Effects of regional denervation on epicardial DC electrograms during coronary occlusion in pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. H138-H146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cinca ◽  
A. Bardaji ◽  
J. Figueras ◽  
A. Salas-Caudevilla ◽  
A. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Area ◽  
Catecholamine Histofluorescence ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
A Minor

Sympathetic innervation of the normal and acutely ischemic myocardium and the effects of regional myocardial sympathetic denervation of the ischemic area on the evolving electrical changes during coronary occlusion were assessed in pigs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The histofluorescence of the adrenergic nerve fibers (glyoxylic acid reaction), which in the normal myocardium were distributed in a diffuse network, decreased slightly after 45 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and nearly disappeared after 2 h of ischemia. Topical application of phenol (carbolic acid, 88%) to the coronary arterial wall produced a transmural loss of catecholamine histofluorescence in the distal myocardium supplied by the phenol-treated arterial segment. Mapping of the epicardial direct current (DC) electrograms in sympathetically denervated and in nondenervated sections of the same ischemic area, using three rows of seven cotton-wick electrodes, was performed in eight pigs and validated in eight other nondenervated pigs. During 45 min of LAD occlusion, the denervated area, with respect to the nondenervated region, showed a greater decline in T-Q segment depression after 20 min of ischemia (P less than 0.0001), a lesser degree of S-T segment elevation throughout the study (P less than 0.0001), a delayed development of monophasic potentials (P less than 0.05), a minor degree of S-T segment alternans (P less than 0.0001), and a less marked, but still present, period of transient electrical recovery. Thus acute regional myocardial sympathectomy reduces the magnitude of the local electrical manifestations of acute myocardial ischemia in the in situ pig heart. Also in this model, sympathetic fibers appeared to lose the catecholamine histofluorescence after 2 h of acute ischemia.

Adrenergic Nerve Fibers in the Human Fetal Sciatic Nerve

1991 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koistinaho
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve

Sympathetic innervation of guinea pig uterus and ovary

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Kulkarni ◽  
AR Wakade ◽  
SM Kirpekar
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hypogastric Plexus ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ovarian Nerves ◽  
Adrenergic Fibers

The relative contribution of the ovarian nerves and hypogastric plexus in the innervation of the guinea pig uterus and ovary was assessed. Chronic section of the hypogastric nerve did not reduce norepinephrine (NE) concentration in either organ. Localization of the hypogastric plexus in female guinea pigs was unsuccessful. Crushing the ovarian nerves 1) lowered the NE concentration in the ovary (70%) and in all portions of the uterus (86%), 2) decreased by 80-90% the uterine retention of [3H]NE, and 3) decreased the intensity of fluorescent adrenergic fibers in the uterus. However, the denervated uterus failed to exhibit supersensitivity to NE. In conclusion, sympathetic innervation of the guinea pig uterus and ovary is predominantly via the ovarian nerves, and a minor pathway of innervation may come from hypogastric plexus.

scholarly journals Influence of dibornol-HES on electrophysiological parameters in the period of restoration of blood flow in rabbit myocardium

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
M. A. Vaykshnorayte ◽  
V. A. Vityazev ◽  
N. A. Vahnina ◽  
V. D. Shadrina ◽  
M. A. Torlopov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
30Th Minute ◽  
Dispersion Of Repolarization ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. Dibornol-HES, a water-soluble drug based on the derivative of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol Dibornol conjugated with hydroxyethyl starch, can reduce the occurrence and severity of arrhythmias by preventive intravenous administration, but it is unknown whether the drug could reduce the myocardial arrhythmogenicity once ischemia has developed at the developed ischemia.Materials and methods. In the model of acute ischemia / reperfusion of the rabbit heart, the effect of Dibornol-HEC (80 mg/kg body weight of the animal) on the electrophysiological indices characterizing myocardial arrhythmogenicity (global and border dispersion of repolarization) was studied during the restoration of blood flow. In the model of acute ischemia / reperfusion with 64 unipolar epicardial leads, the activation-recovery intervals were measured and global and border dispersion of repolarization in the native rabbits (control group, n = 9) and in the rabbits treated by Dibornol-HES (on the 25th minute of occlusion, the experimental group, n = 6).Results. The introduction of Dibornol-HES did not lead to a change in the electrocardiographic parameters of rabbits. By the 30th minute of the coronary occlusion on the ECG in the animals of the control and the experimental groups, the intervals RR, QT, QTc were shortened (p < 0.05). In the animals of both groups by the 30th minute of coronary occlusion, the global dispersion of repolarization increased (p < 0.05), the boundary dispersion of repolarization also increased (p < 0.05), due to the decrease in the duration of the activation-recovery intervals in the ischemic zone (p < 0.05). During the 30-minute reperfusion the magnitude of the global dispersion of repolarization did not change in animals of the both groups, and the magnitude of the border dispersion of repolarization in the control rabbits decreased (p < 0.05), while in the rabbits treated by Dibornol-HES the border dispersion of repolarization did not changed.Conclusion. In rabbits of the experimental group, the values of the global and border dispersions of repolarization did not differ from those of the animals in the control group. Therefore, the administration to Dibornol-HES just prior to reperfusion does not lead to the decrease in the dispersion of repolarization increased as a result of acute ischemic myocardial damage.

