Smart Drug Release Systems Based on Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

Amino-functional polyethers have emerged as a new class of “smart”, i.e. pH- and thermoresponsive materials. This review article summarizes the synthesis and applications of these materials, obtained from ring-opening of suitable epoxide monomers.

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Thermo- and Photoresponsive Behaviors of Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Organogels Consisting of Homopolymers of Coumarin-Containing Methacrylate

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Seidai Okada ◽

Eriko Sato

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Critical Solution Temperature ◽

Equilibrium Degree ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers ◽

Dual Functional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Increasing Temperature

Coumarin-containing vinyl homopolymers, such as poly(7-methacryloyloxycoumarin) (P1a) and poly(7-(2′-methacryloyloxyethoxy)coumarin) (P1b), show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in chloroform, which can be controlled by the [2 + 2] photochemical cycloaddition of the coumarin moiety, and they are recognized as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. A single functional group of monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers responds to dual stimuli and can be introduced more uniformly and densely than those of dual-functional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. In this study, considering a wide range of applications, organogels consisting of P1a and P1b, i.e., P1a-gel and P1b-gel, respectively, were synthesized, and their thermo- and photoresponsive behaviors in chloroform were investigated in detail. P1a-gel and P1b-gel in a swollen state (transparent) exhibited phase separation (turbid) through a temperature jump and reached a shrunken state (transparent), i.e., an equilibrium state, over time. Moreover, the equilibrium degree of swelling decreased non-linearly with increasing temperature. Furthermore, different thermoresponsive sites were photopatterned on the organogel through the photodimerization of the coumarin unit. The organogels consisting of homopolymers of coumarin-containing methacrylate exhibited unique thermo- and photoresponsivities and behaved as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive organogels.

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Mono and Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Polymers: Application as Intelligent Nano‐Drug Delivery Systems

Nanopharmaceutical Advanced Delivery Systems ◽

10.1002/9781119711698.ch11 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 237-265

Author(s):

Archana Sidagouda Patil ◽

Anand Panchakshari Gadad ◽

Panchaxari Mallappa Dandagi

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers ◽

Nano Drug Delivery

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Metal-Organic Framework-Based Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs5040101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Menglian Wei ◽

Yu Wan ◽

Xueji Zhang

Keyword(s):

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Guest Molecules ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers ◽

Reversible Phase Transition ◽

Metal Organic ◽

External Stimuli ◽

Organic Framework

Metal-organic framework (MOF) based stimuli-responsive polymers (coordination polymers) exhibit reversible phase-transition behavior and demonstrate attractive properties that are capable of altering physical and/or chemical properties upon exposure to external stimuli, including pH, temperature, ions, etc., in a dynamic fashion. Thus, their conformational change can be imitated by the adsorption/desorption of target analytes (guest molecules), temperature or pressure changes, and electromagnetic field manipulation. MOF-based stimuli responsive polymers have received great attention due to their advanced optical properties and variety of applications. Herein, we summarized some recent progress on MOF-based stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) classified by physical and chemical responsiveness, including temperature, pressure, electricity, pH, metal ions, gases, alcohol and multi-targets.

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Polymer-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Application and Demonstration of Stimuli-Responsiveness

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1285

Author(s):

Louise Van Gheluwe ◽

Igor Chourpa ◽

Coline Gaigne ◽

Emilie Munnier

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Smart Drug ◽

Smart Drug Delivery

Progress in recent years in the field of stimuli-responsive polymers, whose properties change depending on the intensity of a signal, permitted an increase in smart drug delivery systems (SDDS). SDDS have attracted the attention of the scientific community because they can help meet two current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry: targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine. Controlled release of the active ingredient can be achieved through various stimuli, among which are temperature, pH, redox potential or even enzymes. SDDS, hitherto explored mainly in oncology, are now developed in the fields of dermatology and cosmetics. They are mostly hydrogels or nanosystems, and the most-used stimuli are pH and temperature. This review offers an overview of polymer-based SDDS developed to trigger the release of active ingredients intended to treat skin conditions or pathologies. The methods used to attest to stimuli-responsiveness in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo are discussed.

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Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Soft Robotics

Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems ◽

10.1146/annurev-control-042920-014327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yusen Zhao ◽

Mutian Hua ◽

Yichen Yan ◽

Shuwang Wu ◽

Yousif Alsaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Systems ◽

Soft Robotics ◽

Annual Review ◽

Liquid Crystal Polymers ◽

Publication Date ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽

Responsive Polymers ◽

Evaluation Of Performance ◽

Robotic Applications

This article reviews recent progress in the use of stimuli-responsive polymers for soft robotics. First, we introduce different types of representative stimuli-responsive polymers, which include liquid crystal polymers and elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, magnetic elastomers, electroactive polymers, and thermal expansion actuators. We focus on the mechanisms of actuation and the evaluation of performance and discuss strategies for improvements. We then present examples of soft robotic applications based on stimuli-responsive polymers for bending, grasping, walking, swimming, flying, and sensing control. Finally, we discuss current opportunities and challenges of stimuli-responsive soft robots for future study. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 5 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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