Developments in Rechargeable Mno2Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Made In

AbstractConsiderable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

scholarly journals Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauger ◽  
Julien ◽  
Paolella ◽  
Armand ◽  
Zaghib
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Made In

Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to solid electrolytes stricto sensu, there are other electrolytes that are mainly solids, but with some added liquid. In some cases, the amount of liquid added is only on the microliter scale; the addition of liquid is aimed at only improving the contact between a solid-state electrolyte and an electrode, for instance. In some other cases, the amount of liquid is larger, as in the case of gel polymers. It is also an acceptable solution if the amount of liquid is small enough to maintain the safety of the cell; such cases are also considered in this review. Different chemistries are examined, including not only Li-air, Li–O2, and Li–S, but also sodium-ion batteries, which are also subject to intensive research. The challenges toward commercialization are also considered.

Safer electrolyte components for rechargeable batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Appetecchi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Battery Technology

AbstractAmong the electrochemical energy storage systems, rechargeable lithium batteries are considered very promising candidates for the next generation power sources because of their high gravimetric and volumetric energy density with respect to other cell chemistries. The lithium-ion battery technology is based on the use of electrode materials able to reversibly intercalate lithium cations, which are continuously transferred between two host structures (negative and positive electrodes) during the charge and discharge processes. Commercial lithium-ion batteries commonly use liquid electrolytes based on suitable lithium salts (solute) and organic compounds (solvents). The latter, volatile and flammable, represent serious concerns for the safety of the electrochemical devices, this so far preventing their large diffusion in applications as automotive, storage from renewable sources, smart grids.One of the most appealing approaches is the partial or total replacement of the organic solvents with safer, less hazardous, electrolyte components. Here, a concise survey of ones of the most investigated types of alternative electrolyte components, proposed for safer and more reliable rechargeable lithium batteries, is reported.Graphical Abstract:

scholarly journals A Short Review of Lithium-ion Battery Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Imran Hussain Sardar ◽  
Souren Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Battery Technology

Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency and long life. These unique properties have made lithium batteries the power sources of choice for the consumer electronics market with a production of the order of billions of units per year. These batteries are also expected to find a prominent role as ideal electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants, as well as power systems for sustainable vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles. However, scaling up the lithium battery technology for these applications is still problematic since issues such as safety, costs, wide operational temperature and materials availability, are still to be resolved. This review focuses first on the present status of lithium battery technology, then on its near future development and finally it examines important new directions aimed at achieving quantum jumps in energy and power content.

Optimal Passive Damper Positioning Techniques

2013 ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun M. Puthanpurayil ◽  
Rajesh P Dhakal ◽  
Athol J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Optimal Distribution ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Passive Damper ◽  
Damping Model ◽  
Made In

A consolidated review of the current-state-of-the-art on optimal damper positioning techniques is presented in this chapter. The inherent assumptions made in previous research are discussed and substantiated with numerical studies. Earlier studies have shown that optimal distribution of dampers is sensitive to in-structure damping. In this chapter the significance of optimal distribution of dampers coupled with the necessity for the use of a more realistic in-structure damping model is qualitatively illustrated using a comparative sensitivity study. The effect of inherent assumption of linearity of the parent frame on the ‘optimality’ is also investigated. It is shown that linearity assumption imposed on the parent frame in a major seismic event may not be justified; thereby raising doubts on the scope of optimality techniques proposed in literature.

scholarly journals Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 772-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Jones ◽  
C. P. Scheller ◽  
J. R. Prance ◽  
Y. B. Kalyoncu ◽  
D. M. Zumbühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Nanoelectronic Devices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Nanoscale Physics ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

AbstractHere we review recent progress in cooling micro-/nanoelectronic devices significantly below 10 mK. A number of groups worldwide are working to produce sub-millikelvin on-chip electron temperatures, motivated by the possibility of observing new physical effects and improving the performance of quantum technologies, sensors and metrological standards. The challenge is a longstanding one, with the lowest reported on-chip electron temperature having remained around 4 mK for more than 15 years. This is despite the fact that microkelvin temperatures have been accessible in bulk materials since the mid-twentieth century. In this review, we describe progress made in the last 5 years using new cooling techniques. Developments have been driven by improvements in the understanding of nanoscale physics, material properties and heat flow in electronic devices at ultralow temperatures and have involved collaboration between universities and institutes, physicists and engineers. We hope that this review will serve as a summary of the current state of the art and provide a roadmap for future developments. We focus on techniques that have shown, in experiment, the potential to reach sub-millikelvin electron temperatures. In particular, we focus on on-chip demagnetisation refrigeration. Multiple groups have used this technique to reach temperatures around 1 mK, with a current lowest temperature below 0.5 mK.