scholarly journals Vanillin: The Case for Greener Production Driven by Sustainability Megatrend

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Ciriminna ◽  
Alexandra Fidalgo ◽  
Francesco Meneguzzo ◽  
Francesco Parrino ◽  
Laura M. Ilharco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Synthetic Product ◽  
Green Production ◽  
A Minor

Approaching the end of the second decade of the 21st century, almost the whole demand of vanillin is met by the synthetic product obtained either via a petrochemical process starting from phenol and glyoxylic acid or from energy intensive alkaline oxidative depolymerization of lignin. Only a minor fraction is comprised of natural vanillin obtained from ferulic acid fermentation, and even less of highly valued Vanilla planifolia extracts. Are there alternative green production methods? And, if yes, are they suitable to find practical application?

Degeneration and Regrowth of Adrenergic Nerve Fibers in the Rat Peripheral Tissues after 6-Hydroxydopamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Champlain
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Endogenous Noradrenaline ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Histofluorescent and biochemical changes in the adrenergic nervous system were followed up in rat tissues after one single intravenous injection of a high dose of 100 mg/kg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA). This treatment results in the rapid disappearance of terminal and preterminal fibers in the iris, atria, and small arteries of rats, whereas endogenous noradrenaline pools of the heart are 95% depleted. The capacity of the adrenergic nerve to take up and accumulate tritiated noradrenaline is reduced proportionally to the reduction in endogenous noradrenaline levels. These changes are compatible with the concept of a complete sympathectomy induced by the specific toxic action of 6-OH-DA on the adrenergic fibers. This sympathectomy is not permanent, however, and numerous bundles of preterminal fibers start to grow in the iris and atria within 4 to 5 days following injection. Progressively, in the following weeks, these fibers distribute over the whole organ and give birth to terminal fibers which form a new adrenergic plexus in these tissues. A completely normal innervation is restored 2 to 3 months after administration of 6-OH-DA. The endogenous noradrenaline levels rise progressively in parallel to the development of the new plexus of fibers. Since a complete regeneration of the adrenergic innervation can be demonstrated in the weeks following injection of 6-OH-DA, it appears that this compound can selectively destroy the adrenergic terminal and preterminal fibers without causing a degeneration of the adrenergic ganglion cells.

Abstract 15228: Role of Sympathetic Innervation in the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin JIANG ◽  
Yugang Liu ◽  
Guillermo A Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Infrarenal Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Nerve Bundles

Introduction: The objective of this study is to understand the role of neurological factors, specifically those from the perivascular sympathetic nervous system (SNS), on the initiation and development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the formation of AAA is associated with the loss of perivascular SNS-induced vasoconstriction specific to the aneurysm region. Methods: We developed a rat Abdominal Aortic Denervation (AAD) model, where the infrarenal aorta of Spauge Dawley rats was denervated with surgical removal of nerve fibers and chemical denervation with 10% phenol ( Figure. A ). A sham control group was included where the infrarenal aorta was treated with PBS. The arteries were harvested at 1 month after the surgeries for histological assessment. Results: The denervated aortas exhibited significant thinning of the aortic wall including the media and the adventitia, compared to the sham controls ( Figure. B ). Moreover, degradation of elastin, demonstrated by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and the decreased number of lamellar units, was also observed in the dennervated aortas in comparison to the sham controls. While the control aortas were well innervated with perivascular nerve bundles adjacent to the adventitia, no nerves were found surrounding the denervated aortas, suggesting successful denervation. Conclusions: We generated an AAD model that could be used for mechanistic understanding and therapeutic development of AAA. The preliminary data suggest a direct link between the lack of aortic sympathetic innervation and AAA formation. Long-term studies are currently underway to further characterize changes in the aortic walls after sympathetic denervation. Figure. (A) Illustration of the denervated region on the rat infrarenal aorta. ( B ) Histological staining of control and denervated rat abdominal aortas at 1 month after surgery. Yellow stars: para-aortic nerve bundles. Scale bar = 200 μm.

