Recent Applications of Silver Amalgam Electrodes for Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Vitamins

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (33) ◽  
pp. 4138-4151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Smarzewska ◽  
Radovan Metelka ◽  
Bogusław Baś ◽  
Karel Vytřas
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Silver Amalgam ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Mercury Electrodes ◽  
Vitamin Analysis

The features and applications of silver amalgam electrodes in electroanalysis of pharmaceuticals and vitamins are summarized in this review. The state-of-the-art in the preparation and construction of solid silver amalgam electrodes for prolonged and userfriendly use is presented. Although not as widely spread as other electrode materials, silver amalgam possesses a unique and viable combination of favorable electrochemical properties, which are close to ideal mercury electrodes, non-toxic character, high durability and mechanical stability, if properly prepared. Its capability of conducting the redox processes at highly negative potentials is essential for the analysis of large number of bioactive organic compounds. The review features also overview information for each application in drug or vitamin analysis divided to the sections according to the construction variants of silver amalgam electrodes.

scholarly journals Ultrastretchable carbon nanotube composite electrodes for flexible lithium-ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 19972-19978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yufeng Luo ◽  
Hengcai Wu ◽  
Kaili Jiang ◽  
Qunqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite ◽  
Nanotube Films

Ultra-stretchable lithium-ion battery electrodes were fabricated by coating carbon nanotube films and electrode materials on a biaxially pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane substrate and forming wrinkled structures. The composite electrodes demonstrated ultra-stretchability, high durability, and excellent electrochemical properties.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

Morphological and Electrochemical Properties of the Lactose-derived Carbon Electrode Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 03017-1-03017-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Myronyuk ◽  
◽  
V. I. Mandzyuk ◽  
V. M. Sachko ◽  
R. P. Lisovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Electrode

Developments in Rechargeable Mno2Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Made In

AbstractConsiderable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

Iron Phosphate/Bacteria Composites as Precursors for Textured Electrode Materials with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 (10) ◽  
pp. A2139-A2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mirvaux ◽  
N. Recham ◽  
J. Miot ◽  
M. Courty ◽  
S. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Iron Phosphate

State-of-the-Art in the Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Building Products: Results of European Interlaboratory Comparison

Indoor Air ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bortoli ◽  
Stylianos Kephalopoulos ◽  
Severine Kirchner ◽  
Herbert Schauenburg ◽  
Henk Vissers
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Reversible Energy Storage in Layered Copper-Based Coordination Polymers: Unveiling the Influence of the Ligand's Functional Group on Their Electrochemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Amores ◽  
Keisuke Wada ◽  
Ken Sakaushi ◽  
Hiroshi Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Open Structures ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Multielectron Transfer ◽  
Structure Properties

Coordination polymers represent a suitable model to study redox mechanisms in materials where both metal cation and ligand undergo electrochemical reactions and are capable to proceed through reversible multielectron-transfer processes with insertion of cation and anion into their open structures. Designing new coordination polymers for electrochemical energy storage with improved performance relays also on the understanding of their structure-properties relationship. Here, we present a family of copper-based coordination polymer with hexafunctionalized benzene ligands forming a kagome-type layered structure, where the in uence of the functional groups in their structure and electrochemical properties is investigated. Their chemical and structural properties have been explored by means of PXRD, and FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, followed by investigation of their electrochemical performance in Li half-cells by CV and galvanostatic cycling techniques. Ex-situ PXRD, Raman, XPS and ToF-SIMS measurements of cycled electrodes have been carried out providing insights into the redox mechanism of these copper-based coordination polymers as positive electrode materials.<br>

scholarly journals How simple are the models of Na intercalation in aqueous media?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongsik Yun ◽  
Jonas Pfisterer ◽  
Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Battery Electrode

This work reveals a three-stage mechanism of Na intercalation into one of the state-of-the-art battery electrode materials operating in aqueous electrolytes.

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