Therapeutic Potential of Umbilical Cord Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Ifrah Anwar ◽  
Usman A. Ashfaq ◽  
Zeeshan Shokat
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells ◽  
High Regeneration

The liver is a vital organ for life and the only internal organ that is capable of natural regeneration. Although the liver has high regeneration capacity, excessive hepatocyte death can lead to liver failure. Various factors can lead to liver damage including drug abuse, some natural products, alcohol, hepatitis, and autoimmunity. Some models for studying liver injury are APAP-based model, Fas ligand (FasL), D-galactosamine/endotoxin (Gal/ET), Concanavalin A, and carbon tetrachloride-based models. The regeneration of the liver can be carried out using umbilical cord blood stem cells which have various advantages over other stem cell types used in liver transplantation. UCB-derived stem cells lack tumorigenicity, have karyotype stability and high immunomodulatory, low risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD), low risk of transmitting somatic mutations or viral infections, and low immunogenicity. They are readily available and their collection is safe and painless. This review focuses on recent development and modern trends in the use of umbilical cord stem cells for the regeneration of liver fibrosis.

Abstract 10025: Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Increase Heart Contractility and Decrease Fibrosis in Congenital Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Henning ◽  
Ernesto Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Intramyocardial Injection ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Contractility

Introduction: We have established that human umbilical cord blood stem cells ( hUCSC ) decrease inflammation and infarct size in acute myocardial infarctions in rats. We hypothesized that hUCSC can limit the progressive LV fibrosis and LV failure that occurs in TO2 hamsters, a model of congenital cardiomyopathy due to sarcoglycan deficiency. Methods: 22 TO2 1 month old hamsters were treated with intramyocardial ( IM ) hUCBC, 4х 10 6 ,in Isolyte®, and 23 TO2 1 month old hamsters were treated with IM Isolyte. 16 1 month old F1B hamsters served as controls and received IM Isolyte. No hamster was given immunosuppressive treatment. Echocardiograms were performed on all hamsters prior to and monthly after treatment for 6 months. Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s Trichrome and human nuclear antibody. Results: In the F1B hamsters, LV fractional shortening ( FS ) and ejection fractions ( EF ) did not significantly decrease over 6 months. In contrast, in Isolyte treated TO2 hamsters, FS decreased from 56.2±1.0% to 19.7±3.2% and EF decreased from 89.5±1.4% to 41.9 ±5.9% at 6 months (both p < 0.001). The FS and EF in hUCSC treated TO2 hamsters also progressively decreased over 6 months but changes were more gradual, especially during first month after hUCSC when FS was 52.0±1.5% and EF was 89.5±1.4%, which was not significantly different from the F1B hamsters. In the hUCSC treated hamsters, the FS and EF were 20-30% greater than FS and EF in Isolyte TO2 hamsters at 3 and 5 months (p < 0.01). Injection of hUCBC in a subset of Isolyte treated TO2s at 4 months increased LV EF at age 5 months to 57.5±2.3% compared with a EF of 41.6±3.1% (p< 0.01) in Isolyte treated TO2s. In Isolyte treated TO2s at 6-7 months, fibrosis involved 30.0±5.0% of LV and 35.0±5.0% of LV septum. In contrast, in hUCSC treated hamsters, fibrosis involved only 16.5± 2.3% of LV and 16.3±1.8% of septum (p< 0.05). The average number of blood vessels per myocardial microscopic field in hUCSC treated hearts was 53.5 ± 0.8 versus 46.2 ± 3.0 in Isolyte treated TO2 hearts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: hUCSC, given as a single intramyocardial injection, can limit fibrosis and increase heart contractility over the short term in TO2 hamsters with congenital cardiomyopathy.

The effect dmso on differentiation into hepatocytes-like cell of umbilical cord stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1se) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hanh ◽  
Vi Dai Lam ◽  
Nguyen Huu Duc ◽  
Do Trung Kien ◽  
Nguyen Viet Linh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

Microbial stresses on human umbilical cord stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Kart ◽  
Betül Çelebi-Saltik
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

: Umbilical cord and cord blood are acceptable as attractive sources of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, since their collection is non-invasive, painless, and does not evoke the ethical concerns. Microorganism-stem cell interaction plays an important role in stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, secretion profile and death. In the literature, few researchers are examining the relationship between pathogenic and commensal bacteria with umbilical cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). These relationships vary depending on the bacterial load and the presence of the immune cell in the environment. Several bacterial pathogens act in the regenerative capacity of MSCs by changing their phenotype, development and viability due to several stress factors that are created by a microorganism such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, etc. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of MSCs were shown and these phenomena increased when the number of bacteria was high but decreased in the presence of low amounts of bacteria. The antibacterial effects of MSCs increased in the early period of infection, while their effects were decreased in the late period with high inflammatory response and bacterial load. In this review, we discussed the microbial stresses on human umbilical cord stem cells.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Yashika S. Kamte ◽  
Manisha N. Chandwani ◽  
Alexa C. Michaels ◽  
Lauren A. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain

Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.

scholarly journals From cord to caudate: characterizing umbilical cord blood stem cells and their paracrine interactions with the injured brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya F Maillacheruvu ◽  
Lauren M Engel ◽  
Isaiah T Crum ◽  
Devendra K Agrawal ◽  
Eric S Peeples
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Blood Stem Cells

scholarly journals Gas-Foaming Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffold Encapsulating Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 816-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchuan Chen ◽  
Hongzhi Zhou ◽  
Minghui Tang ◽  
Michael D. Weir ◽  
Chongyun Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells ◽  
Gas Foaming

scholarly journals Historical background of umbilical stem cell culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Borys-Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata Józkowiak ◽  
Katarzyna Stefańska ◽  
Sandra Knap ◽  
Wojciech Pieńkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Graft Versus Host Reaction ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

AbstractUmbilical cord is a waste material, and therefore does not raise ethical concerns related to its use for research and medicine. Stem cells from umbilical cord have a significant advantage over cells from other sources. First, the umbilical cord is an infinite source of stem cells, because it can be taken theoretically during each delivery. Secondly, acquisition of umbilical cord is a non-invasive, safe procedure for mother and child. Thirdly, the transplantation of umbilical cord stem cells is associated with a lower risk of infection and a less-frequent “graft versus host” reaction. In this work, the authors present a historical background of research on the cell from its discovery to modern times characterized by highly advanced methods of obtaining stem cells from umbilical cord and from other sources.

scholarly journals Application of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Nerve Muscle

BACKGROUND: Since the first umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant, performed 25 years ago, UCB banks have been established worldwide for the collection and cryopreservation of UCB for autologous and allogeneic transplants.CONTENT: Much has been learned in a relatively short time on the properties of UCB hematopoietic progenitors and their clinical application. More interestingly, non-hematopoietic stem cells have been isolated from UCB. These cells can be grown and differentiated into various tissues including bone, cartilage, liver, pancreas, nerve, muscle and so on. The non-hematopoietic stem cells have an advantage over other sources of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, because their supply is unlimited, they can be used in autologous or allogeneic situations, they need minimal manipulation and they raise no ethical concerns. Future studies will test the potential of UCB cells for the treatment of several diseases including, among other possibilities, diabetes, arthritis, burns, neurological disorder and myocardial infarction.SUMMARY: In addition to hematopoietic stem cells, UCB contain a large number of non-hematopoietic stem cells. In the absence of ethical concern, the unlimited supply of UCB cells explains the increasing interest of using UCB for developing regenerative medicine.KEYWORDS: UCB, transplantation, UCB bank, HSC, MSC, CD34, CD133, VSEL

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