scholarly journals Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Academic interest in the concept of insight in psychosis has increased markedly over the past 30 years, prompting this selective appraisal of the current state of the art. Considerable progress has been made in terms of measurement and confirming a number of clinical associations. More recently, the relationship between insight and involuntary treatment has been scrutinised more closely alongside the link between decision-making capacity and insight. Advances in the clinical and cognitive neurosciences have influenced conceptual development, particularly the field of ‘metacognition’. New therapies, including those that are psychologically and neurophysiologically based, are being tested as ways to enhance insight.

Synthesis and applications of CdSe nano-tetrapods in hybrid photovoltaic devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 2549-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
Linfeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Direct Band Gap ◽  
Field Emitters ◽  
Current State ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Direct Band ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals have attracted increasing interest for optoelectronic applications in recent years due to their rich morphologies. With unique properties such as a direct band-gap and excellent photoelectrical characteristics, CdSe nano-tetrapods are promising nanostructures for applications in such fields as photodetectors, field emitters, and photovoltaic devices. This review mainly describes the remarkable progress made in synthesis and hybrid photovoltaic applications of CdSe nano-tetrapods over the last few years. In particular, the “blinking” effect observed from these nano-tetrapods in chloroform solution is highlighted. This overview covers the current state of the art as well as an outlook on possibilities and limitations.

scholarly journals Towards FAIR Data for Low Carbon Energy - Current State and Call for Action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Jana Schwanitz ◽  
August Wierling ◽  
Mehmet Biresselioglu ◽  
Massimo Celino ◽  
Muhittin Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Current ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Scholarly Data ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Made In

Abstract With the continued digitization of the energy sector, the problem of sunken scholarly data investments and forgone opportunities of harvesting existing data is exacerbating. It adds to the problem that the reproduction of knowledge is incomplete, impeding the transparency of science-based evidence for the choices made in the energy transition. We comprehensively test FAIR data practices in the energy domain with the help of automated and manual tests. We document the state-of-the art and provide insights on bottlenecks from the human and machine perspectives. We propose action items for overcoming the problem with FAIR and open energy data and suggest how to prioritize activities.

Nonlinear optical devices: Relative Status of Polymeric Materials

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Devices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Phenomena ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTNonlinear optical phenomena have been investigated over the last three decades in many different materials and a great deal of progress has been made in both the basic science and device applications.(1] Although interest in nonlinear organic materials dates back to the early days of nonlinear optics, it is only in the last five years that progress has been sustained and rapid. The purpose of this paper is to examine progress in developing new nonlinear organic materials and in their application to devices for comparison with current state-of-the-art devices using other material systems.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Mauger ◽  
Christian M. Julien
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogs ◽  
Made In

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) were investigated as recently as in the seventies. However, they have been overshadowed for decades, due to the success of lithium-ion batteries that demonstrated higher energy densities and longer cycle lives. Since then, the witness a re-emergence of the SIBs and renewed interest evidenced by an exponential increase of the publications devoted to them (about 9000 publications in 2019, more than 6000 in the first six months this year). This huge effort in research has led and is leading to an important and constant progress in the performance of the SIBs, which have conquered an industrial market and are now commercialized. This progress concerns all the elements of the batteries. We have already recently reviewed the salts and electrolytes, including solid electrolytes to build all-solid-state SIBs. The present review is then devoted to the electrode materials. For anodes, they include carbons, metal chalcogenide-based materials, intercalation-based and conversion reaction compounds (transition metal oxides and sulfides), intermetallic compounds serving as functional alloying elements. For cathodes, layered oxide materials, polyionic compounds, sulfates, pyrophosphates and Prussian blue analogs are reviewed. The electrode structuring is also discussed, as it impacts, importantly, the electrochemical performance. Attention is focused on the progress made in the last five years to report the state-of-the-art in the performance of the SIBs and justify the efforts of research.

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