A Review on Emerging Drug Targets in Treatment of Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Gaurav M. Doshi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Endocannabinoid Receptor

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial, highly complex behavioral and cognitive disorder caused by disruptions of neurotransmitters in the brain, consequently affecting its functioning. The disorder is known to affect approximately 1% of the adult population worldwide. Antipsychotics used in the treatment have considerable drawbacks as they primarily aim to alleviate the positive symptoms of different aspects of the disorder and fail to treat the negative and cognitive symptoms. Considering the poor functional outcome of conventional antipsychotic therapy, the recent development of effective targets is of clinical importance. In this review, we summarize perspective on recent approaches and advances on schizophrenia. New therapeutically potential compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia act on metabotropic glutamate receptor, Matrix metalloproteinase, endocannabinoid receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, muscarinic acetylcholine cholinergic receptor and Dynorphin /Kappa Opioid receptor systems. This review explores the functions of different receptors other than dopaminergic systems to treat and manage schizophrenia effectively. The article would provide readers guidance on newer targets related to schizophrenia.

scholarly journals SNAP-tagged nanobodies enable reversible optical control of a G protein-coupled receptor via a remotely tethered photoswitchable ligand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Farrants ◽  
Amanda Acosta Ruiz ◽  
Vanessa A. Gutzeit ◽  
Dirk Trauner ◽  
Kai Johnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
G Protein Coupled

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the transduction of extracellular signals into complex intracellular responses. Despite their ubiquitous roles in physiological processes and as drug targets for a wide range of disorders, the precise mechanisms of GPCR function at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels remain partially understood. In order to dissect the function of individual receptors subtypes with high spatiotemporal precision, various optogenetic and photopharmacological approaches have been reported that use the power of light for receptor activation and deactivation. Here, we introduce a novel and, to date, most remote way of applying photoswitchable orthogonally remotely-tethered ligands (PORTLs) by using a SNAP-tag fused nanobody. Our nanobody-photoswitch conjugates (NPCs) can be used to target a GFP-fused metabotropic glutamate receptor by either gene-free application of purified complexes or co-expression of genetically encoded nanobodies to yield robust, reversible control of agonist binding and subsequent downstream activation. By harboring and combining the selectivity and flexibility of both nanobodies and self-labelling enzymes, we set the stage for targeting endogenous receptors in vivo.

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