The Inflammation Network in the Pathogenesis of Erectile Dysfunction: Attractive Potential Therapeutic Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3955-3972
Author(s):  
Ecem Kaya-Sezginer ◽  
Serap Gur
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediate stage of endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Objective: This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs on ED. Methods: A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019. Results: Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction of inflammatory marker levels. Conclusion: Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These data have established that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and successful management of ED.

Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1353-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Wadhawan ◽  
Mark A. Reynolds ◽  
Hina Makkar ◽  
Alison J. Scott ◽  
Eileen Potocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Illness

Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction and Low-Grade Inflammation Are Associated With Greater Arterial Stiffness Over a 6-Year Period

Hypertension ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas C. van Bussel ◽  
Fleur Schouten ◽  
Ronald M. Henry ◽  
Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽  
Michiel R. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation and the progression of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. W. Spijkerman ◽  
M.-A. Gall ◽  
L. Tarnow ◽  
J. W. R. Twisk ◽  
E. Lauritzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Mechanisms Mediating Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Delta-Tocotrienol and Tart Cherry Anthocyanins in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3356
Author(s):  
Lexie Harlan ◽  
London T. Mena ◽  
Latha Ramalingam ◽  
Shasika Jayarathne ◽  
Chwan-Li Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a primary characteristic of obesity and can lead to other metabolic complications including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several anti-inflammatory dietary bioactives decrease inflammation that accompanies metabolic diseases. We are specifically interested in delta-tocotrienol, (DT3) an isomer of vitamin E, and tart cherry anthocyanins (TCA), both of which possess individual anti-inflammatory properties. We have previously demonstrated that DT3 and TCA, individually, reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in rodent models of obesity. However, whether these compounds have combinatorial effects has not been determined yet. Hence, we hypothesize that a combined treatment of DT3 and TCA will have great effects in reducing inflammation in adipocytes, and that these effects are mediated via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), a major inflammatory transcription factor. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and treated them with 1–5 µM doses of DT3 along with tart cherry containing 18–36 µg anthocyanin/mL, to assess effects on inflammation. Neither DT3 nor TCA, nor their combinations had toxic effects on adipocytes. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and p-65 (subunit of NFkB) were reduced at the protein level in media collected from adipocytes with both individual and combined treatments. Additionally, other downstream targets of NFkB including macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (Mip2), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) were also significantly downregulated (p ≤ 0.05) when treated with individual and combined doses of DT3 and TCA with no additional combinatorial effects. In summary, DT3 and TCA individually, are beneficial in reducing inflammation with no additional combinatorial effects.

ASSOCIATION OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION AND PLATELET ACTIVATION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH MICROALBUMINURIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S35
Author(s):  
Francesca Santilli ◽  
Patrizia Ferroni ◽  
Maria Teresa Guagnano ◽  
Angela Falco ◽  
Vincenzo Paoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are associated in the offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Ruotsalainen ◽  
Ilkka Vauhkonen ◽  
Urpu Salmenniemi ◽  
Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽  
Kari Punnonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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