inhibitor. Moreover, the hit compounds identified in this study are selective for PfDHODH without inhibition of the human enzymes. Finally, this new scaffold of PfDHODH inhibitors showed growth inhibition activity against P. falciparum 3D7 with low toxicity to three human cell lines, providing a new starting point for antimalarial drug development.

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