The Role of Neurogenic Bioamines in Nerve Fibers of Uterus during the Postpartum Involution in Experimental Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dindyaev ◽  
Narasimha M Beeraka ◽  
Denis V. Kasatkin ◽  
Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko ◽  
Siva G. Somasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Nulliparous Female ◽  
Uterine Body

Background: Biogenic amines (BAs) secreted by the sympathetic neural apparatus of rat uterus is reported to be conducive to the uterine functional activity during postpartum involution; the imbalance in BAs ratio could confer postpartum reproductive disorders including improper postpartum involution. Objective: The changes in density of uterine sympathetic nerves implicated in the pathology of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and delayed uterine involution. The present study is aimed to ascertain ‘serotonin’ and ‘catecholamine’ concentrations in mesenteric mast cells (MCs), and structural elements of nerve fibers across the perivascular plexuses (PPs) and single sympathetic nerve terminals (SST). Methods: Furthermore, the density of their spatial distribution (SDP and SDT) in the uterine body, cervix, and mesometrium was determined during postpartum involution. Tissue specimens of postpartum uterus were obtained from 55 nulliparous female Wistar outbred strain rats, which were grouped according to the days after parturition at the time of sacrifice. The nerve fibers of PP and SST exhibited emerald green fluorescence, which was detected by glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique; the fluorescence invoked by BAs was identified by microspectrofluorimetry. Results: Concentrations of BAs were extensive in the varicosities of PP and SST on the 10th day. However, the highest BA concentrations were found in structural elements of PP in the uterine mesometrium in the initial days of postpartum. In mesenteric MC, serotonin and catecholamines were at the highest concentration on 10th day postpartum. Histamines peaked on the 6th day. Conclusion: SDP and SDT were increased significantly in all structural elements of uterine nerve fibers in the uterine body and cervix compared to SDP in mesentery. Considering that catecholamines and serotonin are antagonists in many aspects of their biological action, the ratio of BAs should be well-balanced to maintain anabolic-catabolic equilibrium in the rat uterus.

Automated Procedure for Simultaneously Measuring Total Globulin and Total Protein in Serum

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Savory ◽  
M Geraldine Heintges ◽  
Robert E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
A Minor

Abstract An automated continuous-flow procedure has been developed for simultaneously measuring total serum protein and globulin. The method for total protein is a minor modification of an existing automated method in which the biuret reagent is used. Total globulin is measured by reaction with glyoxylic acid, and standardized with N-acetyltryptophan. An empirical factor relating concentration of N-acetyltryptophan to human globulin has been derived. Values for total serum globulin obtained by this new automated procedure correlate closely with values obtained by electrophoresis, but do not agree with values obtained by use of procedures involving binding of anionic dye. Recovery of gamma globulin added to serum is essentially quantitative; the day-to-day precision (CV) is 4.31%.

scholarly journals Galanin is localized in sympathetic neurons of the dog liver

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. E1194-E1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Mundinger ◽  
C. Bruce Verchere ◽  
Denis G. Baskin ◽  
Michael R. Boyle ◽  
Stephan Kowalyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve Terminals ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Dog Liver

Stimulation of canine hepatic nerves releases the neuropeptide galanin from the liver; therefore, galanin may be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in the dog liver. To test this hypothesis, we used immunocytochemistry to determine if galanin is localized in hepatic sympathetic nerves and we used hepatic sympathetic denervation to verify such localization. Liver sections from dogs were immunostained for both galanin and the sympathetic enzyme marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Galanin-like immunoreactivity (GALIR) was colocalized with TH in many axons of nerve trunks as well as individual nerve fibers located both in the stroma of hepatic blood vessels and in the liver parenchyma. Neither galanin- nor TH-positive cell bodies were observed. Intraportal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusion, a treatment that selectively destroys hepatic adrenergic nerve terminals, abolished the GALIR staining in parenchymal neurons but only moderately diminished the GALIR staining in the nerve fibers around blood vessels. To confirm that 6-OHDA pretreatment proportionally depleted galanin and norepinephrine in the liver, we measured both the liver content and the hepatic nerve-stimulated spillover of galanin and norepinephrine from the liver. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA reduced the content and spillover of both galanin and norepinephrine by >90%. Together, these results indicate that galanin in dog liver is primarily colocalized with norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves and may therefore function as a hepatic sympathetic neurotransmitter.

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